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Bernhard Rogge

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Title: Bernhard Rogge  
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Subject: Otto Pollmann, Bernd Klug, German auxiliary cruiser Atlantis, Heinz-Otto Fabian, Heinz-Martin Ewert
Collection: 1899 Births, 1982 Deaths, Bundesmarine Admirals, Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, German Christians, German Military Personnel of World War I, Imperial German Navy Personnel, Kriegsmarine Admirals, People from Schleswig, People from the Province of Schleswig-Holstein, Recipients of the Bronze Medal of Military Valor, Recipients of the Clasp to the Iron Cross, 1St Class, Recipients of the Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918, Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Recipients of the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Reichsmarine Personnel
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Bernhard Rogge

Bernhard Rogge
Bernhard Rogge
Born (1899-11-04)4 November 1899
Schleswig
Died 29 June 1982(1982-06-29) (aged 82)
Reinbek
Allegiance  German Empire (to 1918)
 Weimar Republic (to 1933)
 Nazi Germany (to 1945)
 West Germany (to 1962)
Service/branch  Kaiserliche Marine
 Reichsmarine
 Kriegsmarine
 German Navy
Years of service 1915–45
1957–62
Rank Vizeadmiral
Konteradmiral
Unit SMS Freya
SMS Moltke
SMS Stralsund
SMS Pillau
Light cruiser Amazone
SMS Schleswig-Holstein
SSS Niobe
Commands held SSS Niobe (in deputize)
SSS Gorch Fock
SSS Albert Leo Schlageter
Auxiliary cruiser Atlantis
Battles/wars World War I
World War II
Awards Ritterkreuz mit Eichenlaub
Great Cross of Merit

Bernhard Rogge (4 November 1899 – 29 June 1982) was a German naval officer who, during World War II, commanded a merchant raider. Later, he became a Konteradmiral in West Germany's Bundesmarine.

He was awarded a Japanese ornate Samurai sword and the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his actions as the commander of the Hilfskreuzer (auxiliary cruiser) Atlantis (Schiff 16).

Rogge eventually became a Vizeadmiral (vice-admiral) by the end of World War II, and, when the West German Bundesmarine was established after the war, returned to service as a Konteradmiral (rear-admiral).

Rogge also was one of the few German officers of flag rank who was not arrested by the Allies after the war. This was due to the way he had exercised his command of Atlantis.

Contents

  • Early life 1
  • Compliments 2
  • Military career 3
  • Awards 4
    • Promotions 4.1
  • Film 5
  • References 6
    • Citations 6.1
    • Bibliography 6.2
  • External links 7

Early life

Rogge was born in Schleswig, the son of a Lutheran minister, and was himself devoutly religious.[1]

Rogge was one of many German officers who were forced to apply for a German Blood Certificate, that would allow their racial background to be overlooked (he had a Jewish grandparent).[2] His wife, Anneliese née Frahm, committed suicide on 4 September 1939. The next day, his mother in law also ended her life willingly.

Compliments

Atlantis

J. Armstrong, Captain of the British City of Baghdad', which the Atlantis sank in July 1941, stated, "His treatment of prisoners left respect, instead of hatred". White later wrote the foreword to Atlantis, the Story of a German Surface Raider, written by U. Mohr & A. V. Sellwood.

Admiral Karl Dönitz, who was prosecuted for war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials, cited his own support of Rogge in an effort to clear himself of the charge of being antisemitic.[3]

Rogge confirmed the death sentence of the 21-year-old sailor Johann Christian Süss. Süss was sentenced to death on 10 May 1945, one day after the German capitulation, for "undermining the discipline" and "disruptive speeches" based on paragraph 5 numeral 2 of the Kriegssonderstrafrechtsverordnung (KSSVO—Special War Criminal Regulation). Süss was executed by firing squad on 11 May 1945.

Military career

  • 1915 — joins the Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial German Navy) as a volunteer
  • After World War I — serves on various cruisers
  • Mid-1930s to 1939 — commander of the sail training ship SSS Albert Leo Schlageter
  • September 1939 — assigned to the Hilfskreuzer Atlantis
    • Mid-December 1939 — the Atlantis is formally commissioned
    • 31 March 1940 — the Atlantis sets out to sea
    • 22 November 1941 — the Atlantis is sunk by HMS Devonshire
  • After World War II — discharged
  • 1 June 1957 — enters the post-World War II West German Bundesmarine with the rank of Konteradmiral
    • 1 June 1957 – 29 September 1957 — delegated with the Command of Military Area Command I
    • 30 September 1957 – 31 March 1962 — Commander of Military Area Command I
    • 15 April 1958 – 31 March 1962 — at the same time, NATO Commander of Land Forces in Schleswig-Holstein (COMLAND-SCHLESWIG)
  • 31 March 1962 — retires from the German Bundesmarine as a Konteradmiral

Awards

Promotions

19 April 1916: Fähnrich zur See]] (Officer Cadet)[5]
13 December 1917: Leutnant zur See (Second Lieutenant)[5]
10 January 1921: Oberleutnant zur See (First Lieutenant) without patent[5]
14 May 1921: Oberleutnant zur See (First Lieutenant)[5]
1 January 1928: Kapitänleutnant (Captain Lieutenant)[5]
1 October 1934: Korvettenkapitän (Corvette Captain)[5]
1 November 1937: Fregattenkapitän (Frigate Captain)[5]
1 November 1939: Kapitän zur See (Captain at Sea)[5]
1 March 1943: Konteradmiral (Counter Admiral)[5]
1 March 1945: Vizeadmiral (Vice Admiral)[5]
1 June 1957: Konteradmiral in the Bundesmarine[5]

Film

Rogge and the cruise of Atlantis were depicted in the 1960 film Sotto dieci bandiere (Under Ten Flags) starring Van Heflin and Charles Laughton.

References

Citations

  1. ^ Gossage & Levitt 2012, p. 21.
  2. ^ Kansas Press
  3. ^ Leon Goldensohn. The Nuremberg Interviews. Vintage Books. New York. 2004. ISBN 1-4000-3043-9.
  4. ^ a b Thomas 1998, p. 222.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Dörr 1996, p. 180.
  6. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 362.
  7. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 56.

Bibliography

  • Dörr, Manfred (1996). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Überwasserstreitkräfte der Kriegsmarine—Band 2: L–Z [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Surface Forces of the Navy—Volume 2: L–Z] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio Verlag.  
  •  
  • Gossage, Carolyn; Levitt, Peter (2012). The Accidental Captives: The Story of Seven Women Alone in Nazi Germany. I.B.Tauris.  
  • Huß, Jürgen; Viohl, Armin (2003). Die Ritterkreuzträger des Eisernen Kreuzes der preußischen Provinz Schleswig-Holstein und der Freien und Hansestadt Lübeck 1939–1945 [The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross Bearers of the Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein and the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck 1939–1945] (in German). Zweibrücken, Germany: VDM Heinz Nickel.  
  • Range, Clemens (1974). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Kriegsmarine [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Navy]. Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag.  
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag.  
  • Thomas, Franz (1998). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag.  
  • Frey, Gerhard; Herrmann, Hajo: Helden der Wehrmacht – Unsterbliche deutsche Soldaten (in German). München, Germany: FZ-Verlag GmbH, 2004. ISBN 3-924309-53-1.

External links

  • Bernhard Rogge in the German National Library catalogue
  • "Boot ohne Kommandant". Der Spiegel (in German) 24. 1956. Retrieved 28 May 2013. 
  • "Berufliches—Bernhard Rogge". Der Spiegel (in German) 19. 1962. Retrieved 28 June 2015. 
  • "S. Zt. erschossen". Der Spiegel (in German) 28. 1965. Retrieved 28 May 2013. 
  • "So etwas unterschreibt man nicht einfach". Der Spiegel (in German) 43. 1965. Retrieved 28 May 2013. 
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