Excerpt Details
Excerpt: Emma Woodhouse. Handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her....

Excerpt Details
Excerpt: Several of us, all more or less connected with the sea, were dining in a small river-hostelry not more than thirty miles from London, and less than twenty from that shallow and dangerous puddle to which our coasting men give the grandiose name of ?German Ocean.? And through the wide windows we had a view of the Thames; an enfilading view down the Lower Hope Reach. But the dinner was execrable, and all the feast was for the eyes....

Description Details
Published in 1920, Slosson’s Easy Lessons in Einstein is one of the first popularizations of Einstein’s theory of relativity. This book is meant to convey to the general reader the ideas of relativity in non-mathematical terms, by the use of thought experiements and pop-cultural references of the day. This edition also includes a short article by Einstein on Time, Space and Gravitation. (Summary by JoeD)...

Excerpt Details
Instruction, Nature, Science

Excerpt Details
Excerpt: Prelude; Who that cares much to know the history of man, and how the mysterious mixture behaves under the varying experiments of Time, has not dwelt, at least briefly, on the life of Saint Theresa, has not smiled with some gentleness at the thought of the little girl walking forth one morning hand-in-hand with her still smaller brother, to go and seek martyrdom in the country of the Moors? Out they toddled from rugged Avila, wide-eyed and helpless-looking as two fawns, but with human hearts, already beating to a national idea; until domestic reality met them in the shape of uncles, and turned them back from their great resolve. That child pilgrimage was a fit beginning. Theresa?s passionate, ideal nature demanded an epic life: what were many-volumed romances of chivalry and the social conquests of a brilliant girl to her? Her flame quickly burned up that light fuel; and, fed from within, soared after some illimitable satisfaction, some object which would never justify weariness, which would reconcile self-despair with the rapturous consciousness of life beyond self. She found her epos in the reform of a religious order....

Table of Contents Details
Table of Contents: Book I ?Miss Brooke, 1 -- Prelude, 1 -- Chapter I., 3 -- Chapter II., 10 -- Chapter III., 16 -- Chapter IV., 25 -- Chapter V., 31 -- Chapter VI., 38 -- Chapter VII., 47 -- Chapter VIII., 51 -- Chapter IX., 55 -- Chapter X., 65 -- Chapter XI., 74 -- Chapter XII., 82 -- Book II ?Old and Young., 97 -- Chapter XIII., 97 -- Chapter XIV., 104 -- Chapter XV., 113 -- Chapter XVI., 124 -- Chapter XVII., 135 -- Chapter XVIII., 142 -- Chapter XIX., 151 -- Chapter XX., 154 -- Chapter XXI., 164 -- Chapter XXII., 170 -- Book III?Waiting For Death., 183 -- Chapter XXIII., 183 -- Chapter XXIV., 192...

Description Details
A BRIEF HISTORY OF EVERYTHING: Quarks, Leptons and the Big Bang is a clear, readable and self – contained introduction to chaos of physics and related areas of science. It bridges the gap and addresses the questions that are of interest to us all or at least to all of us reading this book and lead us to study science in the first place. The book concentrates on presenting the subject from the understanding perspective of physics and brings the reader right up to date with curious aspects of physics established over the last few centuries. Necessary background information on physics is included but advanced mathematics is avoided. The book assumes science a journey not a destination and the advance of knowledge is an infinite progression towards a goal that forever recedes. This book will be of interest to students, teachers and general science readers interested in fundamental ideas of physics. ...

Excerpt Details
In a lecture that Einstein gave to the Prussian Academy of Sciences in 1921, he said the following: "Geometry predicates nothing about relations of real things, but only geometry together with the purport of physical laws can do so... The idea of the measuring rod and the idea of the clock contained with it in the theory of relativity do not find their exact correspondence in the real world. It is also clear that the solid body and the clock do not in the conceptual edifice of physics play the part of irreducible elements, but that of composite structures, which may not play any independent part in theoretical physics." / Einstein then went on to say that, in spite of the foregoing comment, we should temporarily support the use of the length and time transformations as though they were physically real....

Table of Contents Details
Preface. 5 -- About the cover 9 -- Welcome from Campus President, DrRaul Ramirez. 10 -- Registrants/Attendees. 11 -- Keynotes. 12 -- The light barrier: its construction and demolition. 14 -- Jim Malmberg. 17 -- DrDavid Iadevaia. 25 -- DrLarissa BBorrisova & Dmitri DRabounski. 29 -- DrFlorentin Smarandache. 36 -- Greg Holmberg AKA BBash. 43 -- Homer BTilton. 83 -- Credits . 100 -- Photos. 101 --...

Description Details
Sidelights on Relativity contains ETHER AND THE THEORY OF RELATIVITY, an address delivered on May 5th, 1920, in the University of Leyden; and GEOMETRY AND EXPERIENCE, an expanded form of an address to the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin on January 27th, 1921. (Intro from Project Gutenberg)...

Excerpt Details
Nature, Science

Description Details
After several years working on a treatise putting forth his mechanistic philosophy and physics, Descartes shelved the project when his contemporary, Galileo, was charged with heresy. That work, The World, was only published after Descartes’ death. It seems that Descartes must have had this, in part at least, in mind when writing his more famous philosophical works. This is especially clear in the Meditations , not only in the obsequiousness of the Letter of Dedication, but also in the specific mode of argument, which does not seek merely to found science upon grounds acceptable to religious authority, but to specifically found a mathematical science; one which clearly privileges mathematical demonstrations even over common sense judgments based upon everyday and constant experience. His Copernicanism, put forth posthumously in The World, would require just such a defense. The Meditations are a central work of early modern philosophy, and play a crucial role in the conceptual development of basic perspectives and problems in the Western tradition, including substance dualism, external world skepticism, and the modern notion of the su...

Excerpt Details
Philosophy

Description Details
A line of thought explored herein is the correspondence between cosmological phenomena and condensed matter physics, and therefore we can think that the quantization of orbit distances can be caused by superfluid helium quantization. This issue is explored by F. Smarandache and V. Christianto. Moreover, F. Smarandache also discusses possible new era of research that is pertaining to superluminal physics and instantaneous physics. Ion Patrascu and D. Rabounski discuss superluminality from their perspectives. And M. Pereira discusses his Hypergeometrical Universe model....

Table of Contents Details
Preface III Contents IV Planetary orbits in Solar and Extrasolar systems (A. Rubcic & J. Rubcic) Fizika A, 19 no.3, 2010...................1 Areal velocities of planets and their comparison (P. Pintr, V. Per\inova% , A. Luks\) unpubl. 2011...................15 Distribution of distances in solar system (P. Pintr, V. Perinova , A. Luks) Chaos , Soliton, Fractals 2007...................27 New cosmological model of universe and possible quantization of the Hubble parameter (P.Pintr) unpublished paper, Dec. 2011...................39 Do we really understand the solar system? (M. Pitkanen) Nov. 27th 2011...................50 Inflation and TGD (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 10th 2011...................70 QCD and TGD (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 19th 2011...................78 Quantum arithmetics and the relationship between real and p-adic physics (M. Pitkanen) Dec. 12th 2011...................94 A blind pilot: who is super-luminal observer? (D. Rabounski) Progress in Physics Vol.2, 2008................126 Scientist deduced the existence of particles with faster-than-light speeds recently discovered by CERN. (I. Patrascu) Progress in Physics Vol.4, 20...

Description Details
The Theory Of Interpretive Relativity: A Unified Map Of Literary Theory is a comprehensive study organizing and mapping all literary interpretive theory, from classical philosophy to postmodern theory, into one formulaic model. Interpretive Relativity uses, for its method of organizational strategy, the philosophy of relativism to explain how all theoretical interpretation compliment one another rather than contradict one another. This thesis uses extensive graphs and illustrations to aid in the visualization of how mapping theoretical interpretations is possible. The piece of literature, work of art, that is used through out the study is Shakespeare’s Hamlet. In other words, this thesis show how the philosophy of Einstein’s general theory of relativity could be applied to Hamlet....

Excerpt Details
“The long concatenations of simple and easy reasoning which geometricians use in achieving their most difficult demonstrations gave me occasion to imagine that all matters which may enter the human mind were interrelated in the same fashion.” -- René Descartes ...

Table of Contents Details
I. INTRODUCTION: MATHEMATICAL CONSTRUCT STRATEGIES FOR GRAPHING LITERARY INTERPRETATION THEORIES INTO A VISUAL FIGURE, DEFINING TERMS 1 II. MAPPING LITERARY THEORY: DEFINING THE BODY OF LITERATURE, Ln, AND MESSAGE, EMBODIED IN ART, Ln 10 III. FORMING THE X AXIS: SETTING VALUES FOR X AS SIGN, SIGNIFICATION, AND SIGNAL (X1, X2, X3) 18 X1: Sign, Encoding Meaning 21 X2: Signification: The Three Aspects to the Value X2, Concept in a Medium, X21, X22, X23 23 X3: Signal, Decoding Meaning Plotting the 2s OF B’s X31, X32, X33 30 IV. FORMING THE Y AXIS: THE AUDIENCE’S INFINITE MULTIFARIOUS “REALIZATION” 36 The Search for 1: The Messenger and the Author 38 Y 1: The Author’s text 45 Y 2: The Text 50 Y 3: The World 54 Y 4: The Reader 57 V. FORMING THE Z AXIS: VALUES FOR Z, APPLIED RHETORICAL IDEOLOGY 65 Z 1: Marxist Literary Criticism 67 Z 2: Deconstruction Criticism 71 Z 3: Multicultural Literary Criticism 77 Z 4: Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism 80 Z 5: Liberation Literary Criticism 84 VI. CONCLUSION 87...

Description Details
The question is, will we ever know if there are objects outside of the detectable universe radiating in wave length longer than CBR? We only measure the universe with visual radiations. Doesn't it seem that the age of the universe is determined by the size of our telescope? Nevertheless, there are activities of elementary particles which can not be detected by us? Isn't' it impossible to picture how far some active objects, say neutrinos, can be other than infinite. ...

Excerpt Details
Suppose we have perfect telescope that is limitless in range; And, we don't see anything when we look pass all objects; Can we say we have reached the edge of the Space or Universe? Or, there is infinity beyond Space? ...

Table of Contents Details
1 Introduction 1 2 Probability Function of Doppler Effect 3 NED’s Redshift Survey Database 4 Estimate Age of The Universe Based On NED Database 5 Cosmic Background Radiation 6 Can We Really Tell The Size & Age of The Universe? 7 Appendix II: Accumulated Probability Distribution References...

Description Details
Aims and Scope: The International J.Mathematical Combinatorics (ISSN 1937-1055) is a fully refereed international journal, and published quarterly comprising 100-150 pages approx. per volume, which publishes original research papers and survey articles in all aspects of Smarandache multi-spaces, Smarandache geometries, mathematical combinatorics, non-euclidean geometry and topology and their applications to other sciences. Topics in detail to be covered are: Smarandache multi-spaces with applications to other sciences, such as those of algebraic multi-systems, multi-metric spaces,. . . , etc.. Smarandache geometries; Differential Geometry; Geometry on manifolds; Topological graphs; Algebraic graphs; Random graphs; Combinatorial maps; Graph and map enumeration; Combinatorial designs; Combinatorial enumeration; Low Dimensional Topology; Differential Topology; Topology of Manifolds; Geometrical aspects of Mathematical Physics and Relations with Manifold Topology; Applications of Smarandache multi-spaces to theoretical physics; Applications of Combinatorics to mathematics and theoretical physics; Mathematical theory on gravitatio...

Excerpt Details
Duality Theorems of Multiobjective Generalized Disjunctive Fuzzy Nonlinear Fractional Programming Abstract: This paper is concerned with the study of duality conditions to convex-concave generalized multiobjective fuzzy nonlinear fractional disjunctive programming problems for which the decision set is the union of a family of convex sets. The Lagrangian function for such problems is defined and the Kuhn-Tucker Saddle and Stationary points are characterized. In addition, some important theorems related to the Kuhn-Tucker problem for saddle and stationary points are established. Moreover, a general dual problem is formulated together with weak; strong and converse duality theorems are proved. Key Words: Generalized multiobjective fractional programming; Disjunctive programming; Convexity; Concavity; fuzzy parameters Duality. ...

Table of Contents Details
Contents Duality Theorems of Multiobjective Generalized Disjunctive Fuzzy Nonlinear Fractional Programming BY E.E.AMMAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01 Surface Embeddability of Graphs via Joint Trees BY YANPEI LIU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Plick Graphs with Crossing Number 1 BY B.BASAVANAGOUD AND V.R.KULLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Effects of Foldings on Free Product of Fundamental Groups BY M.El-GHOUL, A. E.El-AHMADY, H.RAFAT AND M.ABU-SALEEM. . . . . . . 29 Absolutely Harmonious Labeling of Graphs BY M.SEENIVASAN AND A.LOURDUSAMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 The Toroidal Crossing Number of K4n BY SHENGXIANG LV, TANG LING AND YUANGQIU HUANG . . . . . . . . . . 52 On Pathos Semitotal and Total Block Graph of a Tree BY MUDDEBIHAL M. H. AND SYED BABAJAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Varieties of Groupoids and Quasigroups Generated by Linear-Bivariate Polynomials Over Ring Zn BY E.ILOJIDE, T.G.JAIYEOLA AND O.O.OWOJORI . . . . . 79 New Characterizations for Bertrand Curves in Minkowski 3-Space BY BAHADDIN BUKCU, MURAT K...

Description Details
Aims and Scope: The International J.Mathematical Combinatorics (ISSN 1937-1055) is a fully refereed international journal, and published quarterly comprising 100-150 pages approx. per volume, which publishes original research papers and survey articles in all aspects of Smarandache multi-spaces, Smarandache geometries, mathematical combinatorics, non-euclidean geometry and topology and their applications to other sciences. Topics in detail to be covered are: Smarandache multi-spaces with applications to other sciences, such as those of algebraic multi-systems, multi-metric spaces,. . . , etc.. Smarandache geometries; Differential Geometry; Geometry on manifolds; Topological graphs; Algebraic graphs; Random graphs; Combinatorial maps; Graph and map enumeration; Combinatorial designs; Combinatorial enumeration; Low Dimensional Topology; Differential Topology; Topology of Manifolds; Geometrical aspects of Mathematical Physics and Relations with Manifold Topology; Applications of Smarandache multi-spaces to theoretical physics; Applications of Combinatorics to mathematics and theoretical physics; Mathematical theory on gravitatio...

Excerpt Details
x4: Radio labeling of P3n for n is less than or equal to 5 or n = 7 In this section we determine radio numbers of cube path of small order as a special case....

Description Details
Aims and Scope: The International J.Mathematical Combinatorics (ISSN 1937-1055) is a fully refereed international journal, and published quarterly comprising 100-150 pages approx. per volume, which publishes original research papers and survey articles in all aspects of Smarandache multi-spaces, Smarandache geometries, mathematical combinatorics, non-euclidean geometry and topology and their applications to other sciences. Topics in detail to be covered are: Smarandache multi-spaces with applications to other sciences, such as those of algebraic multi-systems, multi-metric spaces,. . . , etc.. Smarandache geometries; Differential Geometry; Geometry on manifolds; Topological graphs; Algebraic graphs; Random graphs; Combinatorial maps; Graph and map enumeration; Combinatorial designs; Combinatorial enumeration; Low Dimensional Topology; Differential Topology; Topology of Manifolds; Geometrical aspects of Mathematical Physics and Relations with Manifold Topology; Applications of Smarandache multi-spaces to theoretical physics; Applications of Combinatorics to mathematics and theoretical physics; Mathematical theory on gravitatio...

Table of Contents Details
Contents Tangent Space and Derivative Mapping on Time Scale BY EMIN ¨OZYILMAZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01 Basic Properties Of Second Smarandache Bol Loops BY T.G.JA´IY´E O. L´A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Smarandachely Precontinuous maps and Preopen Sets in Topological Vector Spaces BY SAYED ELAGAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Path Double Covering Number of Product Graphs BY A. NAGARAJAN, V. MAHESWARI, S. NAVANEETHAKRISHNAN. . . . . . 27 Some Remarks on Fuzzy N-Normed Spaces BY SAYED ELAGAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 σ-Coloring of the Monohedral Tiling BY M. E. BASHER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 The Forcing Domination Number of Hamiltonian Cubic Graphs BY H.ABDOLLAHZADEH AHANGAR AND PUSHPALATHA L. . . . . . . . . . 53 Permutation Polynomials modulo n, n 6= 2w and Latin Squares BY VADIRAJA BHATTA G. R. and SHANKAR B. R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Graphoidal Tree d - Cover BY S.SOMASUNDARAM, A.NAGARAJAN AND G.MA...

Description Details
Progress in Physics has been created for publications on advanced studies in theoretical and experimental physics, including related themes from mathematics. All submitted papers should be professional, in good English, containing a brief review of a problem and obtained results. All submissions should be designed in LATEX format using Progress in Physics template. This template can be downloaded from Progress in Physics home page http://www.geocities.com/ptep_online. Abstract and the necessary information about author(s) should be included into the papers. To submit a paper, mail the file(s) to Chief Editor. All submitted papers should be as brief as possible. Short articles are preferable. All that has been accepted for the online issue of Progress in Physics is printed in the paper version of the journal. To order printed issues, contact Chief Editor. This journal is non-commercial, academic edition. It is printed from private donations....

Excerpt Details
According to the Dictionary of Mathematics (Borowski and Borwein, 1991 [1]), the paradox is “an apparently absurd or self-contradictory statement for which there is prima facie support, or an explicit contradiction derived from apparently unexceptionable premises”....

Description Details
Aims and Scope: The International J.Mathematical Combinatorics (ISSN 1937-1055) is a fully refereed international journal, and published quarterly comprising 100-150 pages approx. per volume, which publishes original research papers and survey articles in all aspects of Smarandache multi-spaces, Smarandache geometries, mathematical combinatorics, non-euclidean geometry and topology and their applications to other sciences. Topics in detail to be covered are: Smarandache multi-spaces with applications to other sciences, such as those of algebraic multi-systems, multi-metric spaces,. . . , etc.. Smarandache geometries; Differential Geometry; Geometry on manifolds; Topological graphs; Algebraic graphs; Random graphs; Combinatorial maps; Graph and map enumeration; Combinatorial designs; Combinatorial enumeration; Low Dimensional Topology; Differential Topology; Topology of Manifolds; Geometrical aspects of Mathematical Physics and Relations with Manifold Topology; Applications of Smarandache multi-spaces to theoretical physics; Applications of Combinatorics to mathematics and theoretical physics; Mathematical theory on gravitatio...

Excerpt Details
On (∈ vq)-Fuzzy Bigroup Abstract: In this paper, we introduce the concept of fuzzy singleton to bigroup, and uses it to define (∈ v q)- fuzzy bigroup and discuss its properties. We investigate whether or not the fuzzy point of a bigroup will belong to or quasi coincident with its fuzzy set if the constituent fuzzy points of the constituting subgroups both belong to or quasi coincident with their respective fuzzy sets, and vise versa. We also prove that a fuzzy bisubset μ is an (∈ vq)-fuzzy subbigroup of the bigroup G if its constituent fuzzy subsets are (∈ vq)-fuzzy subgroups of their respective subgroups among others. Key Words: Bigroups, fuzzy bigroups, fuzzy singleton on bigroup, (∈ vq)- fuzzy subgroups, (∈ vq)- fuzzy bigroup ...

Table of Contents Details
Contents On (∈ vq)- Fuzzy Bigroup BY AKINOLA L.S. and AGBOOLA A.A.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01 Connectivity of Smarandachely Line Splitting Graphs BY B.BASAVANAGOUD and VEENA MATHAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08 Separation for Triple-Harmonic Di?erential Operator in Hilbert Space BY E.M.E.ZAYED and S.A.OMRAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Classification of Differentiable Graph BY A. El-Abed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 On Equitable Coloring of Helm Graph and Gear Graph BY KALIRAJ.K and VERNOLD VIVIN.J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 On the Roman Edge Domination Number of a Graph BY K. EBADI, E. KHODADADI and L. PUSHPALATHA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 The Upper Monophonic Number of a Graph BY J.JOHN and S.PANCHALI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Some Results on Pair Sum Labeling of Graphs BY R. PONRAJ, J.VIJAYA XAVIER PARTHIPAN and R.KALA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Weierstrass Formula for Minimal Surface in the Special Three-Dimensional Kenmotsu Manifold K with _-...

Description Details
This book will take you on a journey, through the eyes and minds of two unlikely heroes. These two amazing, inventive & creative young souls find adventure & create solutions through the use of mathematics, "Om technology", and sharo-logical edutainment as well as creating a multitude of "Harmless but helpful inventions that assist themselves & those that they meet. These heroes make friends where ever they may go while solving many of what some may call "the worlds problems" along the way. This dynamic duo as well as their amazing group of friends find as much joy in Action sports as they do in listening to all of the great adventures of people that have been alive many more years then them. Love, respect, caring, self-confidence,responsibility and joy are the tools of their trade, and they believe that all people can be truly amazing! Get your copy of "An Essential Book of Good" here today so you can feel, and be even more amazing today!...

Excerpt Details
"There were no great walls that could stop a free thinking minds path". One just has to simply do the math, create a plan and then just actually commit, and then do whatever the task". "If one was to study the magic of Mathematics or the physics of lifting off, one could create solutions to even inventing a flying skate-snow or surfboard that levitates effortlessly without even the slightest of sounds"....

Table of Contents Details
Introduction 1) Essential Fabric & Style 2) Fish Faith 3) Life Keys for you & me 4) A Gift for you 5) Then and Now 6) Strange Days 7) Dream Seeds 8) The Great Storm 9) A Brand New Day 10) A friend in Need is a Friend Indeed 11) Success with Persistence ~ The Golden Envelope...

Description Details
Aims and Scope: The International J.Mathematical Combinatorics (ISSN 1937-1055) is a fully refereed international journal, and published quarterly comprising 100-150 pages approx. per volume, which publishes original research papers and survey articles in all aspects of Smarandache multi-spaces, Smarandache geometries, mathematical combinatorics, non-euclidean geometry and topology and their applications to other sciences. Topics in detail to be covered are: Smarandache multi-spaces with applications to other sciences, such as those of algebraic multi-systems, multi-metric spaces,. . . , etc.. Smarandache geometries; Differential Geometry; Geometry on manifolds; Topological graphs; Algebraic graphs; Random graphs; Combinatorial maps; Graph and map enumeration; Combinatorial designs; Combinatorial enumeration; Low Dimensional Topology; Differential Topology; Topology of Manifolds; Geometrical aspects of Mathematical Physics and Relations with Manifold Topology; Applications of Smarandache multi-spaces to theoretical physics; Applications of Combinatorics to mathematics and theoretical physics; Mathematical theory on gravitatio...

Excerpt Details
Extending Homomorphism Theorem to Multi-Systems Abstract: The multi-laterality of WORLD implies multi-systems to be its best candidate model for ones cognition on nature, which is also included in an ancient book of China, TAO TEH KING written by Lao Zi, an ancient philosopher of China. Then how it works to mathematics, not suspended in thought? This paper explains this action by mathematical logic on mathematical systems generalized to Smarandache systems, or such systems with combinatorial structures, i.e., combinatorial systems, and shows how to extend the homomorphism theorem in abstract algebra to multi-systems or combinatorial systems. All works in this paper are motivated by a combinatorial speculation of mine which is reformed on combinatorial systems and can be also applied to geometry. Key Words: Homomorphism theorem, multi-system, combinatorial system. ...

Table of Contents Details
Contents Extending Homomorphism Theorem to Multi-Systems BY LINFAN MAO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01 A Double Cryptography Using the Smarandache Keedwell Cross Inverse Quasigroup BY T. G. JA´IY´EOL´A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 On the Time-like Curves of Constant Breadth in Minkowski 3-Space BY SUHA YILMAZ AND MELIH TURGUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 On the Basis Number of the Strong Product of Theta Graphs with Cycles BY M.M.M. JARADAT, M.F. JANEM AND A.J. ALAWNEH. . . . . . . . . . . .40 Smarandache Curves in Minkowski Space-time BY MELIH TURGUT AND S¨UHA YILMAZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 The Characterization of Symmetric Primitive Matrices with exponent n − 3 BY LICHAO, HUANGFU AND JUNLIANG CAI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 The Crossing Number of the Circulant Graph C(3k − 1; {1, k}) BY JING WANG AND YUANQIU HUANG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 On the Edge Geodetic and k-Edge Geodetic Number of a Graph BY A.P. SANTHAKUMARAN AND S.V. ULLAS CHANDRAN. . . . . . . . . .85 Simple Path Cove...

Description Details
Progress in Physics has been created for publications on advanced studies in theoretical and experimental physics, including related themes from mathematics. All submitted papers should be professional, in good English, containing a brief review of a problem and obtained results. All submissions should be designed in LATEX format using Progress in Physics template. This template can be downloaded from Progress in Physics home page http://www.geocities.com/ptep_online. Abstract and the necessary information about author(s) should be included into the papers. To submit a paper, mail the file(s) to Chief Editor. All submitted papers should be as brief as possible. Short articles are preferable. All that has been accepted for the online issue of Progress in Physics is printed in the paper version of the journal. To order printed issues, contact Chief Editor. This journal is non-commercial, academic edition. It is printed from private donations....

Excerpt Details
As shown, experiments registered unmatter: a new kind of matter whose atoms include both nucleons and anti-nucleons, while their life span was very short, no more than 10-20sec. Stable states of unmatter can be built on quarks and anti-quarks: applying the unmatter principle here it is obtained a quantum chromodynamics formula that gives many combinations of unmatter built on quarks and anti-quarks....

Description Details
Aims and Scope: The International J.Mathematical Combinatorics is a fully refereed international journal, sponsored by the MADIS of Chinese Academy of Sciences and published in USA quarterly comprising 100-150 pages approx. per volume, which publishes original research papers and survey articles in all aspects of Smarandachemulti-spaces, Smarandache geometries, mathematical combinatorics, non-euclidean geometry and topology and their applications to other sciences. Topics in detail to be covered are: Smarandache multi-spaces with applications to other sciences, such as those of algebraic multi-systems, multi-metric spaces,· · · , etc.. Smarandache geometries; Differential Geometry; Geometry on manifolds; Topological graphs; Algebraic graphs; Random graphs; Combinatorial maps; Graph and map enumeration; Combinatorial designs; Combinatorial enumeration; Low Dimensional Topology; Differential Topology; Topology of Manifolds; Geometrical aspects of Mathematical Physics and Relations with Manifold Topology; Applications of Smarandache multi-spaces to theoretical physics; Applications of Combinatorics to mathematics and theoretic...

Excerpt Details
Abstract: Let G be a group having a partially closed subset S such that S contains the identity element of G and each element in S has an inverse in S. Such subsets of G are called halfsubgroups of G. If a halfsubgroup S generates the group G, then S is called a halfsubgroup generating the group or hsgg in short. In this paper we prove some results on hsggs of a group. Order class of a group are special halfsubgroupoids. Elementary abelian groups are characterized as groups with maximum special halfsubgroupoids. Order class of a group with unity forms a typical halfsubgroup. Key words: halfsubgroup, hsgg, order class of an element. AMS(2000): 20Kxx, 20L05....

Table of Contents Details
Halfsubgroups BY ARUN S. MUKTIBODH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .01 Flexibility of Embeddings of a Halin Graph on the Projective Plane BY HAN REN and YUN BAI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .06 Curvature Equations on Combinatorial Manifolds with Applications to Theoretical Physics BY LINFAN MAO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 A Pair of Smarandachely Isotopic Quasigroups and Loops of the Same Variety BY T. G. JA´IY´EOL´A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 A Revision to G¨odel’s Incompleteness Theorem by Neutrosophy BY YUHUA FU and ANJIE FU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 On the basis Number and the Minimum Cycle Bases of the Wreath Product of Two Wheels BY M.M.M. JARADAT and M.K. AL-QEYYAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Theory of Relativity on the Finsler Spacetime BY SHENGLIN CAO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 On the Number of Graceful Trees BY GUANGXUAN WANG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 ...