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Excerpt: Treaty On European Union. A new stage in the process of European integration undertaken with the establishment of the European Communities.

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...f the European Union The Maastrict Treaty, 7th February, 1992. The Treaty of the European Union: The Maastrict Treaty – February 7, 1992 is a publica... ...e European Union: The Maastrict Treaty – February 7, 1992 is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furni... ...ity. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in a... ...be founded on the European Communities, supple- mented by the policies and forms of cooperation es- tablished by this Treaty. Its task shall be to org... ...the procedure referred to in Article N(2), to what extent the policies and forms of coopera- tion introduced by this Treaty may need to be revised wit... ...hereof. The European Council shall bring together the Heads of State or of Government of the Member States and the President of the Commission. They s... ...all respect the national identities of its Member States, whose systems of government are founded on the principles of democracy. 2. The Union shall r... ...zation of leg- islation concerning turnover taxes, excise duties and other forms of indirect taxation to the extent that such harmonization is necessa... ...nal central banks”) in favour of Community institutions or bodies, central governments, regional, local or other public authorities, other bodies gove...

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... Statesman by Plato, trans. Benjamin Jowett is a publication of the Pennsylvania State Univer- sity. This Portable Document file is f... ... sity. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in... ...Editor, Hazleton, PA 18201-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of lit... ..., satyrs, and other ani- mals of a feebler sort, who are ever changing their forms and natures. But, as in the later dialogues generally , the play of... ...he gods resume their care of mankind. In a secondary sense, the true form of government is that which has scientific rulers, who are irresponsible to ... ...hem from the caprice of individuals. They are ready to accept any of the six forms of government which prevail in the world. To the Greek, nomos was a... ...the caprice of individuals. They are ready to accept any of the six forms of government which prevail in the world. To the Greek, nomos was a sacred w... ...marriage and supply the deficiencies of one another. As in the Republic, the government of philosophers, the causes of the perversion of states, the r... ...trast him with pre- tenders in the same line with him, under their vari- ous forms of government. (5) His characteristic is, that he alone has science...

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...Chapters XVI to XX by Baruch Spinoza, trans. R.H.M. Elwes is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furni... ...ity. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in a... ...itor, Hazleton, PA 18201-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of liter... ...mocracy: I have especially desired to do so, for I believe it to be of all forms of government the most natural, and the most consonant with individua... ...I have especially desired to do so, for I believe it to be of all forms of government the most natural, and the most consonant with individual liberty... ...main as they were in the state of nature, equals. This is the only form of government which I have treated of at length, for it is the one most akin t... ...of freedom in a state. I may pass over the fundamental principles of other forms of government, for we may gather from what has been said whence their... ...m in a state. I may pass over the fundamental principles of other forms of government, for we may gather from what has been said whence their right ar... ...his people be more hard of heart than others; was it by nature? But nature forms individuals, not peoples; the latter are only distinguishable by the ...

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...cerning Toleration by John Locke, trans. William Popple is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document File is furnis... ...sity. This Portable Document File is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in ... ...itor, Hazleton, PA 18201 1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of liter... ...it above all things necessary to distinguish exactly the business of civil government from that of religion and to settle the just bounds that lie bet... ...trate’s power extends not to the establishing of any articles of faith, or forms of worship, by the force of his laws. For laws are of no force at all... ...vil goods that he formerly possessed. All those things belong to the civil government and are under the magistrate’s protec tion. The whole force of ... ...metimes happens) comes to be of this or the other communion. For the civil government can give no new right to the church, nor the church to the civil...

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Excerpt: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith.

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...Contents INTRODUCTION AND PLAN OF THE WORK .......................................................................... 8 BOOK I OF THE CAUSES OF IMPROVEMENT IN THE PRODUCTIVE POWERS OF LABOUR, AND OF THE ORDER ACCORDING TO WHICH ITS PRODUCE IS NATURALLY DIS...

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...AN INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF THE WEALTH OF NATIONS by Adam Smith A PENN STATE ELECTRONIC CLASSICS SER... ...CTRONIC CLASSICS SERIES PUBLICATION An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith is a publication of the Pennsylvania... ...sity. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in a... ...casion to any great difference of talents. As it is this disposition which forms that difference of talents, so remarkable among men of different prof... ...ave been rather above than below the market rate. Before the late war, the government bor- rowed at three per cent.; and people of good credit in the ... ...ritory and the number of its people, is a richer country than England. The government there borrow at two per cent. and private people of good credit ... ..., and of the bye-laws which they might think proper to enact for their own government, belonged to the town-corporate in which they were established; ... ...o which it belongs, but from very distant coun- tries; and this, though it forms no exception from the general rule, has occasioned considerable varia... ...ed to have some anxiety about. The turn of mind which this habit naturally forms, follows him when he comes to think of the improvement of land. He em...

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...sorship would permit its performance, it might possibly help to set right-side-up the perverted conscience and re-invigorate the starved self-respect of our considerable class of loose-lived playgoers whose point of honor is to deride all official and conventional sermons....

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...D SHAW A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Publication The Shewing-Up of Blanco Posnet by George Bernard Shaw is a publication of the Pennsylvani... ...ity. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in a... ... or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. The Shewing-Up of Blanco Posnet by George Bernard Shaw, the Pennsylvania State University,... ...n commercial civi- lization that it is no longer difficult to convince our governments that something must be done, even to the extent of attempts at ... ...istra- tive departments were consuming miles of red tape in the correctest forms of activity, and that everything was for the best in the best of all ... ...y is in danger, and that the first duty of all parties, politi- cians, and governments is to save it. But as the ef- fect of this is to give governmen... ...n. Sec- ond, there was the Nonconformist conscience, hold- ing the Liberal Government responsible for the Com- mittee it had appointed, and holding al... ...ivine ordering of the universe and of the su- periority of monarchy to all forms of government may nevertheless quite consistently and conscientiously... ...y suppress heresy and chal- lenges to morality in their serious and avowed forms, but unintentionally gives the special protection of its official lic...

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...Introduction: Nicolo Machiavelli was born at Florence on 3rd May 1469. He was the second son of Bernardo di Nicolo Machiavelli, a lawyer of some repute, and of Bartolommea di Stefano Nelli, his wife. Both parents were members of the old Florentine nobility....

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... The Prince by Nicolo Machiavelli, trans. W. K. Marriott is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnis... ...sity. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in a... ...itor, Hazleton, PA 18202-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of lit- ... ...the public service. During his official career Florence was free under the government of a Republic, which lasted until 1512, when the Medici returned... ...contemporaries; yet they can- not be said to be out of date so long as the governments of Europe rely on material rather than on moral forces. Its his... ... of the uses which Machiavelli makes of them to illustrate his theories of government and conduct. Leaving out of consideration those maxims of state ... ...ing to the dis- crimination of the prince. And the first opinion which one forms of a prince, and of his understanding, is by observing the men he has... ...stands a collection of houses with a square to which the bank of the river forms one side. The Vitelli and Orsini having received orders to wait for t...

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...Excerpt: History. There is one mind common to all individual men. Every man is an inlet to the same and to all of the same. He that is once admitted to the right of reason is made a freeman of the whole estate. What Plato has thought, he may think; what a saint has felt, he may feel; what at any time has befallen any man, he can under...

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...LASSICS SERIES PUBLICATION Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Por- table Document file is furn... ...ty. This Por- table Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in a... ...itor, Hazleton, PA 18201-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of liter... ...or empires, but know that he is greater than all the geography and all the government of the world; he must transfer the point of view from which hist... ... a cloud or the air, why should we be such hard pedants, and magnify a few forms? Why should we make account of time, or of magnitude, or of figure? T... ...ch is always and never the same. She casts the same thought into troops of forms, as a poet makes twenty fables with one moral. Through the bruteness ... ...in in sculpture, the “tongue on the balance of expression,” a multitude of forms in the utmost freedom of action and never trans- gressing the ideal s... ... the length of the day, the wants of the people, the habit and form of the government, he will create a house in which all these will find themselves ... ...ence with them. And so the reliance on Property, including the reliance on governments which protect it, is the want of self- reliance. Men have looke...

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Excerpt: The Subjection of Women by John Stuart Mill.

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...Originally published 1869 THE SUBJECTION OF WOMEN BY JOHN STUART MILL The Subjection of Women by John Stuart Mill ... ...TUART MILL The Subjection of Women by John Stuart Mill is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document File is furnis... ...sity. This Portable Document File is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in ... ...to command and women are under an obligation obey, or that men are fit for government and women unfit, on the affirmative side of the question, and th... ... of a conscientious comparison between different modes of constituting the government of society; if, after trying various other modes of social organ... ...f society; if, after trying various other modes of social organisation—the government of women over men, equality between the two, and such mixed and ... ...e subject must see that even if it is, it was certain to outlast all other forms of unjust authority. And when some of the grossest of the other forms... ...rison cannot fairly be made between the government of the male sex and the forms of unjust power which I have adduced in illustra tion of it, since t... ...ese from any worthy representatives of the human species, how many are the forms and gradations of animalism and selfishness, often under an outward v...

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Preface: Androcles and the Lion. On the Prospects of Christianity by George Bernard Shaw.

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...Contents PREFACE ON THE PROSPECTS OF CHRISTIANITY............................................................. 7 WHY NOT GIVE CHRISTIANITY A TRIAL? ........................................................................................................ 7 WHY ...

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...PREFACE TO ANDROCLES AND THE LION: ON THE PROSPECTS OF CHRISTIANITY By George Bernard Shaw 1912 A Penn State Electronic Classic... ...cs Series Publication Preface to Androcles and the Lion: On the Prospects of Christianity by George Bernard Shaw is a publication of the Pennsylvania... ...ity. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in a... ...order, however corrupt that order might be, by people with no knowledge of government and no power to construct political machin- ery to carry out the... ... to the religion of Luther and Calvin. And it must be said for the earlier forms that they involved very real sac- rifices. The sacrifice was not alwa... ...ll. In the Koran we find Mahomet driven more and more to this expedient of government; and experience confirms his evident belief that it is impossibl... ...e practical importance today is that be expressly repudiates the idea that forms of religion, once rooted, can be weeded out and replanted with the fl... ...f what we call law and order as machinery for robbing the poor under legal forms; that he thought domestic ties a snare for the soul; that he agreed w... ...hemselves up since the time of Jesus. In politics it defeats every form of government except that of a necessarily corrupt oligarchy. Democracy in the...

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...The Republic by Plato This electronic book is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University s Electronic Classics Series, Jim Mani... ...Series, Jim Manis, Faculty Editor The Republic by Plato is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document File is furnis... ...sity. This Portable Document File is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in ... ...pleasures and desires into necessary and unnecessary—these and other great forms of thought are all of them to be found in the Republic, and were prob... ...this world and would quickly degenerate. To the perfect ideal succeeds the government of the soldier and the lover of honor, this again declining into... ... ideal kingdom of phi Plato’s The Republic 6 losophy, of which all other governments are the perversions. These two points of view are really oppose... ...second thing, not the direct aim but the indirect consequence of the good government of a State. In the discussion about religion and mythology, Ade... ...t you would be a little clearer. Well, he said, have you never heard that forms of govern ment differ; there are tyrannies, and there are democraci... ...power in each state? Plato’s The Republic 27 Certainly. And the different forms of government make laws demo cratical, aristocratical, tyrannical, ...

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...ion War and Peace – Epilogues One and Two by Leo Tolstoy is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furni... ...ity. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in a... ...itor, Hazleton, PA 18201-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of liter... ... activity of all those who opposed the tendency that then prevailed in the government— an activity that in the opinion of the historians was good and ... ...he scene till he is no longer there. On his return from Italy he finds the government in Paris in a process of dissolution in which all those who are ... ...itted so successfully, he reaches Paris, the dissolution of the republican government, which a year earlier might have ruined him, has reached its ext... ...r, and all men as if by agreement co-operate to confirm that power. Chance forms the characters of the rulers of France, who submit to him; chance for... ...ective crimes—make war, commit murder, and so on? With the present complex forms of political and social life in Europe can any event that is not pres... ...t that he wills, that is, is conscious of his volition. But his will—which forms the essence of his life—man recognizes (and can but recognize) as fre...

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...my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost; and is found.? He was lost by the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps. He was officially dead as a result of official misinformation....

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...tion The Enormous Room by E.(Edward) E.(Estlin) Cummings is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnis... ...sity. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in a... ...ty Editor, Hazleton, PA 18202 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of liter... ...dead as a result of official misinformation. He was entombed by the French Government. It took the better part of three months to find him and bring h... ... your atten- tion a crime against American citizenship in which the French Government has persisted for many weeks—in spite of constant appeals made t... ...t this letter told where to look for the missing boys—something the French government either could not or would not disclose, in spite of constant pre... ...s?” I said “yes.” “How long?” “A month, while we were waiting for our uni- forms.” A significant look by Monsieur, which is echoed by his confrères. L... ...ably into the night. Nor had we gone a half hour before several dark squat forms confronted us: houses. I decided that I did not like houses—particula... ... but one end—the production in ourselves of a similar emotion; through two forms of punishment, which supplied said subordinates with a weapon over an...

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...ts ...................................................................................................................................... 12 The Ring of the Niblungs ............................................................................................................................................. 14 The Rhine Gold ....................................................

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...Commentary on the Niblung’s Ring by George Bernard Shaw is a publica- tion of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furni... ...ity. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in a... ...itor, Hazleton, PA 18202-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of liter... ...tions, the discontented middle class, unable to rouse the Churchand- State governments of the day from their bondage to custom, caste, and law by appe... ...trary, the world is waiting for Man to redeem it from the lame and cramped government of the gods. Once grasp that; and the allegory becomes simple en... ...weakness. This process secures their fanatical de- votion to his system of government, but he knows perfectly well that such systems, in spite of thei... ...g from within, by its own inexplicable energy, into ever higher and higher forms of organization, the strengths and the needs of which are continually... ...- tion, or an imitation. It is an error to look on this as only one of the forms in which love is revealed, as if there were other 87 Shaw forms coeq... ...cal eight-bar staves and the like, has always been the rule in the highest forms of music. To describe it, or be affected by it, as an abandonment of ...

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...Contents ON CHRISTIANITY, AS AN ORGAN OF POLITICAL MOVEMENT..................................4 PROTESTANTISM............................................................................................................... 39 ON THE SUPPOSED SCRIPTURAL EXPRESSION FO...

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...THEOLOGICAL ESSAYS AND OTHER PAPERS BY THOMAS DE QUINCEY A A A A AUTHOR OF UTHOR OF UTHOR OF UTHOR OF UTHOR OF C C C C CONFESSIONS OF AN ENGLISH OP... ...UTHOR OF UTHOR OF UTHOR OF C C C C CONFESSIONS OF AN ENGLISH OP ONFESSIONS OF AN ENGLISH OP ONFESSIONS OF AN ENGLISH OP ONFESSIONS OF AN ENGLISH OP ON... ...LISH OP ONFESSIONS OF AN ENGLISH OP ONFESSIONS OF AN ENGLISH OP ONFESSIONS OF AN ENGLISH OPIUM-EA IUM-EA IUM-EA IUM-EA IUM-EATER TER TER TER TER, ET ,... ...nial worship, in that case there can be no opening for a book; because the forms and details publish themselves daily, in the celebration of the worsh... ...ractical precepts, and the moral commentary coming after even the grossest forms of worship, or the most revolting mythological legends, might have op... ...ed great doctrines, truths positive and directly avowed: whereas, in Pagan forms of religion, any notices which then were, or seemed to be, of circums... ...to the reasonableness of their yoke. They were compelled to acquiesce in a government which they did not regard as just. The gods were stronger, but n... ... concurring to any war which might other- wise be attractive to the French government. 32 Theological Essays and Other Papers – V olume One have been... ...cratic, yet, on the other hand, never developed the idea of representative government, either as applied to legislation or to administration? The elec...

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........................ 76 KATE?S PASSAGE OVER THE ANDES ................................................................................... 102 FLIGHT OF A TARTAR TRIBE.................................................................................................. 140 Volume Two ................................................................. 189 SYSTEM OF THE HEAVENS AS...

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... Narrative and Miscellaneous Papers by Thomas de Quincey is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnis... ...sity. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in a... ...ty Editor, Hazleton, PA 18202 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of liter... ...r this nervous apprehensiveness, I continued to shape into images of Agnes forms without end, that upon nearer approach presented the most grotesque c... ...ves during the critical period from the office which corresponded with the government; for, as I have said, the affair took place in a large provincia... ...the court remained, who were too much harassed by applications for various forms and papers con- nected with the routine of public business, and by ot... ... dispersing, just as the realities of life are re-assuming their steadfast forms—re-shaping themselves—and settling anew into those fixed relations wh... ...question, Whether the prosecution were one of mere malice or not? The very government of the land was reported to be equally interested, and almost eq... ...of popular opinion made itself heard with a louder and a louder sound. The government itself began to be disturbed; the ministers of the sovereign wer...

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...A Treatise on Parents and Children by George Bernard Shaw is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furni... ...ity. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in a... ...or, Hazleton, PA 18202-1291 is a Portable Docu- ment File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of liter... ...evented from exposing on the stage by the Censorship twenty years ago) the Government yielded to an outcry for flagellation led by the Archbishop of C... ...ho might have kept their sanity had they been al- lowed to read much lower forms of literature. The practical moral is that we must read whatever stor... ...Providence. It is “The Machine”: the machine that has no god in it. Why do governments do nothing in spite of reports of Royal Commissions that establ... ...ildren The Provocation to Anarchism WHAT IS VALID in Anarchism is that all Governments try to simplify their task by destroying liberty and glorifying...

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...lication Resurrection by Leo Tolstoy, trans. Louis Maude is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furni... ...ity. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in a... ...itor, Hazleton, PA 18201-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of liter... ...r own devices for enslaving one another. Thus, in the prison office of the Government town, it was not the fact that men and animals had received the ... ...ghly-paved street. Isvostchiks [cabmen], tradespeople, cooks, workmen, and government clerks, stopped and looked curiously at the prisoner; some shook... ...housands of women, and which is not merely tolerated but sanctioned by the Government, anxious for the welfare of its subjects; a life which for nine ... ..., “I can,” and the sex-feel- ing, taking the most unexpected and brightest forms, drew them to each other. As she was going away she told him that she... ...ovodvoroff’s follower, Markel Kondratieff, should not alter the elementary forms of the life of the people, should not break down the whole edifice, b... ...th a vicious frown. “Shall we first educate the people and then change the forms of life, or first change the forms and then struggle, using peaceful ...

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...er dinner on a January night, in the library in Lady Britomart Undershaft?s house in Wilton Crescent. A large and comfortable settee is in the middle of the room, upholstered in dark leather. A person sitting on it [it is vacant at present] would have, on his right, Lady Britomart?s writing table, with the lady herself busy at it; a smaller writing table behind him on his ...

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...eries Publication Major Barbara G(eorge) B(ernard) Shaw is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnis... ...sity. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in a... ...itor, Hazleton, PA 18202-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of liter... ...d, on the right, a penthouse shielding a table from the weather. There are forms at the table; and on them are seated a man and a woman, both much dow... ...spect due to you as my father. I am an Englishman; and I will not hear the Government of my coun- try insulted. [He thrusts his hands in his pockets, ... ... angrily across to the window]. UNDERSHAFT [with a touch of brutality] The government of your country! I am the government of your country: I, and Laz... ...y get the courage to kill; and your six hundred and seventy fools become a government. Your pious mob fills up ballot papers and imagines it is gov- e...

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...Up from Slavery: An Autobiography by Booker T. Washington is a publication of the Pennsyl- vania State University. This Portable Document file is fur... ...ity. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in a... ...or, Hazleton, PA 18201-1291 is a Por- table Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of liter... ...on, and, besides, it was recognized and protected for years by the General Government. Having once got its tentacles fastened on to the economic and s... ...econstruction period our people throughout the South looked to the Federal Government for everything, very much as a child looks to its mother. 58 UP... ...oks to its mother. 58 UP FROM SLAVERY This was not unnatural. The central government gave them freedom, and the whole Nation had been enriched for mo... ... paid by the President and his Cabinet to your work was none too high, and forms a most encouraging augury, I think, for the future prosper- ity of yo... ...ool, in which a number of students are prepared for the ministry and other forms of Christian work, espe- cially work in the country districts. What i...