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In the last volume of this series, the Russian spacecraft designer Boris Chertok continues his narrative on the history of the Soviet space program.

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For any positive integer n, let (n) be the Euler function, and am(n) denotes the Smarandache m-th power residues function of n. The main purpose of this paper is using the elementary method to study the number of the solutions of the equation (n) = am(n), and give all solutions for this equation....

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Exploits speed, time, and space to show why time dilation is impossible. Space and time are completely independent. Space has existence and absolutely recyclable. However, time is only reference information. It doest not exist in nature. Among all, TIME CAN NOT BE RECYCLED! Clocks can drift, yet, it is absolutely independent of time. Can we suppose the expansion or contraction of a yard stick meant the space has changed?...

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Time is only the reference information. It is not the element of the universe. Hasn't our obsession with time and speed clouded our judgment?

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1 Introduction 1.1 Speed and Time 2 Visiting Friends on Planet X 3 Control Set 4 Laser Transmission 5 Wife in Her Own Spaceship 6 High Speed Travel 7 More about Laser Transmission 8 Conclusion 9 Appendix - Paradoxes of Time Dilation References...

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This magazine from the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of General Medical Sciences showcases diverse scientists who do cutting-edge research and lead interesting lives. Each issue also contains brief research highlights, a puzzle or other activity and links to online extras. It is available in PDF format (see http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/findings/issues.asp for links to PDFs of all issues)....

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This magazine from the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of General Medical Sciences showcases diverse scientists who do cutting-edge research and lead interesting lives. Each issue also contains brief research highlights, a puzzle or other activity and links to online extras. It is available in PDF format (see http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/findings/issues.asp for links to PDFs of all issues)....

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Original

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True model for the structure of The Universe

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Einstein's theory of relativity, both the special and the general, is fundamentally flawed. Those fatal flaws are exposed one by one in this short but devastating book, as well as in numerous companion videos which the author has posted on YouTube and Archive.org. The publication date listed on Project Gutenberg is the date this book was uploaded to Project Gutenberg. The book was actually first published in 2013....

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This booklet from the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of General Medical Sciences discusses the many different ways medicines work in the body and how this information guides the hunt for drugs of the future. It is available in e-pub (http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/epubs/MedicinesByDesign.epub) and PDF (http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/medbydesign/medbydesign.pdf) formats....

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This paper addresses the question, “Will metamaterials facilitate an operationally feasible and significant optical stealth capability for the US Air Force?” To answer this question, the author’s research is directed at the advances and development patterns of optical band metamaterials; specifically, it addresses the leading indicators of frequency, bandwidth, and energy loss. Following that, a backcasting futures technique helps uncover the obstacles of metamaterial durability, suitability, and manufacturability. This paper concludes with a 20-year timeline for optical band metamaterial capabilities and applications....

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The methodology of how mathematics is untaught.

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Watch a quick fact about bees that you may never have known before.

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This study answers the following questions: Is John A. Warden III’s, “The Enemy as a System” analogous to the Air Corps Tactical School’s (ACTS) industrial web theory of airpower employment? If so, why (given the 50 plus years between development of these theories)? If not, what are the prime sources of divergence? The author first describes both theories using an outline from which they are compared on an “apples to apples” basis. From this analysis, similarities and differences are presented. Next, the author discusses contextual factors affecting development of both theories....

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1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . 1 Notes . . . . . 3 2 THEORY DESCRIPTIONS AND COMPARISON . . . . . 5 Notes . . . . . 15 3 ANALYSIS OF CONTEXTUAL FACTORS . . . . 17 Notes . . . . . 30 4 CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION . . . . 33 Notes . . . . . 36 GLOSSARY . . . . 37...

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Studies the pitfall and paradoxes of inflation theory, including big-bang, dark energy, and dark matter. We know car will not drive on frictionless surface. Space has no surface and completely frictionless. It will not carry anything along, even if space could expand. Invisible matter, normal or dark, has to be felt since it has to occupy space. Normal matter would not move freely in space occupied by dark matter and dark energy. If there is interaction between normal and dark, it will be shown by normal matter. It is meaningless if there is no interaction. Only SPACE can occupy same space with matter without interaction, isn't it? ...

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If you are riding on a craft, it will not carry you away if you there is no friction between you and the craft. Space is completely frictionless. It has no surface, and can only be regarded as absolute zero viscosity. Expansion of the space, if possible, will not drag anything along. It would just flow through and zip away by itself....

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Contents Abstract i Contents ii List of Figures iii List of Tables iii 1 Introduction 1 2 Paradox of Space Expansion 5 3 Real Life Analogy of Inertia in Expanding Space 9 4 Paradox of Redshift & Expanding Space 4.1 Real Life Analogy of Radiation Trap 5 Paradox of Constant Pulsating Quasars in Expanding Space 6 Conclusion 7 Appendix - A Brief Experiment of Space 7.1 Space and Vacuum 7.2 Space and Friction 7.3 Space and Motion 7.4 Space and Expansion 7.5 Space and Compression 7.6 Space and Energy 7.7 Summary 8 Appendix - Mind-Bending Questions References...

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We have learned to manipulating matter and energy since our first existence on Earth, however, never space. Luckily, there is vacuum sharing some properties of space. We can create and shape vacuum to some extent. This experiment will observe the actions of vacuum, mass and energy to derive a logical understanding of space....

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Here, the properties of space is summarized as: • Playing-field for mass, energy, and action. • Massless, shapeless, and weightless. • Actionless or absolute zero. • Contains no energy. • Frictionless or zero viscosity. • Incapable of any interaction. • Coexists with all objects. • Beyond measure. • Absolute independent. • Absolute integrity. It’s properties and location never alter....

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Abstract i Contents ii List of Figures iii List of Tables iii 1 Introduction 1 2 Outline of The Experiment 4 3 Space and Vacuum 5 4 Space and Friction 7 5 Space and Motion 9 6 Space and Expansion 12 7 Space and Compression 14 8 Space and Energy 16 9 Summary 18 10 Appendix- Fundamental Principles 20...

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A comparison between the Russian expeditions of Afghanistan and Syria in 1979 and 2015. The essay describes the Russian allies and enemies in each case, and explains why the situation in Syria is much easier than the one the Soviets were facing in 1979 in Afghanistan....

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In this paper, Lt Col Devin L. Cate tackles the question of whether an air superiority fighter is relevant to warfare in the twenty-first century.

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This study examines the development of military night aviation from its origins through the First World War. Emphasis is on the evolution of night flying in those countries which fought on the Western Front, namely France, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States . While night flying occurred in other theaters, the most intense air effort was clearly in t°he west. There, belligerents pressed aviation technology and tactics to the limits ; the skies of northern France and Flanders offered the only opportunity for movement across the stagnated front. Another important consideration was the availability of rich documentation concerning night aerial activity in the theater....

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Information is only the description of the event, not the source event. When continuous information are sent from different locations, and the observer is moving from place to place; It would not necessarily reach the receiver in same order and interval initiated by the event....

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The issue is, sometime we can not separate the event and it's information, and even fooled by it.

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Abstract Contents List of Figures List of Tables 1 Introduction 1 2 Event and Information 2.1 Information and Virtual Reality 3 Event and Information Analogy 4 Information Transport Analogy 4.1 Approaching Pitcher 4.2 Departing Ball Pitcher 4.3 Dynamic of Moving Pitcher 5 Dynamic Observation Simulation 6 Summary References...

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This book was published as a low-cost paperback in 1975; it had a short shelf-life and quickly went out (and stayed out) of print. However I have continued to receive inquiries about it; that, as well as the fact that the workings of evolution are still widely misunderstood, are the factors which led me to produce this Gutenberg edition. In these times when every second popular science book is about the "environmental crisis", why resurrect such an ancient document? Simply because its fundamental argument is a timeless one, an insufficiently appreciated one, and one which is probably as briefly and as clearly expressed here as anywhere. One reviewer at the time thought that the book carried "a chilling message, especially for the parents of young children"; another found it " a shrill book that leaves one resoundingly chirpy about surviving." Now it is available for you to read and make up your own mind....

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If you live on a small island and keep goats, how should you make your decision about the number of goats to keep? If goats die only of old age or when you slaughter one to eat you'll need to be pretty careful, or you'll end up with a plague of goats which will strip the island bare. So don't let the goats breed too freely. But what if the island is also inhabited by a pack of wolves which eat goats as fast as you can breed them? In this case you must obviously do your damnedest to produce as many goats as you possibly can, just to be sure of having one or two for yourself. We live on an island, Earth, that once was full of wolves. But we have shot nearly all the wolves now, and nobody has explained to us that their name was Negative Feedback, and their consequence, Stability....

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The early proponents of air power believed that with suitable aircraft, and control of the air, airmen would make surface operations impossible and irrelevant. In the years since they made these predictions, aircraft have gained capabilities far beyond those predicted by early advocates. However, airmen are still searching for a strategy that will guarantee the results their predecessors promised. Instead of replacing surface forces, air power has become their indispensable partner. Air power contributes to the security, mobility, and firepower of joint forces, but its primary contribution may be air superiority....