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Watch a quick fact about bees that you may never have known before.

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The original Books are a series of filly illustrated papers are about the subatomic world. Essentially about the energy found there and how this energy acts and reacts to form the very glue that holds the physical universe together. This is essentially an explanation of the mechanics of atomic formation, structure and linking. The papers have been split into Books primarily to keep the file sizes down to an acceptable level. This also apples to these supplementary papers. This is done to allow people with slow Internet access to easily download the files. It also means you can download just the parts you want to reference. There are seven Books in this primary series....

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MOVEMENT OF ENERGY In this section we are going to look in more detail on how this energy is passes between the subatomic world and the three dimension world. We look at the affects this has on the atomic structures of large atoms and the way this changes atomic interactions. Heat is a tipping effect of an atomic structure when it reaches an upper absorption limit of energy storage, where it has to expel this energy or break down and be destroyed. Heat is effect of this energy being pushed out of the atomic body into nearby atomic structures with a lower energy quotient. So how does energy move around, in Book 2 we saw how the primary energy nodes took and gave energy to each other by dynamic contact. When we got to strings, rings and atoms we saw how these semi-stable elements bonded to form a closed stable units. These units however are still reliant on the exchange on external energy to maintain an internal balance and interaction with each other....

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The original Books are a series of filly illustrated papers are about the subatomic world. Essentially about the energy found there and how this energy acts and reacts to form the very glue that holds the physical universe together. This is essentially an explanation of the mechanics of atomic formation, structure and linking. The papers have been split into Books primarily to keep the file sizes down to an acceptable level. This also apples to these supplementary papers. This is done to allow people with slow Internet access to easily download the files. It also means you can download just the parts you want to reference. There are seven Books in this primary series....

Excerpt Details
In this section we are going to look in more detail on how this energy is passes between the subatomic world and the three dimension world. We look at the affects this has on the atomic structures of large atoms and the way this changes atomic interactions. Heat is a tipping effect of an atomic structure when it reaches an upper absorption limit of energy storage, where it has to expel this energy or break down and be destroyed. Heat is effect of this energy being pushed out of the atomic body into nearby atomic structures with a lower energy quotient. So how does energy move around, in Book 2 we saw how the primary energy nodes took and gave energy to each other by dynamic contact. When we got to strings, rings and atoms we saw how these semi-stable elements bonded to form a closed stable units. These units however are still reliant on the exchange on external energy to maintain an internal balance and interaction with each other....

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Supplementary B - Energy And Heat In Section - Introduction - 1 Movement of Energy - 2 Energy Ring Vortex - 3 Transference of Energy to Atoms - 4 Energy Storage in Atoms - 5 Energy Altering Atoms Properties...

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The original Books are a series of filly illustrated papers are about the subatomic world. Essentially about the energy found there and how this energy acts and reacts to form the very glue that holds the physical universe together. This is essentially an explanation of the mechanics of atomic formation, structure and linking. The papers have been split into Books primarily to keep the file sizes down to an acceptable level. This also apples to these supplementary papers. This is done to allow people with slow Internet access to easily download the files. It also means you can download just the parts you want to reference. There are seven Books in this primary series....

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Here we have to focus down onto the planetary model and see how the vectors that produce gravity also produce the sub forces that we describe as Magnetism. Now any large body of atomic matter compresses itself by mutual attraction of the atomic structure of a collective of the atoms with in it. This bundle of energy attracts energy nodes from the surrounding Dark Energy cloud, it needs this energy to maintain its coherence or it will fall apart and be absorbed back into the cloud. As seen in Book 7 this attraction has a halo bubble where this force is active, however the attraction is offset by the emission of excess high energy particles being thrown out of the mass is it tries to loose energy....

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SUPPLEMENTARY A - WHY NORTH IS NORTH AND HOW MAGNETS WORK Introduction - 1 Gyroscopic Effect - 2 Particle Flow - 3 Magnetosphere Reversal - 4 Sub Atomic Particle Flow - 5 How Magnets Work - 6 Properties of Elements - 7 Atomic Core Stacking - 8 Iron Magnets - 9 Magnetic Lines of Force - 10 The elephant in the room - 11 Why Similar Magnetic Poles Repel - 12 Ferrous Or Non Ferrous - 13 Magnetic attraction...

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A series of filly illustrated papers are about the subatomic world. Essentially about the energy found there and how this energy acts and reacts to form the very glue that holds the physical universe together. This is essentially an explanation of the mechanics of atomic formation, structure and linking. It looks at how sub atomic particles form strings rings and then atoms. How simple atoms use two dimensional carriers to form large atoms and the ways atoms bond together into molecules, the foundations of all matter. The papers have been split into Books primarily to keep the file sizes down to an acceptable level, this allows people with slow Internet access to easily download the files. It also means you can download just the parts you want to reference. There are seven Books in this primary series....

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Gravity a short word for a big subject. Lets start by saying before reading this section you should have at least read book two of these papers about dark matter, energy and the creation of matter. To start with we must let go of the thought that gravity is a single thing like a big magnet. Gravity is in fact a combination of three forces that produce the effect that we call gravity. By gravity we generally mean the attraction of objects one to another. Although we have dealt with the elemental forces that created atoms in the previous Books, here we have to go back to the primary forces again. This time we see how they play out to create the massive amounts of energy to create matter and the forces that surround it....

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THE THREE FORCES OF GRAVITY In this book - 1. Energy Nodes - 2 Binary Strings - 3 Energy Balls - 4 The Energy Tree - 5 Binary Explosion - 6 Binary Breach - 7 Binary Ring - 8 Gravity - The First Component - The Second Component - The Third Component...

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A series of filly illustrated papers are about the subatomic world. Essentially about the energy found there and how this energy acts and reacts to form the very glue that holds the physical universe together. This is essentially an explanation of the mechanics of atomic formation, structure and linking. It looks at how sub atomic particles form strings rings and then atoms. How simple atoms use two dimensional carriers to form large atoms and the ways atoms bond together into molecules, the foundations of all matter. The papers have been split into Books primarily to keep the file sizes down to an acceptable level, this allows people with slow Internet access to easily download the files. It also means you can download just the parts you want to reference. There are seven Books in this primary series....

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Bonds formed by similar atoms tend to follow structural patterns where the atomic interface windows align with the atomic exit windows of each atom. This bonding will form a regular continuous pattern as the structure of the crystal is built up. By studying these crystalline patterns we can determine some of the positions of the atoms atomic windows. We will not be able to tell the size of these windows but give us a chance to work out the atomic interface angle....

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COMPLEX ATOMIC BOND FORMATIONS In this book - 1 Crystalline Formations - 2 Dissimilar Atomic Bonding - 3 Harmonics Bonding Range - 4 Split Harmonics - Split Ranges - 5 Special Bonding - Capture Bonding - Catalytic Bonding - 6 Bonding Decay - 7 Proximity...

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A series of filly illustrated papers are about the subatomic world. Essentially about the energy found there and how this energy acts and reacts to form the very glue that holds the physical universe together. This is essentially an explanation of the mechanics of atomic formation, structure and linking. It looks at how sub atomic particles form strings rings and then atoms. How simple atoms use two dimensional carriers to form large atoms and the ways atoms bond together into molecules, the foundations of all matter. The papers have been split into Books primarily to keep the file sizes down to an acceptable level, this allows people with slow Internet access to easily download the files. It also means you can download just the parts you want to reference. There are seven Books in this primary series....

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We have looked at the basic Sub Atomic Energy Rings and at how this particle combines to from the simple then complex Atoms but to be of any use these Atoms have to build, combine and react with each other to form molecules. For atoms to do this we must have a mechanism that will allow them to react with each other without destroying their internal structure. This process is at the heart of Sub Atomic Interface Bonding and to understand it we must begin by looking at the first part of the process, the initial Sub Atomic Interfacing....

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SUB MOLECULAR INTERFACE BONDING In this book - 1 Sub Atomic Interface Bonding - 2 Sub Atomic Interface - 3 Atom to Atom Bonding - 4 Forces Between Core Bonding ...

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A series of filly illustrated papers are about the subatomic world. Essentially about the energy found there and how this energy acts and reacts to form the very glue that holds the physical universe together. This is essentially an explanation of the mechanics of atomic formation, structure and linking. It looks at how sub atomic particles form strings rings and then atoms. How simple atoms use two dimensional carriers to form large atoms and the ways atoms bond together into molecules, the foundations of all matter. The papers have been split into Books primarily to keep the file sizes down to an acceptable level, this allows people with slow Internet access to easily download the files. It also means you can download just the parts you want to reference. There are seven Books in this primary series....

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The newly formed atomic elements however need some mechanism to enable them to bond into molecules and make the next jump on to the evolutionary ladder. Something to allow atoms to essentially talk to each other. The thing that can do this is in fact the two dimensional sub atomic ring, the very thing that the atoms are made of. It is the dynamics of these sub atomic rings that make them the most interesting and most important part of the entire subatomic world. To understand this we must probe deeper into its various guises....

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PROPERTIES OF SUB ATOMIC RINGS In this book - 1 Properties of Sub Atomic Rings - 2 Dynamics of Rings - 3 Energy paths of Ring Movement - 4 Energy Ring Movement track - 5 Energy Decay in Rings...

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A series of filly illustrated papers are about the subatomic world. Essentially about the energy found there and how this energy acts and reacts to form the very glue that holds the physical universe together. This is essentially an explanation of the mechanics of atomic formation, structure and linking. It looks at how sub atomic particles form strings rings and then atoms. How simple atoms use two dimensional carriers to form large atoms and the ways atoms bond together into molecules, the foundations of all matter. The papers have been split into Books primarily to keep the file sizes down to an acceptable level, this allows people with slow Internet access to easily download the files. It also means you can download just the parts you want to reference. There are seven Books in this primary series....

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The new single is atom made up of two sub atomic particle rings, each ring comprising a number of energy nodes. If we look at the atom in detail we see it has a vortex pressure map giving the atom a small graviton pull. These forces are built up from the two vortex forces of the two particles rings which are locked together, the lowest pressure point being where the two faces of the gravitational vortex face each other. The small gate ring acts as a pressure valve against increasing and decreasing energy in the large or 'super' ring and becomes a one way gate preventing energy expanding down into the stretched negative end of the large ring. These forces within the locked atom try to rotate into the low pressure zone, this causes the whole structure into an offset rotation. This rotation causes a centrifugal force stretching the tail end of the large ring....

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FORMATION OF COMPLEX ATOMS In this book- 1 Formation of Complex Atoms - 2 Elemental Bonding - 3 Core to Core Bonding - 4 Structure of Complex Atoms - 5 Building the Atomic Core Stack...

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A series of filly illustrated papers are about the subatomic world. Essentially about the energy found there and how this energy acts and reacts to form the very glue that holds the physical universe together. This is essentially an explanation of the mechanics of atomic formation, structure and linking. It looks at how sub atomic particles form strings rings and then atoms. How simple atoms use two dimensional carriers to form large atoms and the ways atoms bond together into molecules, the foundations of all matter. The papers have been split into Books primarily to keep the file sizes down to an acceptable level, this allows people with slow Internet access to easily download the files. It also means you can download just the parts you want to reference. There are seven Books in this primary series....

Excerpt Details
Energy is strange stuff, it both exists and does not exist, it is both positive and negative at the same time, it can repel and attract simultaneously. Most importantly it expands under pressure and contracts with decompression. We use energy as a catchall term to describe anything that produces work changes state or transfers heat. This is energy at work, the result of atomic interactions. Basic energy however in its prime form is this mysterious substance Dark Matter. This is basically a cloud of energy nodes, each node too small to detect, also being there and not being there at the same time does not help. Collectively however these nodes have the ability to form into all the matter of the universe and to govern all the motions of gravity and physics there in. So now we have described energy let us look at the properties of an energy node for its properties govern everything else....

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Book 2 DARK MATTER DARK ENERGY STRINGS RINGS & ATOMS In this Book - 1 The Energy Node -2 The Aura Boundary - 3 Disproportionate Fields - 4 The Maths Bit - 5 The Edge Of Time - 6 Chaos And Strings - 7 High Energy - 8 Strings - 9 Rings - 10 The Third Dimension...

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A series of filly illustrated papers are about the subatomic world. Essentially about the energy found there and how this energy acts and reacts to form the very glue that holds the physical universe together. This is essentially an explanation of the mechanics of atomic formation, structure and linking. It looks at how sub atomic particles form strings rings and then atoms. How simple atoms use two dimensional carriers to form large atoms and the ways atoms bond together into molecules, the foundations of all matter. The papers have been split into Books primarily to keep the file sizes down to an acceptable level, this allows people with slow Internet access to easily download the files. It also means you can download just the parts you want to reference. There are seven Books in this primary series....

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INTRODUCTION AND FULL PROJECT INDEX By way of an introduction to these papers I want to begin by trying to give the reader some basic idea of energy because basically that what these papers are all about. We are all familiar with energy after all it comes out of the electricity socket in the wall, it runs the television, powers the computer and lights, as liquid petrol it runs the car, even as heat from the sun it warms the beach in summer. But this is energy at work, to begin at the beginning we must first have a picture in our minds eye as energy as an entity on its own, something outside our normal perception of stuff. Following this are six pages forming an index to the whole set of six Books....

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In this Book - 1 Introduction - 2 Introduction to energy. - 3. Complete index all to Books in this series - 4 About Author and Contact details.

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A "how to" book about basic soap making with many pictures and two recipes. It gives further advice how to develop individual soaps based on the basic recipes for cleaning and washing soap....

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When you read the labels of commercial shower soaps, you will discover all kinds of chemicals and if you are lucky a small amount of coconut oil. Most of it is palm oil!!! You are probably used that soap dries your skin out and you need to use lotion afterwards. This is not the case when you make your own shower (and hand-washing) soap. A proper handmade traditional herbal soap will hydrate and nurture your skin. The internet is full of recipes for such soaps. Do your own research and develop your own recipe based on the basic one given above. The washing soap will take stains away very well and your clothes will be very clean. I used it in a top-loader cold water washing machine with good results (on very dirty children clothes!). To my surprise whites didn't grey and on the other hand colors stayed bright. I made the soap to save costs and was very positively surprised by its quality. It is much better than locally available washing detergents (Thailand) and costs less. You can play with the amount of coconut oil. When reduced to 50 g it will still be a good washing soap. Even the 100% palm oil sopa cleans well and can be used ...

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The present book covers a wide-range of issues from alternative hadron models to their likely implications in New Energy research, including alternative interpretation of low energy reaction (coldfusion) phenomena. While some of these discussions may be found a bit too theoretical, our view is that once these phenomena can be put into rigorous theoretical framework, thereafter more 'openminded' physicists may be more ready to consider these New Energy methods more seriously. Our basic proposition in the present book is that considering these new theoretical insights, one can expect there are new methods to generate New Energy technologies which are clearly within reach of human knowledge in the coming years....

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In the preceding article we argue that biquaternionic extension of Klein-Gordon equation has numerical solution with sinusoidal form, which differs appreciably from conventional Yukawa potential. In the present article we interpret and compare this result from the viewpoint of EQPET/TSC model described by Takahashi. Further observation is of course recommended in order to refute or verify this proposition....

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Peer-reviewers ii Abstract iii Preface by D. Rapoport iv Contents vi Foreword viii Prologue: Socio-economic impact of New Energy technologies xi Contributors to this volume xiv Short biography of Contributors xv Free energy and Topological Geometrodynamics 1. Nuclear string hypothesis – M. Pitkanen 1 2. The notion of free-energy and many-sheeted Space-Time concept – M. Pitkanen 44 3. Prediction and calculation of New Energy development – Fu Yuhua 111 4. Some unsolved problems in the physics of elementary particle – V. Christianto & F. Smarandache (PiP, vol. 3 no. 4, 2007) 127 5. About some unsolved problems in physics – M. Pitkanen 132 Beyond Standard Model, Unmatter and Yang-Mills Field 6. Bifurcations and pattern formation in particle physics: an introductory study – E. Goldfain (submitted to APS conference, 2008) 151 7. Dynamics of Neutrino oscillations and the Cosmological constant problem – E. Goldfain 168 8. Fractional dynamics and the Standard Model of Elementary particles – E. Goldfain (Comm. In Nonlin. Science and Numerical. Simulation, 2007) 176 9. A new possible form of Matter, Unmatter – formed by parti...

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The design and production of this Photographic Corrosion Failures is based on actual failures which occur during operation process. During the years of installation of gas service of equipment’s, many failures have been occurred in different parts. Due to variation of materials in several parts, different aspects of failure can be investigated. First of all we collect these failed parts and categorized them according to failure types. To earn this purpose, we shall learn about the concept of any failure and introduce failed samples consequently. Any case history shows the conditions of any component and also the solution for any specific type. Furthermore the prevention requirements of any case have been shown at the end of any section....

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In this current article we are analyzing in detail, T-symmetry (time reversal transformation) and P-symmetry (spatial inverse transformations) phenomenons in Armenian Theory of Relativity in one dimensional physical space. For that purpose we are referring and using our previous articles results, especially in the case of research mirror reflection phenomena (spatial inversion) where we are mostly referring to our main research article, published in Armenia on June 2013 (96 pages). We are delighted to know that Armenian Theory of Relativity has passed the first phase of total ridicule and now is in the phase of active discussion in scientific communities across the world. This article can be considered as an answer to the physicists who criticize the Armenian Theory of Relativity by saying that the Armenian relativistic transformations and formulas are not an invariant under time-reversal transformation and therefore Armenian Theory of Relativity is wrong. In the first section of our article we are showing that in the case of time-reversal, Armenian Theory of Relativity is in full agreement with legacy physics and therefore...

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Abstract Introduction Only Time Reversal Phenomena Consideration Definition of Opposite Inertial Systems Only Space Reversal Phenomena Consideration Conclusions References...

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The aim of this current article is to illustrate in detail Armenian relativistic formulas and compare them with Lorentz relativistic formulas so that readers can easily differentiate these two theories and visualize how general and rich our Armenian Theory of Special Relativity really is with a spectacular build in asymmetry. Then we are going behind this comparison and illustrating that build in asymmetry inside Armenian Theory of Special Relativity is reincarnating the aether as a universal reference medium, which is not contrary to relativity theory. We mathematically prove the existence of aether and we show how to extract infinite energy from the time-space or sub-atomic aether medium. Our theory explains all these facts and peacefully brings together followers of absolute aether theory, relativistic aether theory or followers of dark matter theory. We also mention that the absolute aether medium has a very complex geometric character, which has never been seen before. We are explaining why NASA’s earlier "BPP" and DARPA’s "Casimir Effect Enhancement" programs failed. We are also stating that the time is right to reopen NA...

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Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Legend of the Used Symbols 3. Comparison Armenian and Lorentz Relativistic Formulas 4. Conclusions

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Two clumps of matter pass through each other without sharing space; In some cases the colliding clumps of matter appear to deepen their distance even as they pass through each other. Clumps of a few hundred thousand lithium atoms that are cooled to within one-millionth of a degree above absolute zero a temperature so cold that the atoms march in lockstep and act as a single matter wave. The Interaction of light with matter has long been a field of interest for many quantum physicists, however, depends upon the field of interaction plus the form of interaction. I've found it to be much better to look at not as a phenomenon but as something of a paradox, whether the audience find it tangible or not, this might probably be the best starting point if one wish to have million ways to see quantum theory in its entirety....

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This book has four chapters. In chapter one the authors introduce the three types of super FRM models. Chapter two uses these three new super fuzzy models to study the role of media which feverishly argued against 27 percent reservation for OBCs in Central Government-run institutions in India. The experts we consulted were divided into 19 groups depending on their profession. These groups of experts gave their opinion and comments on the news-items that appeared about reservations in dailies and weekly magazines, and the gist of these lengthy discussions form the third chapter of this book. The fourth chapter gives the conclusions based on our study....

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Dedication 5 Preface 6 Chapter One INTRODUCTION TO NEW SUPER FUZZY MODELS 7 1.1 Supermatrices and Fuzzy Supermatrices 7 1.2 Super Fuzzy Relational Maps 45 Chapter Two ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF MEDIA ON RESERVATION FOR OBC USING SUPER FUZZY MODELS 57 2.1 Brief Description of the Attributes Given by the Experts 58 2.2 Super Row FRM Model to Study the Role of Media on OBC Reservation 77 2.3 Super Fuzzy Mixed FRM Model to Study the Role of Media in Falsely Blaming the Government and Supporting Dr. Venugopal 88 2.4 Use of Super Column FRM Model to Study the Interrelation between the Government and Public 102 2.5 Analysis of Role of Media on Reservation for OBC using Fuzzy Cognitive Map 117 2.6 Observations based on this Analysis by Students and Experts through Seminars and Discussions 121 Chapter Three EXCERPT OF NEWS FROM PRINT MEDIA AND SUGGESTIONS AND COMMENTS BY THE EXPERTS 145 Chapter Four ANALYSIS SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS BASED ON DISCUSSIONS, QUESTIONNAIRE, INTERVIEWS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELS 357 4.1 A View and Analysis by Group of Educationalists about Role of Media on OBC Reservation 357 4.1.1 Students Pro...

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The authors in this book have analyzed the socio-economic and psychological problems faced by People with Disabilities (PWDs) and their families. The study was made by collecting data using both fuzzy linguistic questionnaire by interviews in case they are not literates from 2,15,811 lakhs people. This data was collected using the five Non Government Organizations (NGOs) from northern Tamil Nadu....

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The main objective of this was to understand the basic psychological and social problems faced by the PWDs and their caretakers. To interpret the collected data, tabulations and analysis were made. Efforts were made to highlight the inferences in each table and in few places comments were made in order to use it for fuzzy analysis. Following is the list of organizations and the total population from 5 blocks is listed below....

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Preface 6 Chapter One INTRODUCTION TO BASIC CONCEPTS 11 Chapter Two ANALYSIS OF THE COLLECTED DATA OF THE PWDS FROM MELMALAYANUR AND KURINJI PADI BLOCKS IN TAMIL NADU 13 Chapter Three THE NEW FUZZY COGNITIVE RELATIONAL MAPS (FCRMS) BIMODEL 29 Chapter Four ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO ECONOMIC PROBLEMS FACED BY THE PWDS USING (SFCMS) 47 4.1 Application of FCMs Models to Social and Psychological Problems 48 4.2 Expert Opinion of PWDs using Special FCMs to Analyse the Problem of PWDs 50 4.3 The Expert Opinion of the caretakers of the PWDs using SFCM 59 4.4 The Expert Opinion of the NGOs working with the PWDs using Special FCM Model 62 Chapter Five THE STUDY OF INTERRELATED PROBLEMS FACED BY THE PWDS AND THE CARE TAKERS 73 5.1 Introduction 73 5.2 Experts Opinion from a Public Person Living in Melmalayanur Block 77 5.3 Expert Opinion of PWDs using FRMs 84 5.4 Expert Opinion of Caretakers of the PWDs using FRM 87 5.5 Expert Opinion of the NGOs working with the PWDs using the FRM model 93 Chapter Six ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS OF RURAL PWDs USING THE NEW FCRM BIMODEL 99 6.1 Expert Opinion of the Caretaker and a PWD using the ...

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Research papers presented in this collection manifest only a few of many possible applications of neutrosophic logics to theoretical physics. Most of these applications target the theory of relativity and quantum physics, but other sections of physics are also possible to be considered....

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We apply the S-denying procedure to signature conditions in a four-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian space — i. e. we change one (or even all) of the conditions to be partially true and partially false. We obtain five kinds of expanded space-time for General Relativity. Kind I permits the space-time to be in collapse. Kind II permits the space-time to change its own signature. Kind III has peculiarities, linked to the third signature condition. Kind IV permits regions where the metric fully degenerates: there may be non-quantum teleportation, and a home for virtual photons. Kind V is common for kinds I, II, III, and IV....

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Preface, by Dmitri Rabounski ............................5 General Relativity, Gravitation, and Cosmology................6 S-Denying of the Signature Conditions Expands General Relativity’s Space, by Dmitri Rabounski, Florentin Smarandache, Larissa Borissova, Progress in Physics, 13-19, Vol. 3, 2006.......7 Positive, Neutral, and Negative Mass-Charges in General Relativity, by Larissa Borissova and Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, 51-54, Vol. 3, 2006. .............14 Extension of the Big Bang Theory, by Florentin Smarandache, Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, 139-140, Vol. 23D, No. 2, 2004. .....................18 What Gravity Is. Some Recent Considerations, by Vic Christianto and Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, 63-67, Vol. 3, 2008. .......................20 A Few Remarks on the Length of Day: A Cosmological Perspective, by Vic Christianto, Matti Pitkaneny, and Florentin Smarandache, Progress in Physics, L3-L4, Vol. 1, 2009............25 Quantum Physics and Statistics .......................27 A Note on Unified Statistics Including Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein, and Tsallis Statistic...

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This book examines the economics of the postal sector through three lenses: snapshot and trends, models, and opportunities. In the years to come, the Universal Postal Union plans to develop its role as a knowledge centre for the postal sector from these perspectives. At this time of radical transformation of the postal sector, it is important to understand how the sector has evolved historically, how it is connected with the economic system, and where it is heading. This book thus first presents a long-run view, focusing on incumbent operators over the last three decades, and then describes their development in the last five to ten years. It also offers a real-time picture based on daily “big postal data”, revealing one of the greatest opportunities for the sector in terms of forecasting and product design....

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PREFACE Bishar A. Hussein ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION Development strategies for the postal sector: an economic perspective José Ansón and Matthias Helble CHAPTER 1 Postal economics and statistics for strategy analysis – The long view José Ansón and Matthias Helble CHAPTER 2 Postal economics and statistics for strategy analysis – The short view Joëlle Toledano Bialot CHAPTER 3 Status of the postal service 20 years after the green paper: a Franco-European perspective José Ansón, Rudy Cuadra, Altamir Linhares, Guillermo Ronderos and Joëlle Toledano Bialot CHAPTER 4 The economics of postal delivery in developing countries: learning from the Latin American and Sub-Saharan African experiences José Ansón, Rudy Cuadra, Altamir Linhares,Guillermo Ronderos and Joëlle Toledano Bialot CHAPTER 5 Postal regulation in Sub-Saharan Africa Marie-Odile Pilley CHAPTER 6 Financial inclusion, postal banking and the future postal economic model José Ansón and Joëlle Toledano Bialot CHAPTER 7 Big postal data, now casting and the global pulse of the economy José Ansón and Matthias He...

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This issue of the journal is devoted to the proceedings of the third International Conference on Number Theory and Smarandache Problems. The conference was a great success and will give a strong impact on the development of number theory in general and Smarandache problems in particular. In this volume we assemble not only those papers which were presented at the conference but also those papers which were submitted later and are concerned with the Smarandache type problems or other mathematical problems. Other papers are concerned with the number-theoretic Smarandache problems and will enrich the already rich stock of results on them. Readers can learn various techniques used in number theory and will get familiar with the beautiful identities and sharp asymptotic formulas obtained in the volume....

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Abstract : Let k be any ¯xed positive integer, n be any positive integer, Sk(n) denotes the smallest positive integer m such that m! is divisible by kn: In this paper, we use the elementary methods to study the asymptotic properties of Sk(n), and give an interesting asymptotic formula for it. Keywords : F. Smarandache problem, primitive numbers, asymptotic formula. ...

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J. Wang : Cube-free integers as sums of two squares 1 G. Liu and H. Li : Recurrences for generalized Euler numbers 9 H. Li and Q. Yang : Some properties of the LCM sequence 14 M. Liu : On the generalization of the primitive number function 18 Z. Lv : On the F. Smarandache LCM function and its mean value 22 Q. Wu : A conjecture involving the F. Smarandache LCM function 26 S. Xue : On the Smarandache dual function 29 N. Yuan : A new arithmetical function and its asymptotic formula 33 A. Muktibodh, etc. : Sequences of pyramidal numbers 39 R. Zhang and S. Ma : An e±cient hybrid genetic algorithm for continuous optimization problems 46 L. Mao : An introduction to Smarandache multi-spaces and mathematical combinatorics 54 M. Selariu : Smarandache stepped functions 81 X. Zhang and Y. Zhang : Sequences of numbers with alternate common di®erences 93 Y. Zhang : On the near pseudo Smarandache function 98 A. Muktibodh : Smarandache mukti-squares 102...

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In the volume we assemble not only those papers which were presented at the conference but also those papers which were submitted later and are concerned with the Smarandache type problems. There are a few papers which are not directly related to but should fall within the scope of Smarandache type problems. They are 1. L. Liu and W. Zhou, On conjectures about the class number of binary quadratic forms; 2. W. Liang, An identity for Stirling numbers of the second kind; 3. Y. Wang and Z. Sheng, Two formulas for x^n in terms of Chebyshev polynomials. Other papers are concerned with the number-theoretic Smarandache problems and will enrich the already rich stock of results on them. Readers can learn various techniques used in number theory and will get familiar with the beautiful identities and sharp asymptotic formulas obtained in the volume....

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On Algebraic Multi-Vector Spaces Abstract A Smarandache multi-space is a union of n spaces A1;A2;An with some additional conditions hold. Combining these Smarandache multi-spaces with linear vector spaces in classical linear algebra, the conception of multi-vector spaces is introduced. Some characteristics of multi-vector spaces are obtained in this paper. Keywords Vector, multi-space, multi-vector space, dimension of a space. x1. Introduction These multi-spaces was introduced by Smarandache in under his idea of hybrid mathematics: combining different fields into a unifying field, which can be formally defined with mathematical words by the next definition. ...

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L. Mao : On Algebraic Multi-Vector Spaces 1 L. Liu and W. Zhou : On conjectures concerning class number of binary quadratic forms 7 W. Zhai and H. Liu : On square-free primitive roots mod p 15 X. Pan : A new limit theorem involving the Smarandache LCM sequence 20 M. Le : The Smarandache Perfect Numbers 24 N. Yuan : On the solutions of an equation involving the Smarandache dual function 27 J. Wang : Mean value of a Smarandache-Type Function 31 H. Yang and R. Fu : On the mean value of the Near Pseudo Smarandache Function 35 W. Liang : An Identity of Stirling Numbers of the Second Kind 40 R. Ma : On the F.Smarandache LCM Ratio Sequence 44 L. Mao : On Algebraic Multi-Ring Spaces 48 Y. Han : On the Product of the Square-free Divisor of a Natural Number 55 P. Zhang : Some identities on k-power complement 60 Y. Wang and Z. Sheng : Two Formulas for xn being Represented by Chebyshev Polynomials 64 X. Chen : Two Problems About 2-Power Free Numbers 70 X. Ma : The Asymptotic Formula of P n·x log Pad(n) 72 Q. Tian : On the K-power free number sequence 77 C. Lv : On a generalized equation of Smarandache and its integer sol...

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“I like the idea of mental synthesis very much ... I quite agree that language evolved in a way that facilitates synthesis and transmission of the synthesized mental image. ... I don't think there can be much doubt, purely conceptually, that language was a late arrival. Whatever mutation provided the key to it would have had no selectional advantage at all, and would have just been a useless “organ,” if it could not have linked up to pre-existing thought systems.” —NOAM CHOMSKY, Professor Emeritus of Linguistics, MIT “Boston University’s Andrey Vyshedskiy brings a neuroscientist’s perspective to the discussion of human mental history in On the Origin of the Human Mind.” —Scientific American Mind (July 2009) “I found the Mental Synthesis theory stimulating and provocative. The author puts forward an explanation for the evolution of the human mind based on predator detection that led to increased visual mental analysis which set the stage for visual mental syntheses. The author presents an impressive array of recent research on the brain with up to date references that are highly relevant to his case and the origin of mi...

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Introduction While studying the neuroscience of consciousness, I was struck with certain facts about mental imagery that seemed to shed some light on the process of the evolution of the human mind. The origin of the human mind remains one of the greatest mysteries of all times. The last 150 years, since Charles Darwin proposed that species evolve under the influence of natural selection (Darwin C, 1859), have been marked by great discoveries. Molecular biology described the genetic principles underlying species evolution and identified specific changes in the human genome since our lineage split off from the chimpanzee line about six million years ago (Somel M, 2013). Great paleontological discoveries have filled that span of six million years of human evolution with a number of intermediate species that display both human- and ape-like characteristics. However, the discussion of the evolution of the human intellect and specific forces that shaped the underlying brain evolution is as vigorous today as it was in Darwin’s times. At the center of the predicament about the origin of the human mind lies the question of human uniqu...

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Introduction 1 Part 1. Neuroscience of imagination 5 Chapter 1. Object encoding in the brain 6 Chapter 2. Neuronal synchronization 26 Chapter 3. Imagining new objects 32 Chapter 4. External manifestations of mental synthesis 39 Chapter 5. Humans versus animals 80 Chapter 6: Overall Discussion of Part 1 108 Part 2. Evolution of the Human Mind 135 Chapter 7. Introduction: a quick guide to paleoanthropology 136 Chapter 8. Cognitive evolution through the prism of paleontological evidence 160 Chapter 9. Evolutionary pressure drives better predator detection 191 Chapter 10. Overall Discussion of Part 2 219 Part 3. The “last” mutation 254 Chapter 11. The role of the prefrontal cortex in the process of mental synthesis 256 Chapter 12. Evolution of the prefrontal cortex 277 Conclusions 327 A wish list of experiments 339 Appendix 367 Acknowledgments 400 Bibliography 401 Illustrations credits 428 About the author 430 ...

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The 2000 year history of the atom and chemistry, from the Classic Greek Era to the present, is described in 800 pages, depicted with some 300 pictures and illustrations. This history of the atom and chemistry discusses the lives of about 180 chemists and physicists, through the evolution of several stages of development, representing the most important scientific accomplishments. The most significant discoveries in chemistry and physics are presented chronologically to illustrate their contributions to the creation of the chemical sciences during the last 21 centuries....

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INTRODUCTION It is a genuine pleasure and challenge for me to try to express the full extent of my emotions and reasons for writing this book on the STORY OF THE ATOM AND THE SCIENCES, with special reference to the CHEMICAL SCIENCES. In one sentence, I can distill the essence of the purpose for this study by simply stating that it has been a labor of love that transcended the written word because sentiments and ideas belong in the realm of the ethereal and the philosophical as well as in the domain of LITERATURE and SCIENCE. Ever since a young and impressionable student attending a country school in a community of a few hundred people, began to be introduced to the world of knowledge over 65 years ago, the sciences became to me what water is to fish, air is to birds and earth is to humanity. The introduction to the mathematical, physical, chemical and biological sciences felt like reading a beautiful poem or listening to a romantic melody. In essence, it was truly a joyful experience, full of the enigmatic, the mysterious and the fantastic, beyond my wildest imagination. The words used in the title of this book, were car...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 THE STORY OF THE ATOM AND CHEMISTRY 7 THE CAVE MAN 7 ABSTRACT ON THE CONCEPT OF PERSPECTIVE AND SENSE OF DUTY 8 THE MIGRATORY AND THE SEDENTARY MAN 9 ABSTRACT ON THE ATOM AND ITS ENERGY 11 THE CLASSIC GREEK AND ROMAN PHILOSOPHERS 17 EMPEDOCLES (492-432 BC) Greek Philosopher 20 Proposed the four basic elements: earth, water, air and fire. DEMOCRITUS (470-380 BC) Greek Philosopher 22 The founder of the atomic theory of antiquity. CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY (100-170) Greek Astronomer 24 Proponent of the geocentric theory of our solar system with the Earth and not the Sun at its center. ABSTRACT ON THE GENESIS OF AN ORDERLY AND SYSTEMATIC UNIVERSE 25 THE ALCHEMY OF ANTIQUITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES 32 THE METAL INDUSTRY OF ANTIQUITY 33 Mercury, Copper, Bronze, Iron and Steel. GEBER (721-815) Arabian Alchemist 38 One of the first scholars and alchemists of the Islamic world. OMAR KHAYYAM (12th Century). Persian Scientist and Astronomer 38 Brilliant astronomer and alchemist of the 12th Century. BERNARDO TREVISAN (1406 -1490) Italian Alchemist 39 One of the most famous alchemists of th...

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The fourth volume, in my book series of “Collected Papers”, includes 100 published and unpublished articles, notes, (preliminary) drafts containing just ideas to be further investigated, scientific souvenirs, scientific blogs, project proposals, small experiments, solved and unsolved problems and conjectures, updated or alternative versions of previous papers, short or long humanistic essays, letters to the editors...

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This short technical paper advocates a bootstrapping algorithm from which we can form a statistically reliable opinion based on limited clinically observed data, regarding whether an osteo-hyperplasia could actually be a case of Ewing’s osteosarcoma. The basic premise underlying our methodology is that a primary bone tumour, if it is indeed Ewing’s osteosarcoma, cannot increase in volume beyond some critical limit without showing metastasis. We propose a statistical method to extrapolate such critical limit to primary tumour volume. Our model does not involve any physiological variables but rather is entirely based on time series observations of increase in primary tumour volume from the point of initial detection to the actual detection of metastases....

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Collected Eclectic Ideas - preface by the author.............................3 Contents....................................................6 ASTRONOMY..................................14 1. First Lunar Space Base, project proposal, by V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache..15 2. On Recent Discovery of New Planetoids in the Solar System and Quantization of Celestial System, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache..................28 3. Open and Solved Elementary Questions in Astronomy, by Florentin Smarandache.. 36 BIOLOGY......................................40 4. Statistical Modeling of Primary Ewing Tumors of the Bone, by Sreepurna Malakar, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, in in , Vol. 3, No. JJ05, 81-88, 2005................41 CALCULUS....................................53 5. A Triple Inequality with Series and Improper Integrals, by Florentin Smarandache, in Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 25E, No. 1, 215-217, 2006.........54 6. Immediate Calculation of Some Poisson Type Integrals Using SuperMathematics Circular Ex-Centric Functions, by Florentin Smarandache & Mircea Eugen................................

Description Details
The fourth volume, in my book series of “Collected Papers”, includes 100 published and unpublished articles, notes, (preliminary) drafts containing just ideas to be further investigated, scientific souvenirs, scientific blogs, project proposals, small experiments, solved and unsolved problems and conjectures, updated or alternative versions of previous papers, short or long humanistic essays, letters to the editors...

Excerpt Details
This short technical paper advocates a bootstrapping algorithm from which we can form a statistically reliable opinion based on limited clinically observed data, regarding whether an osteo-hyperplasia could actually be a case of Ewing’s osteosarcoma. The basic premise underlying our methodology is that a primary bone tumour, if it is indeed Ewing’s osteosarcoma, cannot increase in volume beyond some critical limit without showing metastasis. We propose a statistical method to extrapolate such critical limit to primary tumour volume. Our model does not involve any physiological variables but rather is entirely based on time series observations of increase in primary tumour volume from the point of initial detection to the actual detection of metastases....

Table of Contents Details
Collected Eclectic Ideas - preface by the author.............................3 Contents....................................................6 ASTRONOMY..................................14 1. First Lunar Space Base, project proposal, by V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache..15 2. On Recent Discovery of New Planetoids in the Solar System and Quantization of Celestial System, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache..................28 3. Open and Solved Elementary Questions in Astronomy, by Florentin Smarandache.. 36 BIOLOGY......................................40 4. Statistical Modeling of Primary Ewing Tumors of the Bone, by Sreepurna Malakar, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, in in , Vol. 3, No. JJ05, 81-88, 2005................41 CALCULUS....................................53 5. A Triple Inequality with Series and Improper Integrals, by Florentin Smarandache, in Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 25E, No. 1, 215-217, 2006.........54 6. Immediate Calculation of Some Poisson Type Integrals Using SuperMathematics Circular Ex-Centric Functions, by Florentin Smarandache & Mircea Eugen................................