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Marion Park, the daughter of missionaries, is sent to Miss Ashton's boarding school. There she meets with many young girls and together they learn not just lessons in German, Logic, Arithmetic, Latin and Rhetoric, but also life lessons of study habits, lady like manners, self control, thoughtfulness of others, truthfulness, and many other character traits. Join these girls of Montrose Academy as they plunge into the adventures of a secret society, fall into a scrape with the boys of Atherton Academy, and plan many Holiday festivities. (Summary by Abigail Rasmussen)...

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Fiction, Children, Teen/Young adult

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Although Lieh Tzu's work has evidently passed through the hands of many editors and gathered numerous accretions, there remains a considerable nucleus which in all probability was committed to writing by Lieh Tzu's immediate disciples, and is therefore older than the genuine parts of Chuang Tzu. There are some obvious analogies between the two authors, and indeed a certain amount of matter common to both; but on the whole Lieh Tzu's book bears an unmistakable impress of its own. The geniality of its tone contrasts with the somewhat hard brilliancy of Chuang Tzu, and a certain kindly sympathy with the aged, the poor and the humble of this life, not excluding the brute creation, makes itself felt throughout. - From Lionel Giles Introduction...

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History, Literature

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Excerpt: Great George Street, Westminster, is the address of Doyle and Broadbent, civil engineers. On the threshold one reads that the firm consists of Mr. Lawrence Doyle and Mr. Thomas Broadbent, and that their rooms are on the first floor. Most of their rooms are private; for the partners, being bachelors and bosom friends, live there; and the door marked Private, next the clerks? office, is their domestic sitting room as well as their reception room for clients. Let me describe it briefly from the point of view of a sparrow on the window sill. The outer door is in the opposite wall, close to the right hand corner. Between this door and the left hand corner is a hatstand and a table consisting of large drawing boards on trestles, with plans, rolls of tracing paper, mathematical instruments and other draughtsman?s accessories on it. In the left hand wall is the fireplace, and the door of an inner room between the fireplace and our observant sparrow. Against the right hand wall is a filing cabinet, with a cupboard on it, and, nearer, a tall office desk and stool for one person. In the middle of the room a large double writing table ...

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The Monadology ( La Monadologie , 1714) is one of Gottfried Leibniz’s best known works representing his later philosophy. It is a short text which sketches in some 90 paragraphs a metaphysics of simple substances, or monads. What he proposed can be seen as a modification of occasionalism developed by latter-day Cartesians. Leibniz surmised that there are indefinitely many substances individually 'programmed' to act in a predetermined way, each program being coordinated with all the others. This is the pre-established harmony which solved the mind body problem at the cost of declaring any interaction between substances a mere appearance, something which Leibniz accepted. Indeed it was space itself which became an appearance as in his system there was no need for distinguishing inside from outside. True substances were explained as metaphysical points which, Leibniz asserted, are both real and exact — mathematical points being exact but not real and physical ones being real but not exact. (Summary from Wikipedia)...

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Philosophy, Science

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The Bab Ballads are a collection of light verse by W. S. Gilbert, illustrated with his own comic drawings. Gilbert wrote the Ballads before he became famous for his comic opera librettos with Arthur Sullivan. In writing the Bab Ballads, Gilbert developed his unique topsy-turvy style, where the humour was derived by setting up a ridiculous premise and working out its logical consequences, however absurd. The Ballads also reveal Gilbert's cynical and satirical approach to humour. They became famous on their own, as well as being a source for plot elements, characters and songs that Gilbert would recycle in the Gilbert and Sullivan operas. The Bab Ballads take their name from Gilbert's childhood nickname, and he later began to sign his illustrations Bab. (summary from wikipedia)

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This book, published in two volumes called books by the author, is a treatment of everything from the origin of our ideas to how they are to be divided. It includes important statements of Scepticism and Hume's experimental method. Part 1 deals with the nature of ideas. Part 2 deals with the ideas of space and time. Part 3 deals with knowledge and probability. Part 4 deals with skeptical and other systems of philosophy, including a discussion of the soul and personal identity. This is a recording of Volume I (or Book 1). Volume II (which contains Books 2 and 3) is in production at the moment....

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Philosophy

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Nine original and, yes, unlikely fairy-tales, which include stories of the arithmetic fairy, the king who became a charming villa-residence and the dreadful automatic nagging machine. All are classic-Nesbit: charming, novel and not afraid to squeeze in a moral or two -- told with proper fairy-tale style. Summary by Cori...

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Children, Fairy tales, Short stories

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Henry Gray's classic anatomy textbook was first published in 1858 and has been in continuous publication ever since, revised and expanded through many successive editions. This recording is of the public-domain 1918 US edition (some information may be outdated). For the recording, we have divided the book into five parts. Part 2 includes Syndesmology and Myology. The mathematical formulas (section 25) and the illustrations can be found in the online text at bartleby.com. (Summary by Laurie Anne Walden)...

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Science, Instruction, Nature

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Excerpt: The Palimpsest Review is the student literary publication for the Pennsylvania State University campuses outside the University Park main campus. All the short stories and poems published herein are the products of students enrolled on those campuses during the academic year prior to the semester of publication....

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Contents From the Editor?s Desk ................................................................. 5 Poetry ............................................................................................ 9 Evelyn Brady ?Safeguard? .....................................................................................10 Jenna Boyle ?Last Night? .......................................................................................12 Kate F. Van Schaick (Judge?s Selection for Best Poem) ?Ruskie? ............................. 14 Michael Riedl ?Little Round Top, Since July 1863? ................................................16 Nancy Nottingham ?In Pursuit of Scholarship? ......................................................17 Arturo Zilleruelo ?On Haven Fair Road? ................................................................18 Bryan Dondero ?Dandelion Sutra? ........................................................................20 Arturo Zilleruelo ?Girl? .........................................................................................21 Laura Guthrie ?night?s flight of fancy? ......................................................

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Sidelights on Relativity contains ETHER AND THE THEORY OF RELATIVITY, an address delivered on May 5th, 1920, in the University of Leyden; and GEOMETRY AND EXPERIENCE, an expanded form of an address to the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin on January 27th, 1921. (Intro from Project Gutenberg)...

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Nature, Science

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After several years working on a treatise putting forth his mechanistic philosophy and physics, Descartes shelved the project when his contemporary, Galileo, was charged with heresy. That work, The World, was only published after Descartes’ death. It seems that Descartes must have had this, in part at least, in mind when writing his more famous philosophical works. This is especially clear in the Meditations , not only in the obsequiousness of the Letter of Dedication, but also in the specific mode of argument, which does not seek merely to found science upon grounds acceptable to religious authority, but to specifically found a mathematical science; one which clearly privileges mathematical demonstrations even over common sense judgments based upon everyday and constant experience. His Copernicanism, put forth posthumously in The World, would require just such a defense. The Meditations are a central work of early modern philosophy, and play a crucial role in the conceptual development of basic perspectives and problems in the Western tradition, including substance dualism, external world skepticism, and the modern notion of the su...

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Philosophy

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This work covers a substantial mosaic of related concepts in utility theory as applied to financial decision-making. It reviews some of the classical notions of Benthamite utility and the normative utility paradigm offered by the von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility theory; exploring its major pitfalls before moving into what is postulated as an entropic notion of utility. Extrinsic utility is proposed as a cardinally measurable quantity; measurable in terms of the expected information content of a set of alternative choices. The entropic notion of utility is subsequently used to model the financial behavior of individual investors based on their governing risk-return preferences involving financial structured products manufactured out of complex, multi-asset options. Evolutionary superiority of the Black-Scholes function in dynamic hedging scenarios is computationally demonstrated using a haploid genetic algorithm model programmed in Borland C. The work explores, both theoretically and computationally, the psycho-cognitive factors governing the financial behavior of individual investors both in the presence as well as absence o...

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It was known to me his setting up in 1980’s of a new literary and artistic avant-garde movement that he called “paradoxism”, because I received some books and papers dealing with it in order to review them for the German journal “Zentralblatt fár Mathematik”. It was an inspired connection he made between literature/arts and science, philosophy....

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Paradoxism is an avant-garde movement in literature, art, philosophy, science, based on excessive used of antitheses, antinomies, contradictions, parables, odds, paradoxes in creations....

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În anul 1972 Florentin Smarandache prezentase o ipoteză supraluminala (prin care susţinea că nu există barieră a vitezei în univers), infirmând postulatul einsteinian. Autorul l-a contrazis din nou pe Einstein în 1982 construind, prin calcule matematice simple, o Teorie Absolută a Relativităţii (T.A.R.), din care erau înlăturate fanteziile ştiinţifice din Teoria Specială a Relativităţii precum dilatare a timpului, contractare a spaţiului, simultaneitate relativistă, sau paradoxuri relativiste. In 1972 Smarandache hypothesis provided a warp (which claims that there is speed barrier in the universe), refuting Einsteinian postulate. Author Einstein contradicted again in 1982 built by simple math, an Absolute Relativity Theory (ART), which were removed scientific fantasies special theory of relativity and time dilation, space contraction, relativistic simultaneity, or paradoxes relativistic....

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„Neutrosofia” deschide uşi noi în matematică şi în fizică Florentin Smarandache, şef de promoţie al Facultăţii de Matematică din Craiova, nu este doar matematician, ci şi scriitor (poet, prozator, dramaturg), întemeietor al mişcării literare de avangardă numită de el „Paradoxism” (pentru că utilizează în mod programmatic paradoxuri, antiteze, oximoroane), editând şase antologii internaţionale paradoxiste. Are contribuţii şi în alte ştiinţe (filozofie şi fizică), bazate pe aplicarea paradoxismului în ştiinţă. Pornind de la faptul că pentru o entitate „A” există nu doar opusul ei, „antiA”, ci şi neutrul ei, „neutA” (care nu este nici „A”, nici „antiA”), Florentin Smarandache a generalizat „Dialectica” (un capitol al filozofiei, bazat pe existenţa „contrariilor” – „A” şi „antiA”) în „Neutrosofie” (bazată pe existent „contariilor” şi a „neutraliilor”). ...

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22 septembrie 2011: CERN confirmă primul experiment supraluminal - Smarandache Hypothesis, by Philip M. Parker .. . 7 - Un cercetător român a dedus existenţa particulelor cu vitezele supraluminale descoperite recent la CERN, de Prof. Ion Pătraşcu.......... 8 - Un cercetător român postulase că viteza luminii poate fi depăşită, înaintea descoperirii făcute de CERN, de Ichim Vasilică .......... 13 - Profet în Ţara Fizicii: Smarandache confirmat, Einstein infirmat?! de Mircea Monu, fizician....23 - Follow-up on CERN's OPERA Neutrino Results, by Huping Hu & Maoxin Wu ........ 34 04-11 noiembrie 2011: Participare la Conferinţa Internaţională IEEE de Calcul Granular, Universitatea Kaohsiung, Taiwan, cu lucrări despre Logica Neutrosofică - Florentin Smarandache duce neutrosofia şi în Taiwan!, de M. Monu .......... 37 18 noiembrie 2011: Premiul Statului New Mexico la categoria Ştiinţă şi Matematică în Albuquerque - Renaissance Man, Shondiin Silversmith ... . 46 - Un profesor român a câştigat Premiul statului New Mexico (SUA) la Ştiinţă şi Matematică pe anul 2011, de Prof. Mircea Eugen Şelariu ......... 48 premiul statului New M...

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A line of thought explored herein is the correspondence between cosmological phenomena and condensed matter physics, and therefore we can think that the quantization of orbit distances can be caused by superfluid helium quantization. This issue is explored by F. Smarandache and V. Christianto. Moreover, F. Smarandache also discusses possible new era of research that is pertaining to superluminal physics and instantaneous physics. Ion Patrascu and D. Rabounski discuss superluminality from their perspectives. And M. Pereira discusses his Hypergeometrical Universe model....

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Preface III Contents IV Planetary orbits in Solar and Extrasolar systems (A. Rubcic & J. Rubcic) Fizika A, 19 no.3, 2010...................1 Areal velocities of planets and their comparison (P. Pintr, V. Per\inova% , A. Luks\) unpubl. 2011...................15 Distribution of distances in solar system (P. Pintr, V. Perinova , A. Luks) Chaos , Soliton, Fractals 2007...................27 New cosmological model of universe and possible quantization of the Hubble parameter (P.Pintr) unpublished paper, Dec. 2011...................39 Do we really understand the solar system? (M. Pitkanen) Nov. 27th 2011...................50 Inflation and TGD (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 10th 2011...................70 QCD and TGD (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 19th 2011...................78 Quantum arithmetics and the relationship between real and p-adic physics (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 12th 2011...................94 A blind pilot: who is super-luminal observer? (D. Rabounski) Progress in Physics Vol.2, 2008................126 Scientist deduced the existence of particles with faster-than-light speeds recently discovered by CERN. (I. Patrascu) Progress in Physics Vol.4, 20...

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This book contains 23 papers, most of which were written by participants to the fifth International Conference on Number Theory and Smarandache Notions held in Shangluo University, China, in March, 2009. In this Conference, several professors gave a talk on Smarandache Notions and many participants lectured on them both extensively and intensively. All these papers are original and have been refereed. The themes of these papers range from the mean value or hybrid mean value of Smarandache type functions, the mean value of some famous number theroretic functions acting on the Smarandache sequences, to the convergence property of some infinite series involving the Smarandache type sequences. ...

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3. Remarks Sandor [2] has considered the problem of finding the S-perfect and completely S-perfect numbers, but his proof is not complete. He has proved that the only S-perfect of the form n = p q is n = 6 and there is no S-perfect number of the form n = 2kq where k ¸ 2 is an integer and q is an odd prime. On the other hand, Theorem 2.1 gives all the S-perfect numbers. Again, Sandor only proved that, the only completely S-perfect number of the form n = p2q is n = 28, and all completely S-perfect numbers are given by Theorem 2.2. Theorem 2.1 and Theorem 2.2 ¯nd respectively the S-perfect and completely S-perfect numbers when S(1) = 1. The situation is quite different if one adopts the convention that S(0) = 1. In the latter case, as has been proved by Gronas [3], all completely S-perfect numbers are n = p(prime), 9, 16, 24. All that is known about the S-perfect numbers is that, among the ¯rst 106 numbers, n = 12 is the only S-perfect number (see Ashbacher [4]). In exactly the same way, the Z-perfect and completely Z-perfect numbers may be defined. Thus, given an integer n, 1. ...

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J. Wang : An equation related to the Smarandache power function 1 X. Lu and J. Hu : On the F.Smarandache 3n-digital sequence 5 B. Cheng : An equation involving the Smarandache double factorial function and Euler function 8 A. A. K. Majumdar : S-perfect and completely S-perfect numbers 12 B. Zhao and S. Wang: Cyclic dualizing elements in Girard quantales 21 P. Chun and Y. Zhao : On an equation involving the Smarandache function and the Dirichlet divisor function 27 F. Li and Y. Wang : An equation involving the Euler function and the Smarandache m-th power residues function 31 H. Gunarto and A. Majumdar : On numerical values of Z(n) 34 K. Nagarajan, etc.: M-graphoidal path covers of a graph 58 H. Liu : On the cubic Gauss sums and its fourth power mean 68 A. A. K. Majumdar : On the dual functions Z¤(n) and S¤(n) 74 S. S. Gupta : Smarandache sequence of Ulam numbers 78 L. Li : A new Smarandache multiplicative function and its arithmetical properties 83 Y. Yang and X. Kang : A predator-prey epidemic model with infected predator 86 R. Fu and H. Yang : An equation involving the Lucas numbers 90 W. Yang : Two rings in IS-a...

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A book on Smarandache's achievements throughout his life time with a short history on his personal life.

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In the beginning, this international avant-garde was a mutism: to make literature by not writing literature at all!! (any mathematical/chemical/physical etc. abstract sign, any drawing, draft, picture, graffito (having no words, no letters) could mean a poem; the non-literature created became, paradoxically, a new kind of literature; later the paradoxism has generalized the old term of for the n-dimensional and other scientific (Lobacevsky, Riemann, Banach, etc.) spaces, thus a poem can be; an object, a being, a phenomenon, a status ... understandable in a universal language. And further, using mathematics and literature, he got to the Paradoxist Philosophy with the thesis that "Nothing is noncontradictorial" ....

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Abstract................................... 3 Biography Smarandache's wrong life........................ 4 As a mathematician............................ 6 Political reason to leave his native country............. 10 Smarandache Function......................... 20 Mathematical poems........................... 22 What is the paradoxism?........................ 23 Funny stories.............................. 25 Scientific activity Affiliations............................... 27 Mathematical books published.................... 27 Mathematical articles published................... 28 Contributions to many journals................... 32 Collective collections of mathematical problems books..... 33 Manuscripts............................... 33 International congresses of mathematics.............. 34 National seminars/colloquiums................... 34 Student mathematical competitions................. 35 Paintings................................... 37 Literary activity Affiliations............................... 38 The Paradoxist Literary Movement................. 39 Books written in English language................. 39...

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These ideas were either collected or inspired from author's various lectures of books, journals, newspapers, tv and radio shows, personal conversations. I started to write down such ideas since I was a high school student and continue even today - I always bear with me a small pen and small notebook where I write in the plane, or driving my car, or even in class room. Despite three decades of postponement, I hope this booklet will keep on inspiring the reader, as good ideas will always be worth to ponder....

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• Be competitive; • Don’t be panic, when under pressure; • Use probabilities (how much % you’re expected to produce); • Infiltrate in certain organizations; • To have power of influence; • Charm those who interact with you; • Be firm and fast in decisions; • To make a plan for a long period of time and subdivide it in smaller sub-plans for short periods of time...

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PREFACE ........................................ 3 CONTENTS......................................... 5 LIFE STRATEGIES 1. Best Tips for Life ...................................................... 6 2. Life Strategies in General Science..........................8 3. Life Strategies in Mathematics..............................11 4. Life Strategies in Medical Science .......................23 5. Life Strategies in Workplace & Social Life........28 6. Life Strategies in Personal Life .............................34 7. Life Strategies in General Arts .............................41 Appendix: Miscellaneous App.1. FS........................................ 54 App.2.American writing..............................................55 App3.The International Phonetic Alphabet.............67...

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Chapter 1 first introduces the interval neutrosophic sets which is an instance of neutrosophic sets. In this chapter, the definition of interval neutrosophic sets and set-theoretic operators are given and various properties of interval neutrosophic set are proved. Chapter 2 defines the interval neutrosophic logic based on interval neutrosophic sets including the syntax and semantics of first order interval neutrosophic propositional logic and first order interval neutrosophic predicate logic. The interval neutrosophic logic can reason and model fuzzy, incomplete and inconsistent information. In this chapter, we also design an interval neutrosophic inference system based on first order interval neutrosophic predicate logic. The interval neutrosophic inference system can be applied to decision making. Chapter 3 gives one application of interval neutrosophic sets and logic in the field of relational databases. Neutrosophic data model is the generalization of fuzzy data model and paraconsistent data model. Here, we generalize various set-theoretic and relation-theoretic operations of fuzzy data model to neutrosophic data model. Chapter ...

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The neutrosophic set generalizes the above mentioned sets from philosophical point of view. From scientific or engineering point of view, the neutrosophic set and set-theoretic operators need to be specified. Otherwise, it will be difficult to apply in the real applications. In this chapter, we de_ne the set theoretic operators on an instance of neutrosophic set called Interval Neutrosophic Set (INS). We call it as “interval" because it is subclass of neutrosophic set, that is we only consider the subunitary interval of [0; 1]....

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Preface iii 1 Interval Neutrosophic Sets 1 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Neutrosophic Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 Interval Neutrosophic Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4 Properties of Set-theoretic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.5 Convexity of Interval Neutrosophic Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.7 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2 Interval Neutrosophic Logic 21 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.2 Interval Neutrosophic Propositional Calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.2.1 Syntax of Interval Neutrosophic Propositional Calculus . . . . . . . . . 23 2.2.2 Semantics of Interval Neutrosophic Propositional Calculus . . . . . . . . . 24 2.2.3 Proof Theory of Interval Neutrosophic Propositional Calculus . . . . . . . . 25 2.3 Interval Neutrosophic Predicate Calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.3.1 Syntax of Interval Neutrosophic Predicate Cal...

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This book is organized into seven chapters. The first one is introductory in nature. In the second chapter authors give the unique and new way of analyzing the data which is time dependent. In chapter three the authors for the first time define the new concept of matrices with linguistic variables. In chapter four authors have used super matrices in super fuzzy models like super FCMs, super FRMs super FAMs etc. In chapter five we define interval matrix and matrix interval using the natural class of intervals, that is intervals of the form [a, b] where a b or a and b not comparable. In the final chapter we have defined the new notion of bimatrices and n-matrices. Using these new concepts we have constructed linear algebra of type I and linear algebra of type II. Using these matrices we can build n-eigen values and n-eigen vectors....

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Preface 5 Chapter One INTRODUCTION 7 Chapter Two AVERAGE TIME DEPENDENT (ATD) DATA MATRIX 9 Chapter Three FUZZY LINGUISTIC MATRICES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 43 Chapter Four SUPERMATRICES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 65 Chapter Five INTERVAL MATRICES AND NATURAL CLASS OF INTERVALS 149 Chapter Six DSM MATRIX OF REFINED LABELS 203 Chapter Seven N-MATRICES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 205 FURTHER READING 217 INDEX 222 ABOUT THE AUTHORS 226...