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Was America discovered by Norwegian Vikings, and did they establish Norse colonies in North-America? And if so, why and how did they disappear? In this book, the author gives an overview of the discussion thas has been raging ever since the Kensington Rune Stone was discovered - or was claimed to have been discovered - in 1898. And what about other rune stones that have appeared in the USA during the last century - are they real or fake? The author examines this and many other issues, like traces in the Indian culture, old maps and buildings, and of course Medieval documents. Together, all this material gives an overwhelming evidence that an extensive Norse exploration or even permanent settlements may have taken place. Text in Norwegian....

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Et hellig oppdrag s. 4 En merkelig merkestein s. 40 Spor i ord, spor i jord s. 125 Spor i indianerkulturen? s. 171 Kart før Columbus s. 208 Det forunderlige landet Norumbega s. 229 Andre runesteiner s. 263 Kilder s. 291...

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The book recalls previously developed approaches toward history based on correlation of words, astrological aspects and periodicity defined by the Chinese horoscope and the Lunar Nodes. They are illustrated by new examples. Astonishing correlations are found among the astral signs of the French presidents, the German chancellors and the generals of the Russian Civil War (1918-1922). The strange form of some states such as Mali, Somalia, India and others is associated to inter-ethnic conflicts taking place in these countries. The astral themes of certain historical events and of their participants are also analyzed (such as the revolutions of 1830 and 1848, the Berlin Congress, the putsch of 1991 in Moscow). Astrological, historical and geographical coincidences are found between the Arab revolutions of 2011 on the one side and the revolutions of 1848, the independence movements in the Spanish colonies, the social movements of 1968 and World War II on the other. The book is addressed to persons interested in History and/or astrology....

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Preface Chapter 1. The already developed methods Chapter 2. Astral sign and history Chapter 3. Geography, history and astrology Chapter 4. Different examples from history Appendix 1. Beginnings and ends of years of the Chinese horoscope Appendix 2. The Cyrillic alphabet....

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‘The Book of Mormon~ Colorfully Illustrated’ This is truly a Wonderful book. This is an -All New- recreation, based on Joseph Smith’s original work. This book was written for Our times Today! Everyone on earth is invited to download this Free ebook. This record is a religious based historical account of ancient civilizations in the Americas. Today’s Native Americans are their descendants, and are of the house of Israel. Native Americans and our Jewish friends are especially invited to download this free ebook. You will find in these pages the full spectrum of human emotion, along with a good deal of Action and Adventure, and the collected Wisdom of ancient civilizations that once existed here. All produced for you in young Joseph Smith’s simple country boy style of English. I personally find his simple English quite charming. This Free volume has been transcribed painstakingly word for word in exacting detail, as best as humanly possible, from a first printing reproduction of young Joseph Smith’s original words. Thousands of antique printing press typesetting errors have been removed. Yes, all of young Joseph’s original words ...

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Young Nephi, with the help of his brothers, builds his ship: (Excerpt) And it came to pass that they did worship the Lord, and did go forth with me; and we did work timbers of curious workmanship. And the Lord did shew me from time to time, after what manner I should work the timbers of the ship. Now I, Nephi, did not work the timbers after the manner which was learned by men, neither did I build the ship after the manner of men; but I did build it after the manner which the Lord had shewn unto me; wherefore, it was not after the manner of men. And I, Nephi, did go into the mount oft, and I did pray oft unto the Lord; wherefore, the Lord shewed unto me great things. And it came to pass that after I had finished the ship according to the word of the Lord, my brethren beheld that it was good, and that the workmanship thereof was exceeding fine; wherefore, they did humble themselves again before the Lord. And it came to pass that the voice of the Lord came unto my father, that we should arise and go down into the ship.- And it came to pass that on the morrow, after that we had prepared all things, much fruits and meat from t...

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America’s First Air Battles: Lessons Learned or Lessons Lost? provides a successful evaluation of Michael Howard’s construct that current doctrine is probably wrong, but what matters is the capability of the military to get it right when a particular conflict begins. In the course of this evaluation, Lt Col Aldon E. Purdham Jr. examines several important airpower factors to include familiarity with the nature and geography of the conflict; parity with the adversary, especially in terms of air superiority; command and control of air assets, especially in interdiction and close air support missions; and the confluence of airpower weapons with doctrine and training....

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1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 INITIAL PERIOD OF OPERATIONS IN THE KOREAN WAR, 25 JUNE–25 JULY 1950 . . . . . .5 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3 INITIAL PERIOD OF OPERATIONS IN THE VIETNAM WAR, 2 MARCH–1 APRIL 1965 . . . 27 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 4 INITIAL PERIOD OF OPERATIONS IN DESERT STORM, 17 JANUARY–15 FEBRUARY 1991 . . 45 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 5 ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 6 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79...

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LOW-INTENSITY CONFLICT: WHAT IS IT AND WHY SHOULD IT CONCERN THE USAF? . . . . . 1 Low-Intensity Conflict Defined . . . . . . . . . . .1 Special Characteristics of Low-Intensity Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Operational Terms Relating to Low-Intensity Conflict . . . . . . . 8 Future Conflicts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Dealing with Future Conflict. . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2 AIR POWER IN SMALL WARS : THE BRITISH AIR CONTROL EXPERIENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Air Control's Genesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Air Control: From Concept to Doctrine . . . . .22 The Requirements of British Air Control . . . .24 Air Control and Today's US Air Force . . . . . . 25 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 3 THE MOROCCO-POLISARIO WAR: A CASE STUDY OF A MODERN LOW-INTENSITY CONFLICT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Resources and Topography of Western Sahara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Moroccan Claims and Stakes in Western Sahara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

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The cartographic history of Hawaii began with the arrival of Captain James Cook, the famous explorer and chartmaker, in 1778. Between then and the mid-19th century, visitors to HawaiI produced a rich assortment of charts and maps depicting the shores, harbors, towns, and volcanoes of the various islands. This volume traces the story of the mapping of HawaiI during the pivotal years in which the indigenous society was radically transformed by the peoples and ideas imported from the West. Foreigners introduced the concept of mapmaking to HawaiI, and they made maps of the islands to satisfy the needs of maritime commerce, missionary endeavors, and scientific investigations. Nearly seventy maps, complemented by more than twenty views, portraits, and illustrations, are reproduced here. Included are many charts and harbor plans produced by such famous figures of naval history as James Cook, William Bligh, George Vancouver, Otto von Kotzebue, Urey Lisiansky, Jean Francois de la Pérouse, Louis Duperrey, and Charles Wilkes. These richly reproduced charts document the early geography of Honolulu, Lahaina, Hilo, and Kailua—the most...

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The Early Mapping of Hawaii is an overview of the history of the mapping of Hawaii from the time of European discovery in 1778 through the mid-19th century. Mapmaking was not an art indigenous to Hawaii; foreigners were responsible for the introduction of mapmaking in the islands. For well over seventy years, mapping in Hawaii was largely carried out by Europeans or Americans, and the early maps of Hawaii were mostly made to serve the needs of those foreigners....

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Most countries and peoples of Europe and Asia are grouped in the spheres of direct geopolitical influence of Russia, Germany, Serbia, Iraq and China. Repetition of relationship (defined by ethnic and religious proximity) between countries from these spheres are observed. Thus there are two Russian (German, Serbian, Chinese) speaking countries - Russia and Belarus (Germany and Austria, Serbia and Montenegro, China and Taiwan). The Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas exhibit similar political geography and history. Important events (e.g. World Wars) occur in couples. In American and Russian history the number 12 is crucial for its understanding (6 couples of most important wars in the former and 12 communist and post-communist rulers in the latter, the events of post-communism repeating the ones of communism). If a (post)-communist Russian leader has the same name as a former Russian tsar or prince, then a repetition of events takes place - the names Boris (Godunov) and Mikhail (Romanov) are connected with the Time of Troubles, Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin mark the perestroika, its modern version. The book is addressed to those inter...

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It is natural to consider the following countries as belonging or having once belonged to the zone of direct geopolitical influence of Germany: Austria, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, The Netherlands and Denmark. The reasons (except in most of the cases to be direct neighbours) are the following ones: - some of them (namely, Austria, Hungary, parts of Poland, The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia and Slovenia) have belonged to the Austro- Hungarian Empire, where German was the official language; - others (France, Belgium, Denmark, Lithuania and Italy) have annexed after World War I territories peopled at least in part by ethnic Germans; these were the German territories respectively Alsace and Lorraine for France, the cantons Eupen and Malmedy for Belgium (today they constitute its German speaking linguistic zone), Northern Schleswig for Denmark, the port Memel (Klaipeda) for Lithuania; Italy has annexed the German speaking Southern Tyrol belonging up to then to Austria-Hungary; today this is one of the five Italian regions...

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Preface Chapter 1. Resemblance and correlation between words Chapter 2. Resemblances between different geographical regions Chapter 3. Resemblance between historical events Chapter 4. The five spheres of direct geopolitical influence in the Old World Chapter 5. The rules of the American history Chapter 6. The rules of the Russian history...

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Complete in Two quarto volumes. c.1905. Dark green cloth, gilt titles, marbled edges and endpapers. 784pp. Lavishly illustrated. Includes the islands lately acquired from Spain and Hawaii and the Philippines. Illustrated with more than twelve hundred special photographs, color types, and new colored maps. N.D. Thompson Publishing Co., St. Louis, New York, Etc., 1899. Green Cloth. Book Condition: Good. No Jacket. No Additional Printings. Elephant Folio - over 15" - 23" tall. Vol. II, p. 385 to p.784; illustrated with hundreds of photographs, including some full-page color photographs (colortypes); ".embracing perfect photographic and descriptive representations of the people and the islands lately acquired from Spain, including Hawaii and the Philippines; also their material resources and productions, homes of the people, their customs and general appearance, with many hundred views of landscapes.(from the title page)." Book condition: Cover corners have considerable wear, all showing board (especially the lower rear corner); on rear cover edges, bottom cloth is completely missing, top edge has half missing; front cover edges are...

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Lt Col Karen U. Kwiatkowski’s Expeditionary Air Operations in Africa: Challenges and Solutions details air operations challenges in Africa. She discusses how the USAF currently meets or avoids these challenges. She contends that Africa is like the “western frontier” of America’s history—undeveloped, brimming with opportunity as well as danger, and that it is a place where standard assumptions often do not apply. Africa has not been, and is not today, a US geostrategic interest area. However, as the dawn of the twenty-first century breaks over a planet made both intimate and manageable by CNN and DHL Air Express, Colonel Kwiatkowski believes that the winners will be those who understand Africa and can meet the challenges of air operations on the continent first....

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1 WHAT THE WORLD KNOWS ABOUT AIR OPERATIONS CHALLENGES IN AFRICA . . . . . . 1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2 WHAT THE USAF KNOWS ABOUT AIR OPERATIONS IN AFRICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Recent Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3 WHAT THE USAF IS DOING ABOUT AIR OPERATIONS IN AFRICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Some Solutions for Future Improvement . . .33 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 4 WHAT AIRCREWS KNOW ABOUT AIR EXPEDITIONARY OPERATIONS IN AFRICA . . .55 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 5 SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71...

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This book deals with the Cape Peninsula and covers some fascinating topics relating to Cape Town's history such as: - Early history and customs of the Malays in Cape Town - Shipwrecks and Treasure Hunting - Spices - Bars and Barmen - Honey Farming - Cigars and Tobacco farming - Cape Town "Chamber of Horrors" - Origins of Biltong - Origins of Babotie - SA Museum's Taxidermist - Early Chemist trade - Early Dentistry - Long Street Shops - Cigarette Cards - Early Trams - Cooking and Local Recipes...

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ePub format at http://archive.org/details/ATasteOfSouth-easter_143

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The JANUARY-FEBRUARY-MARCH, 2012, edition of Hinduism's foremost and widely respected spiritual magazine, Hinduism Today, has been released in digital form and is now available for free on your desktop. This issue is a wide-ranging trek through modern dharma, so prepare yourself for the journey. First stop is our 16-page feature article: A Survivor's Manual for the Mount Kailash Pilgrimage. Our sherpa for this amazing pilgrimage is Dr. T.S. Mohan of Bengaluru. Sure, hundreds of thousands have make the trip around the world's most sacred mountain, but no one we know of has returned with so much insight into how to make the trek successful. With maps, a daily chronicle and lists with tips and warnings, he shows us in detail why this is one of those rare and spiritually charged pilgrimages. Not to mention his advice on keeping us safe and sane. From the outer climb to the inner, we are taken into the world of japa and mantra. Vamadeva Shastri and Hinduism Today founder Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami unravel the world of sound and its yogic uses, giving plenty of dos and don'ts so this ancient yoga can be practiced safely and wit...

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Thrilling narratives of voyages, discoveries, adventures, battles, darings and sufferings of the heroic characters, bold explorers and dauntless spirits who have made ocean history and established christian supremacy over the most savage lands of the earth. Reciting astonishing incidents and perilous undertakings among wild beasts and savage people in heroic efforts for a reclamation of all lands to civilization, and recording a description of the riot of murder, pillage and inhumanity which characterized the pirates, marooners and buccaneers who ravaged the spanish main and for centuries bid defiance to the armed fleets of all nations....

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The Rolling Stone of History. -- Surprising revelations -- Ancient Cities that are now no more -- Effects of Cataclysms upon the human race -- The rise and fall of nations -- Cave dwellers who became masters of the world -- The first boats -- Building a strong nation -- The earliest navigators -- Evolution of the ship -- Discoveries of the ancients -- Islands of the long ago -- Changes in the earth's surface -- Commerce of Troy with India -- Expeditions sent out by Menelaus and Neco -- The circumnavigation of Africa by the ancients -- Solomon's navy -- Discovery of the West Indies by Carthaginians -- Hamilcar's voyage to the North seas -- Wonderful lands and fountains -- Astounding adventures of Hanuo -- Weird sights on the shores of ancient Africa -- Witches and Snake charmers -- Among the mermaids -- Voyage of Pytheas, the philosopher -- Tears of sorrowing sea-birds -- Discovery of a new world -- A wondrously profitable commerce -- A northwest passage -- The Romans pass to China by a north route -- Destruction of the Roman empire....

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The following collection of archival and oral historical-consultation records pertaining to Waikamoi Preserve and the greater watershed of the Haleakala mountain lands on the island of Maui, was compiled by Kumu Pono Associates LLC, at the request of The Nature Conservancy-Hawaii. This study provides The Nature Conservancy and its partners in management of the Waikamoi Preserve, with a cultural assessment of the Waikamoi Preserve, as required by State review laws governing The Nature Conservancys stewardship of the preserves natural resources. The primary documentation (both archival and oral historical), was collected by the authors over the period of six years, and provides readers with access to a rich and diverse collection of cultural- historical narratives from the island of Maui. The study focuses on lands situated on the eastern slopes of Haleakala, a region traditionally called Maui Hikina, with particular emphasis on those lands which make up and adjoin “Waikamoi Preserve.” These lands represent some of the most significant native forest resources remaining in the Hawaiian Islands, and are part of a unique cultural landsc...

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1848, Kamehameha III granted fee-simple interest of Kalialinui to a chiefly steward, Kamaikaaloa (Kamaikaaloa), who held the land through the remainder of his lifetime, and subsequently conveyed it to his heirs. Kalalawalu—daughter of Kamaikaaloa and Kealohaaukai—and her husband, Douglas Panee, sold the land of Kalialinui to Haleakala Ranch in 1888. Most of Kalialinui, including the land that became the Waikamoi Preserve, has been held by Haleakala Ranch since that time. In the later 1800s and early 1900s, cowboys of the Haleakala Ranch traveled from the lower Kula lands to the mountain lands of Haleakala via the “Aina Hou Trail,” passing Halemau (Halemauu) and Leleiwi, and through Kalialinui, towards the Koolau Gap lands. The Aina Hou Trail passes along the contour at about the 6300-6400 foot elevation to a place known as the “Aina Hou Bowl.” The Aina Hou Bowl is generally situated between the 6300 to 5600 foot elevation, and noted for a spring which was tapped to feed a historic ranch trough. Lands in this area were used as mountain pasturage by the ranch. The 5,230-acre Waikamoi Preserve was established in 1983 through...

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Na Kamalei-K. E. E. P. – Koolauloa Early Education Program is a Native Hawaiian nonprofit organization that includes Ho‘ala Na Pua, a parent-child interaction and family education program that services the families of Ko‘olauloa, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. The Houlu Hou Project: Stories Told By Us is a project of Na Kamalei that is funded in part by the Administration for Native Americans. The project goal is to provide families with services and opportunities that foster culturally appropriate and healthy development of a balanced child. The oral legacy within our community strengthens our families and produces stories that bring meaning to our lives and that help identify who we are and where we are from. Our resource partners are Ko‘olauloa community organizations that support the advancement of Native Hawaiian children and their families through the creation of children’s books. Stories of history, geography, language and culture are born and shared in the context of the community. Kupuna (elders) now encourage the sharing of these stories so that future generations will benefit from this legacy. This serie...

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R. S. Kuykendall spent four decades of his life writing the history of Hawaii. He came to the Islands in 1922 as executive secretary of the newly formed Historical Commission of the Territory of Hawaii. The Commission planned, among other projects, to publish a large-scale history: a general narrative of a thousand pages or more, sufficiently documented to ensure "authoritativeness. " Working to this mandate, Kuykendall brought to bear on his task everything he could muster in the way of personal and professional resources. He was well suited to the sort of pioneer labor that faced him. He had a great appetite and aptitude for spadework of an archival kind, locating, acquiring, and organizing collections of documents. His use of materials was marked by a quite outstanding scrupulosity with regard to matters of fact. Whatever industriousness and commonsensical perceptiveness could wring from often inadequate, often intransigent sources, Kuykendall set himself to extract. Though the Historical Commission itself did not survive the Great Depression, Kuykendall, continuing his researches as a faculty member of the University o...

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This volume is one of the fruits of a project undertaken more than a dozen years ago by the Historical Commission of the Territory of Hawaii and carried on since 1932 by the University of Hawaii. The project called for the preparation of a comprehensive general history of Hawaii based upon a thorough study of original sources. The first phase of the undertaking was to discover the source material not already available in Honolulu and to obtain copies of as much of it as possible, particularly of documents which shed new light on the history of the islands. For this purpose, extensive research has been carried on in the national archives of the United States, Great Britain, and France, and minor investigations have been made in the archives of Belgium and Mexico and in a number of libraries and collections in the United States. Many thousand pages of transcripts have been obtained from these places, supplementing at many points and in many important respects the materials previously available in Honolulu. Independently of this project, a large quantity of new material has been added to collections in the Territory, and there has...

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Preface. xi -- List of Abbreviations. xiii -- Introduction: A Glimpse of Ancient Hawaii. 1 -- Coming of the Foreigners. 12 -- Kamehameha and the Founding of the Kingdom. 29 -- 1819. 61 -- Kamehameha II. 71 -- Early Commercial Development. 82 -- New Religion and New Learning. 100 -- The Early Years of the Reign of Kamehameha III: Regency of Kaahumanu. 117 -- The Troubled Thirties. 133 -- The Birth of Constitutional Government. 153 -- Industry, Agriculture, Manufactures. 170 -- The Recognition of Hawaii's Independence. 185 -- The Paulet Episode. 206 -- Governmental Reorganization in the Midst of Difficulties. 227 -- The Land Revolution. 269 -- Commercial and Agricultural Progress, 1830-1854. 299 -- Religious and Educational Development, 1840-1854. 335 -- The Struggle for Equitable Treaties. 368 -- The Shadow of Destiny. 383 -- On the Date of the Birth of Kamehameha. 429 -- On the Regency, 1823-1833. 430 -- On the Origin of the Hawaiian Sandalwood Trade. 434 -- On the Debt Settlement of 1826. 434 -- Index. 437 --...

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In this latest book, John Clark, author of the highly regarded "Beaches of Hawaii" series, gives us the many captivating stories behind the hundreds of Hawaii place names associated with the ocean—the names of shores, beaches, and other sites where people fish, swim, dive, surf, and paddle. Significant features and landmarks on or near shores, such as fishponds, monuments, shrines, reefs, and small islands, are also included. The names of surfing sites are the most numerous and among the most colorful: from the purely descriptive (Black Rock, Blue Hole) to the humorous (No Can Tell, Pray for Sex). Clark began gathering information for the "Beaches" series in 1972, and during the years that followed interviewed hundreds of informants, many of them native Hawaiians, and consulted dozens of Hawaiian reference books, newspapers, and maps. A significant amount of the oral history he collected was unrecorded and remained only in his notebooks and memory. Hawaii Place Names: Shores, Beaches, and Surf Sites is the final product of those years of research, and like its popular predecessors, it benefits substantially from Clark's ...

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In 1966 the University of Hawaii Press published the first edition of Place Names of Hawaii. Written by Mary Kawena Pukui and Samuel H. Elbert, it contained 1,125 entries, all of which were place names in the Hawaiian language. In 1974 the press published the second edition by Pukui, Elbert, and Esther T. Mookini. It contained some four thousand entries, and this time it included place names in English and other languages. This edition, in the words of the authors, provided "a glossary of important place names in the State, including names of valleys, streams, mountains, land sections, surfing areas, towns, villages, and Honolulu streets and buildings." During the years that have followed its publication, the second edition of Place Names of Hawaii has become a standard reference in the literature of Hawaii....

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In the following index of the islands of the Territory of Hawaii and vicinity and the geographical features of those islands, the aríchipelago is divided into three groups, namely: (1) the Main Group, comprising all islands from Hawaii to Niihau, including islets lying offshore from the main islands; (2) the Leeward Islands from Ni-lioa. to kure, consisting of a chain of islands, atolls, and shoals, exítending from beyond Kauai west-north-west for 1,100 miles; and (8) Other Islands, being certain islands scattered in the North Paícific Ocean and generally acknowledged to have been under Haíwaiian sovereignty, or to which Hawaii had some claim and to which claim the United States has succeeded....

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In collecting the names from the primary source, the thirty-three maps and quadrangles of the islands, except those of the re-survey of Oahu, were marked in rectangles, the sides of which were one minute long, and the named geographic features located to the nearíest minute of latitude and longitude. The names are'listed exactly as they are spelled on the quadrangles and maps. No decisions have been made as to whether the names are correct. However, the Haíwaiian place names which appear in the Sixth Report of the United States Geographic Board have been compared with the same names in the gazetteer, and where the spelling is different, the nomenclaíture of that Board is given in parentheses with the letters U.S.G.B. Names which appear in that report of the United States Geographic Board and which do not appear on maps are also included....

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Introduction -- 7 -- Areas of main Hawaiian islands and highest point on each island -- 10 -- Abbreviations -- 11 -- The Gazetteer: -- Main Islands -- Hawaii -- 13 -- Kahoolawe -- 75 -- Kauai -- 79 -- Lanai -- 103 -- Maui -- 111 -- Molokai -- 143 -- Niihau -- 159 -- Oahu -- 163 -- Leeward Islands -- 197 -- Other Islands -- 199 -- Sources of Place-Names in the Gazetteer: - Maps of the United States Geological Survey -- 200 -- Maps and Charts of the Territorial, the Royal Hawaiian, and the United States Governments -- 202 -- Miscellaneous maps - Key to Identification Symbols -- 205 -- Hawaiian Words Used in Naming Lands and Features, by Robert D King -- 206 -- Hawaiian Topographic Survey and Associated Matters, by Walter F Frear -- -- 209 -- Districts in the Hawaiian Islands, by Robert D King -- 214 -- Hawaiian Toponymy, by John Wesley Coulter -- 231 -- References on Hawaiian Place-Names -- 238 -- Advisory Committee on Hawaiian Geographic Names, by John Wesley Coulter – 240 -- MAPS-Maps For Use with the Gazetteer: -- Hawaii, Territory of, Fig 1 -- 6 -- Hawaii (island) Fig 2 -- 12 -- Kahoolawe, Fig 4 -- 102 -- Kauai, Fig 3 -- 78 -- L...

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Aims and Scope: The International J.Mathematical Combinatorics (ISSN 1937-1055) is a fully refereed international journal, and published quarterly comprising 100-150 pages approx. per volume, which publishes original research papers and survey articles in all aspects of Smarandache multi-spaces, Smarandache geometries, mathematical combinatorics, non-euclidean geometry and topology and their applications to other sciences. Topics in detail to be covered are: Smarandache multi-spaces with applications to other sciences, such as those of algebraic multi-systems, multi-metric spaces,. . . , etc.. Smarandache geometries; Differential Geometry; Geometry on manifolds; Topological graphs; Algebraic graphs; Random graphs; Combinatorial maps; Graph and map enumeration; Combinatorial designs; Combinatorial enumeration; Low Dimensional Topology; Differential Topology; Topology of Manifolds; Geometrical aspects of Mathematical Physics and Relations with Manifold Topology; Applications of Smarandache multi-spaces to theoretical physics; Applications of Combinatorics to mathematics and theoretical physics; Mathematical theory on gravitatio...

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Extending Homomorphism Theorem to Multi-Systems Abstract: The multi-laterality of WORLD implies multi-systems to be its best candidate model for ones cognition on nature, which is also included in an ancient book of China, TAO TEH KING written by Lao Zi, an ancient philosopher of China. Then how it works to mathematics, not suspended in thought? This paper explains this action by mathematical logic on mathematical systems generalized to Smarandache systems, or such systems with combinatorial structures, i.e., combinatorial systems, and shows how to extend the homomorphism theorem in abstract algebra to multi-systems or combinatorial systems. All works in this paper are motivated by a combinatorial speculation of mine which is reformed on combinatorial systems and can be also applied to geometry. Key Words: Homomorphism theorem, multi-system, combinatorial system. ...

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Contents Extending Homomorphism Theorem to Multi-Systems BY LINFAN MAO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01 A Double Cryptography Using the Smarandache Keedwell Cross Inverse Quasigroup BY T. G. JA´IY´EOL´A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 On the Time-like Curves of Constant Breadth in Minkowski 3-Space BY SUHA YILMAZ AND MELIH TURGUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 On the Basis Number of the Strong Product of Theta Graphs with Cycles BY M.M.M. JARADAT, M.F. JANEM AND A.J. ALAWNEH. . . . . . . . . . . .40 Smarandache Curves in Minkowski Space-time BY MELIH TURGUT AND S¨UHA YILMAZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 The Characterization of Symmetric Primitive Matrices with exponent n − 3 BY LICHAO, HUANGFU AND JUNLIANG CAI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 The Crossing Number of the Circulant Graph C(3k − 1; {1, k}) BY JING WANG AND YUANQIU HUANG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 On the Edge Geodetic and k-Edge Geodetic Number of a Graph BY A.P. SANTHAKUMARAN AND S.V. ULLAS CHANDRAN. . . . . . . . . .85 Simple Path Cove...

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In a world of chaotic alignments, traditional logic with its strict boundaries of truth and falsity has not imbued itself with the capability of reflecting the reality. Despite various attempts to reorient logic, there has remained an essential need for an alternative system that could infuse into itself a representation of the real world. Out of this need arose the system of Neutrosophy, and its connected logic, Neutrosophic Logic. Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy that studies the origin, nature and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra. This was introduced by one of the authors, Florentin Smarandache. A few of the mentionable characteristics of this mode of thinking are [90-94]: It proposes new philosophical theses, principles, laws, methods, formulas and movements; it reveals that the world is full of indeterminacy; it interprets the uninterpretable; regards, from many different angles, old concepts, systems and proves that an idea which is true in a given referential system, may be false in another, and vice versa; attempts to make peace in the war of ideas, and to make w...

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The primary purpose of the Hawaiian Language Reprint Series, as noted in connection with the publication of the rst two buke in this series, is to make available signicant works originally printed in the Hawaiian language in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries but now long out of print and difcult to access. Ka Mooolelo Hawaii, the third in the series, is especially signicant for the place it holds among the large body of works produced by Native Hawaiian writers. As M. Puakea Nogelmeier explains in the Introduction that follows, Ka Mooolelo Hawaii, printed in 1838, is the rst book credited to Native Hawaiian writers, the rst history of the islands published in the Hawaiian language, and the rst concentrated effort to commit Hawaiian oral traditions to paper. The student of Hawaiian history may wonder, what is the connection between the present Ka Mooolelo Hawaii and another well known volume of the same title authored by David Malo As explained in the Introduction, the former is an amalgam that grew out of an 1836 seminar organized by Reverend Sheldon Dibble at Lahainaluna and attended by ten advanced students, one of whom...

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Ua ho‘omaka ‘o Dibble i ka hana me ka ho‘ili‘ili ‘ana mai i mau huna ‘ike ‘ano nui a laha e pili ana i ka mo‘olelo Hawai‘i. Maopopo le‘a ke kulana pohihihi o ia ‘ike i ia wa, ‘oiai kaka‘ikahi na palapala ho‘oia a pa‘a ka nui o ua ‘ano ‘ike la ma na ku‘ono waihona ho‘omana‘o o ka po‘e ola. Ho‘oholo like ‘ia paha, ina e malama ‘ia ana, ‘o ia no ka manawa e hana ai. Na Dibble no i ho‘oulu i mau ninau ma ke ‘ano i hiki ai a ho‘o- nohonoho iho ma ke ka‘ina manawa. A laila, wae ‘o ia i na haumana ‘oi loa o ke kulanui, he ‘umi ka huina. Ho‘onoho ‘ia lakou ma ke ‘ano he papa noi‘i a ‘o ka ha‘awina mua ka hele pakahi ‘ana aku i na kanaka kahiko o ia au, na ali‘i a me ka lehulehu, e ho‘ili‘ili mai i ka ‘ike maia lakou mai ma ia ninau. Ma ia ‘ano i loa‘a mai ai na mo‘o- lelo ha‘i waha a na kupuna a ua ho‘ohui ‘ia me na mea a na haumana i ‘ike maka ai, ‘oiai he kanaka makua kekahi o lakou. Kakau ‘ia iho ia mau mo‘olelo a pa‘a ma ka pepa, a heluhelu ‘ia na pepa ma ka papa, kahi i ho‘oponopono pualu ‘ia ai. A pau ia ninau aku a ia ninau aku me ka ho‘oponopono pualu ‘ia o na pepa a pau, ‘o ia ka ke kumu a‘o i ho‘oponopono a ho‘opaku‘iku‘i aku ai n...

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The following collection of archival and oral historical records was compiled by Kumu Pono Associates LLC, at the request of Sam Garcia, Jr., and Jon Garcia, owners of a 5.497 acre parcel of land, situated in the ahupuaa (native land division) of Kaeo, in the Honuaula region of Maui (TMK 2- 1-007:067). The Garcia parcel extends from near sea level at the shore to about fifty feet in elevation above sea level, and the family proposes to develop their five-plus acre parcel into a small subdivision, containing eleven single family residences. As a part of the planning process, a preservation plan is needed for a site identified as a heiau (temple), that is situated on the property. In addition to the heiau, stone walls, habitation features, agricultural mounds, terraces, enclosures, and modified outcrops were also identified, as a part of an archaeological survey conducted by Haun and Associates (Haun et al., 2000 & 2004). The cultural resources are interpreted as dating from the period of pre-history to historic ranching and later residency activities (Haun, 2000 & 2004; and Frampton, 2002, revised, 2004). The research conducted as a...

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This long essay is the second part of a series, with the first part being “USA Russia & China in the Middle East: Alliances & Conflicts”. Over 80 maps are used to explain the energy war between Russia and Turkey, two countries that have been fighting for regional dominance for many centuries. Today, the main geographical locations of their conflicts are the regions of Central Asia and East Mediterranean Sea. Both Central Asia and the East Mediterranean Sea are of strategic importance for the connection of Europe to the oil and natural gas reserves of the Caspian Sea and the Middle East. This essay examines in great detail the relations of both Russia and Turkey with the countries of these regions. ...

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Between 1916 and 1945 Valesca Reimann, from South Australia, taught Western classics, Latin and mathematics at Trinity College, Kandy, in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Trinity College was founded on Christianity in a largely Buddhist, Hindu and Moslem country. Sinhalese and Tamil cultures added to the mix. The boys at the school were mostly from these cultures and also came from nearby countries. The school was run along the lines of an English public school. In this book, Valesca Reimann tells how she navigated through this, fell in love with the people and the country and added jungle adventures and visits to historical places along the way - ever curious and mostly undaunted. At the College, she is still remembered as a "legend". ...

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MANY THEMES of modern Hawaiian history have their antecedents in a single historic episode—the mahele. In the 1840s, Kauikeaouli, or Kamehameha III, abandoned traditional Hawaiian land tenure in favor of the Western concept of private owner-ship of property, an event second only to the arrival of the Europeans in its impact on Hawai‘i. In the matter of a few years, Hawai‘i changed from a society in which the ali‘i ai?moku, or king, served as stew-ard of the land that belonged to the gods, to one in which he, the ali‘i, or nobility, and the maka?ainana, or com-moners, acquired outright ownership of land. Surveying the Mahele is the second volume in the series Palapala‘aina, the first of which, The Early Mapping of Hawai‘i, was recognized as the outstanding book of 1985–1993 by Ka Palapala Po‘okela, the association of Hawaiian publishers, who honored it with the first Samuel Kamakau Award. Surveying the Mahele examines the work of many im-portant figures, including the few professional surveryors, such as William Webster, whose work in Hawai‘i was as fine as any in the world. It describes the efforts of many missionaries, including...

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As a part of a state-wide program designed to protect, restore, and further the public benefit of significant Hawaiian natural resources making up three existing Natural Area Reserves, and one reserve, all on the island of Hawaii, Ms. Lisa Hadway, Natural Area Specialist for the State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources-Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DLNR-DOFAW), requested that Kumu Pono Associates LLC conduct detailed historical-archival research that would describe the traditional-cultural and historical setting of lands within existing, or proposed Natural Area Reserves on the Island of Hawaii. This component of the study discusses several ahupuaa that contribute to the land area of the Puu o Umi Natural Area Reserve situated on the Kohala-Hamakua mountains, Island of Hawaii (Figure 1). The Puu o Umi Natural Area Reserve (NAR) is generally set within the upper reaches of the ili of Puukapu, which belongs to the larger land of Waimea, though it also includes the upper portions of neighboring watershed forests of other ahupuaa in both Kohala and Hamakua. The NAR was once a part of the Kohala Forest Reserve, whic...

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We focus our discussions in this book on cities, because in our opinion a city is the smallest economic entity which has ‘self-organizing’ character, in a sense that a city can grow by itself (with minimum intervention). Nonetheless, this book will not discuss the self-organization character itself, but a new concept called ‘Cultural Economy’ development. Cultural Economic here is part of leisure and tourism industry, and depends on taste, advertisement, history, and the quality of being diverse, distinctive, with a large spectrum of varieties....

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Content ................... 3 Prologue ....................... 4 Biography of authors .................. 7 Chapter 1. Historical Precursor ............. 8 Pitfalls of Industrialization Is there alternative to industrialization? A review of economics thinking Box I: Cultural Advantage and Cultural Studies Chapter 2. Cultural Advantage as Alternative ............. 20 De-Industrialization and Emergence of Experience Economy Cultural Advantage, a new proposition Chapter 3. High-Tech/High-Touch and Cultural Advantage ..... 31 To automate or not to automate? How to implement Cultural Advantage in city development Box III: Cultural Advantage and Anthropology Chapter 4. A few examples: Lessons to learn ............. 40 a. Nicosia b. Toronto c. Venice d. Huzhou e. Valencia f. Chicago g. Romanian Lesson h. Eastern Europe Lesson i. Argentina Lesson Chapter 5. Introduction to Poly-Emporium Theory ............. 49 A new proposition: Extended Tobin Tax Bibliography.........60...

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Old timer ‘root-cellars’ had water barrels that froze when it was too cold. Northern lights are similar, but in the sky. Flaring denotes both freezing and perhaps atmospheric friction. Northern lights combine uranium chalk (for green lights), water, and collapsed balloons of atmospheres in the far north. At minus 35 degrees Celsius (C) or so, gaseous lights turn to icebergs and float in the sky. Think of these terms: • Ice lenses • Tesla’s atmospheric friction electrical generation (7 atmospheres) • ‘Root- cellar’ water barrels • Rivers- in- the- sky ...and think of Galileo, the Toronto School Board of Education, Copernicus, and ...GURBIN!...

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From approximately Dec 1/2012 to mid- may year 2013, I was very fortunate to have the unique experience of being a winter caretaker for Ennedai Lake Lodge, Nunavut territory, Kivaliq region. For about five months I had a wood burning stove on the edge of Canada's northern tree line to keep from freezing to death. I was supplied with proper gear to live through temperatures ranging from +15 C to a low of - 55 C, very cold! I was provisioned both at the camp and also upon being flown in. I planned to ice fish but ten feet of ice is tough to get through when a back injury prevents ‘quick- pull’ actions needed to start a power auger and also a snowmobile. I called HQ in Resolute Bay, or in Iqaluit, twice a week sometimes only getting through once (the local term is being 'weathered out'). I saw foxes, singular wolverines (purposeful tanks that can take out a grizzly), lots of birds, northern lights, sundogs, moondogs, green snow, blue snow, and many northern experiences unfathomable to southern warmer eyes. It is often hard to recall those eyes upon returning south, such is the absolute wonder I have witnessed in the north. I melted ...

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CHAPTER ONE: A Maverick book … CHAPTER TWO: What if H2O is mixed with radioactivity? … CHAPTER THREE: Canada really is ‘Bloody Canada’ as was ‘little France’, aka ‘Bloody Scotland’. Or: So I think URANIUM is in the hydrology cycle. … CHAPTER FOUR: I’m baffled by this all… & older bro says “more iodized salt”. … CHAPTER FIVE: Snow White’s Palace for a Disney destination. … CHAPTER SIX: Lynn Andrews needs to move her people- not only because no one I’ve heard of has tried corralling Muskox (twice the iron content of bison). … CHAPTER SEVEN: ICE LIGHTS! and moondogs and skyquakes- OH MY! … CHAPTER EIGHT: Save the Queen, not the Wi-Fi. … CHAPTER NINER: The un-named 2000’ highpointed Stoney Mountains of Kug/ Coppermine to Churchill that hold the weather in, as in- ‘in’sanely cold (locally named). … CHAPTER X: Green mud forming around a small green chalky pebble- it’s a water-soluble-dissolving-pebble in a wet puddle. ...

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In this book the authors endeavor to provide the people of the State of Hawaii with a glossary of important place names in the State, including names of valleys, streams, mountains, land sections, surfing areas, towns, villages, and Honolulu streets and buildings. The first edition of Place Names of Hawaii contained only 1,125 entries. The coverage is expanded in the present edition to include about 4,000 entries, including names in English. Individual entries have been lengthened, especially for important places or those rich in legendary or historical associations, for example, Io-lani, Ka-huku, Ka-lihi, Ka-wai-a-Ha o, Moana-lua, and La Pérouse. As in the earlier volume, meanings of the Hawaiian names are given when possible, as well as background information and, in some instances, references that may be consulted for verification and further information. Approximately 800 more names are included in this volume than appear in the Atlas of Hawaii (see References). The difference is due to the inclusion here of names of surfing areas, streets, and buildings, and of rocks and spots for which legends exist. The names in the Gloss...

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Glossary. 1 -- Hawaiian words used in the Glossary. 3 -- Abbreviations used in the Glossary. 4 -- Glossary. 5 -- Appendix. 235 -- Previous studies of place names. 235 -- Sources consulted. 237 -- Sound changes and the need for salvage. 238 -- New names. 241 -- Structural analysis. 243 -- Semantic analysis. 253 -- Words of non-Hawaiian origin and names of streets and buildings. 263 -- Connotative values of place names. 266 -- Names found elsewhere in Polynesia. 277 -- Representation of the lexicon and the grammar in the place names. 280 -- References. 281 --...

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At the request of Stephanie Nagata, on behalf of the University of Hawaii-Office of Mauna Kea Management, Kumu Pono Associates LLC undertook research, compiled a detailed collection of archival-historical records, and conducted oral history interviews with kupuna and elder kamaaina, pertaining to the ahupuaa (native land divisions) of Kaohe, Humuula and neighboring aina mauna (mountain lands) of Mauna Kea, on the island of Hawaii. This work was undertaken as a part of on-going archival and oral historical research conducted by Kumu Pono Associates LLC, since 1996, and builds upon the accounts published by Maly in 1997, 1999, 2002, and 2003. The study is multifaceted, and includes detailed verbatim accounts and descriptions of Mauna Kea, the larger Humuula-Kaohe lands, and aina mauna, covering the periods of Hawaiian antiquity and traditions, to first-hand accounts of travel on and around Mauna Kea, dating from the early 1820s to the 1960s. One of the primary goals of this study has been to bring a significant collection of historical resource material, describing—native Hawaiian traditions, traditional and customary practices and b...

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As early as the 1820s, introduced cattle, sheep, goats, and wild dogs had made their way up to the mountain lands, and were bothersome to those who traveled the aina mauna. In 1834, Scottish naturalist, David Douglas was killed by a wild bullock at Keahua-ai (now called Douglas Pit or Kaluakauka), near the boundary of Humuula and Laupahoehoe. By 1850, the natural-cultural landscape of the aina mauna was being significantly altered by the roving herds of wild bullocks, sheep and other ungulates, and ranching interests were being formalized in the region. In 1857, the Crown and Government mountain lands of Humuula and Kaohe—including the summit of Mauna Kea—were leased to Francis Spencer and the Waimea Grazing and Agricultural Company, which established ranching stations and operations around the mountain lands. Portions of the land of Piihonua were leased to native bird hunters in the middle 1860s, and subsequently to native and foreign bullock hunters. As a result, Humuula and the larger aina mauna have been intensively ranched for more than 150 years....

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This third series of the Fornander Collection of Hawaiian Folklore, in its varied character, presents valuable features for antiquarian and ethnic students of Polynesia in general and Hawaii in particular. The papers included in Part I, mostly the result of S. N. Haleole’s researches in the work and workings of the Sorcery priesthood, is a revelation of the power and influence of that body over the Hawaiian race in all their vocations, and through his connections with members of the order he may be said to have written with a clear knowledge of his subject. The opening paper on Religious Ceremonies of the Temple came to the collection from Dr. W. D. Alexander, as the contribution of Kamakau, of Kaawaloa, an eminent authority in his day, a noiau (skilled in such matters), and reputed to have been a chanter of Kame-hameha’s court. Part II. embraces historic studies and fragmentary notes of Judge Fornander, selected from his miscellaneous papers, as affording an insight into his line of research work, hence, has little of the original Hawaiian and translation feature of the other parts. Part III. is devoted entirely to cha...

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The mother being faint from unpleasant sensations, and groaning at the time, without appetite for food, they (the attendants) sought to ascertain her cravings. Then certain women came to her and asked, “What sort of illness have you that you hide yourself?” She said to them, “I do not know; (I am) simply languid. ” The women then said to her, “Let’s see; we will examine you. ” She took off her garment and they examined her body while one of the women took hold of and felt of her breasts, which, on releasing the hand, they observed the contraction of the nipples of her breasts, and exclaimed, “You probably have a child; you are likely pregnant with one; tell us. ” One of the women said that she was simply bloated; there was no child. Another woman, however, persisted, “You are pregnant. ” They each asked her, “How many months since you last menstruated?” “Two, since my menses period has passed. ” One of the women asked her, ‘What do you crave to eat?” “There is nothing that I long for. I try hard to eat."...

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Preface -- 1 -- Concerning Ancient Religious Ceremonies -- 2 -- Various Heathen Prayers -- 46 -- Concerning the Construction of the Heiau -- 52 -- History of the Hawaiian Priesthood Called the Order of Sorcery -- 56 -- History of the Hawaiian Priesthood in Olden Time Called Hoomanamana -- 66 -- Explanatory Remarks—History of the Sorcery Priesthood—Divisions and Ordinances—Sacrifice Services of the Student—Divination— Praying to Death—Divination Relating to Houses—Divining Omens by the Clouds—Foreítelling the Weather—The Healing Priests— Canoe Dreams—Adverse Signs—the Rainbow and the Rain—The Excrements—Bananas— The Mud-Hen—Auguries in Relation to Kings —The Massage Priest—the Hoounauna Priest —The Hookomokomo Priest—the Makani Priest—The Love-Inducing Priest—The One-oneihonua—Signs Pertaining to Fishermen— Occupation of Farmers—Dreams—Auguries Relating to the Priesthood—Moles—Favorable Birth Months—Auguries of the Canoe-Hewing Priests—Spear Hurling—Bone Breaking Trading as Related to Agriculture—Ceremonial Functions of the Priesthood—Method of Building the Temple—Some Famous Priests -- An Account of Cultivation -- 160 -- Dry Plantin...

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On behalf of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs Board of Trustees, it is my pleasure to present the 2006 edition of the “Native Hawaiian Data Book”, a comprehensive statistical profile of the current status of the Native Hawaiian community. This data is gathered and compiled to assist community organizations to develop and strengthen service programs and community action projects to effectively meet the needs of Native Hawaiians. Data and information are key components in protecting and perpetuating the health and well-being of Native Hawaiians and ensuring the Native Hawaiian culture thrives for generations to come as the foundation of the emerging Native Hawaiian nation. The information in this 2006 edition of the “Native Hawaiian Data Book” was gathered from sources including: The Kamehameha Schools, Policy Analysis and System Evaluation (PASE); the State of Hawaii Departments of Health, Public Safety, Hawaiian Home Lands, Human Services, Business, Economic Development and Tourism; the University of Hawai and the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. This 2006 edition also includes a resource list for health,...

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Within the last decade, the U.S. Census Bureau has continued to take great strides to ensure adequate representation of Native Hawaiian issues among their various data products. For the first time in history, individuals could select more than one race for Census 2000. This meant more accurate counts for Native Hawaiians, who could now be separated from the category, “Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander” (NHOPI) by being counted as Native Hawaiian alone or in combination with other races. According to the U.S. Census 2000 data, there are approximately 401,162 Native Hawaiians in Hawaii and on the continent. In the State of Hawaii alone, there are over 239,655 Native Hawaiians, representing 60% of the total population of Native Hawaiians in the United States. Population forecasts suggest that while the Native Hawaiian population continues to steadily increase, the population of Native Hawaiians in Hawaii is slowly decreasing due to the increasing cost of living and limited economic opportunities. Along with the U.S. Census Bureau, the State of Hawaii Department of Health also plays a crucial role in measuring the vital stati...

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Demographics. 15 -- Population Distribution By Age Group By State. 18 -- Kauai County Gis Map. 21 -- Oahu Gis Map. 22 -- Maui County Gis Map. 23 -- Hawaii County Gis Map. 24 -- Marriages By Ethnicity Of Groom And Ethnicity Of Bride: 2003 And 2004. 25 -- Resident Live Births By Resident County And Ethnicity Of Mother: 2003 And 2004. 26 -- Resident Live Births Where Mother Is Unmarried By Ethnicity Of Child: 2003 And 2004. 27 -- Resident Live Births Where Mother Is Unmarried By Ethnicity Of Mother: 2003 And 2004. 28 -- Resident Deaths By Ethnicity Of Decedent: 2003 And 2004. 29 -- Resident Abortions By Ethnicity Of Patients And Age Of Patient: 2003 And 2004. 30 -- Resident Infant Deaths By Ethnicity Of Mother: 2003 And 2004. 31 -- Resident Infant Deaths By Ethnicity Of Infant: 2003 And 2004. 32 -- Vital Indicators Of Maternal And Child Health Ranked By -- Ethnicity Of Mother Residents: 2003 And 2004. 34 -- Estimated Acreage Of Land Usage: December 31, 2003. 40 -- Landowners In Hawait 2000 - 2003. 41 -- Queen Liliuokalani Trust Land Holdings: 2004. 42 -- Queen Liliuokalani Trust Usage Of Land Holdings: 2004. -- Lunalilo Trust Land Hol...

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The antiwar of our entire nation is defined as being the army-impeded forces, skirmishing shoulder to shoulder with the civilian population, with the purpose of defeating all non-aggressors, for securing our country’s slavery and dependency. The defeat in this battle is assured through a moral inferiority of our population - the right cause of this antiwar -, the lack of heroism of our state’s citizens, by applying an adequate blundering, using our geographical disadvantages, and the international public humiliation. ...

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The battle and its non-goal. The battle is an ensemble of skirmishes of the subunits and units, which take place in a disorganized manner using armament and fighting techniques, for the expressed desire to enforce the enemy. The battle cannot take place on the ground, in the air, or on the water, in an open paradoxist cooperation with all-military denominations, and using their armament’s procedures with the goal of empowering the non-aggressor enemy. The battle is not the only way for obtaining the miscarriage. The battle’s goal is not the destruction or the capture of enemy’s groups, or the capture and holding on of critical portions of terrain. While in anti-defense, the defeat with fewer forces of the enemy’s superior forces would be done with our old-fashioned technique: ...

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Instruction Notebooks...............................3 Table of Contents .................................4 1 The Non-Tactical Instruction...........................10 Non-Assignment 1. ...............................10 The battle and its non-goal. ...........................12 The principles of non-organizing the battle’s actions. .................13 Non-Assignment 2...............................13 The disorganization principle of the subunits of unpatriotic guards. ............15 The subunits of the other branches of the military, their non-role, and their non-missions. ....15 The non-role and non-missions unsustainable by the other branches of the military. ......16 Not understanding the modern military ......................17 General principles disregarding the non-actions conducted by the subunits of a non-modern military in the inoffensive battles............................18 The anti-defense forms............................20 The non-roles and the non-missions of the fight units. .................20 The non-insurance for battle...........................20 The content of the battle’s non-insurance, its goal...

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Total consumption of milk in developing regions is projected to increase from 164 million metric tonnes in 1993 to 391 million metric tons by the year 2020 – a 138 percent increase! The expected increase in per capita consumption is from 38 to 62 kg/person. The triple effects of population increase, income growth and urbanisation will fuel this tremendous growth in demand. Milk provides quality protein and essential micronutrients needed for nutrient balance in marginal diets based on staple grain and root crops. The production of more milk in developing countries will help meet the needs of urban families at prices they can afford. With affordable prices, poor families, especially children, are more likely to consume the quality protein and essential micronutrients they need for healthy physical and mental development. Increasing dairy production is a major challenge for those engaged in international livestock development. Moreover, there are environmental concerns about livestock production in fragile landscapes, so increasing milk supply should be done in an environmentally sustainable manner. Research can help meet this c...

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Table of Contents About the Authors Acknowledgements Foreward Chapter 1: The dairy industry in a changing world H. Schelhaas Introduction Four specific features of the dairy industry Milk production The processing industry in Western countries Dairy policy Consumption of dairy products in Western countries The international dairy markets Conclusions Suggested reading Chapter 2: Dairy production systems in the tropics P. N. de Leeuw, A. Omore, S. Staal and W. Thorpe Global overview of tropical dairy production Sub-Saharan Africa Asia Central and South America Dairy production systems in sub-Saharan Africa Dairy production systems in Asia Dairy production systems in Latin America Dual-purpose systems Intensive milk production Conclusions References Chapter 3: Socio-economic aspects of smallholder dairy farmers A. J. De Boer Introduction Smallholder dairy farming systems Types of systems Post-milking considerations Technological change and technology transfer for smallholder dairying Background Methods On-farm trials Change, dynamics and opportunities Impact of economic liberalisa...

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The long-awaited third edition of the Atlas of Hawai'i is entirely revised in content and design. It is divided into six sections, five of which are abundantly illustrated. The first contains detailed reference maps with place names for towns, mountains, bays, harbors, and other features; geographical descriptions of the state and the main islands; and an introduction to Hawaiian place names. This is followed by four sections on the physical, biotic, cultural, and social aspects of the Hawai'i environment. Geology, climate, the ocean, water, soils, and astronomy are among the topics discussed in "The Physical Environment." Next the special character of terrestrial and marine ecosystems is described in "The Biotic Environment." "The Cultural Environment" considers the people of Hawai'i. The diversity of the state's cultures is treated in chapters on history and languages as well as archaeology, religion, and the arts. "The Social Environment" treats such elements as the economy, government, and tourism. The sixth and final section comprises a statistical supplement, bibliography, and gazetteer for the reference maps. Readers of th...

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Eo e ku'u lei mokupuni o na kai 'ewalu- I call to you, acknowledge O my lei islands of the eight seas. Located between 19 and 22 degrees north latitude, Hawai'i is the southernmost state in the United States and has the same general latitude as Hong Kong and Mexico City. It is situated almost in the center of the Pacific Ocean and is one of the most isolated yet populous places on Earth. The west coast of North America, for example, is 2,400 miles (3,900 kilometers) from Honolulu, and Japan is 3,800 miles (6,100 kilometers) away. Six time zones separate Hawai'i from the eastern United States. This means that 9:00 A.M. (eastern standard time) in Washington, D.C. and New York City is 6:00 a.m. in Los Angeles and 4:00 a.m. in Hawai'i....

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Preface -- ix -- Acknowledgments -- xi -- Introduction -- xiii -- Kaua'i and Ni'ihau -- 3 -- O'ahu -- 7 -- Moloka'i and Lana'i -- 11 -- Maui -- 14 -- Hawai'i -- 17 -- Northwestern Hawaiian Islands -- 23 -- Hawaiian Place Names -- 26 -- Mapping and Geodesy -- 29 -- Geology -- 37 -- Geothermal Resources -- 47 -- Climate -- 49 -- Hawai'i and Atmospheric Change -- 60 -- Paleoclimate and Geography -- 64 -- Natural Hazards -- 67 -- Earthquakes -- 69 -- Volcanic Hazards on the Island of Hawai'i -- 72 -- Hurricanes -- 74 -- Tsunamis -- 76 -- Coastal Hazards -- 79 -- The Ocean -- 82 -- Water -- 87 -- Soils -- 92 -- Astronomy -- 97 -- Biogeography -- 103 -- Evolution -- 107 -- Marine Ecosystems -- 111 -- Terrestrial Ecosystems -- 121 -- Birds -- 130 -- Native Plants -- 135 -- Insects and Their Kin -- 140 -- Hawaiian Tree Snails -- 144 -- Alien Species and Threats to Native Ecology -- 146 -- Endangered and Threatened Species -- 150 -- Protected Areas -- 154 -- Archaeology -- 161 -- History -- 169 -- Population -- 183 -- Languages -- 198 -- Religion -- 201 -- Architecture -- 205 -- Museums and Libraries -- 208 -- Culture and the Arts -- 211 --...

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The concept of science and the sciences. Fundamental and historical development in the sciences. Great ideas that revolutionize our scientific world. The story of the cell and Biology. The birth of modern Biology. The rise of the modern University and experimental stations. The cell as the basic building block of life. The origin of life. The development of microbiology and microscopy. The germ theory of diseases, vaccines, and antibiotics. The vector insects and infectious diseases. The virus, viral diseases, and vaccines. The principle of vegetation and the basic requirements of plants. William Harvey, the heart and the circulatory system. Carl Linneaus and the development of modern taxonomy in biology. Charles Darwin and the development of evolution in biology. Gregor Mendel and the development of genetics and the laws of heredity....

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THE GREATEST FUNDAMENTAL INVENTIONS CREATED BY MOTHER NATURE THE ATOM AND ITS CAPACITY TO STORE AND RELEASE UNIVERSAL ENERGY BY MEANS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES THE CELL AND ITS CAPACITY TO SUSTAIN INDEPENDENT LIFE BY MEANS OF UNIQUE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND ITS CAPACITY TO TRANSFORM SOLAR (LIGHT) ENERGY INTO CHEMICAL AND FOOD ENERGY BY MEANS OF BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES LIGHT AND ITS CAPACITY TO TRANSPORT ENERGY AND CHANGE OUR UNIVERSE BY TRANSFORMING DARKNESS INTO LIGHTNESS BY THE MIRACLE OF ILLUMINATION THE PHENOMENON OF ELECTROMAGNETISM AND ITS CAPACITY TO PRODUCE THE DYNAMIC ELECTRIC CURRENT THAT ENERGIZES AND POWERS OUR UNIVERSE AND THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL OF ALL OF NATURE’S INTUITIVE CREATIONS IS THE PROCESS OF UNIVERSAL TRANSFORMATION, WHERE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION TRANSFORM MATTER, ENERGY, SPACE, TIME AND LIFE ITSELF ...

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INTRODUCTION 1 ABSTRACT ON THE CONCEPT OF PERSPECTIVE AND SENSE OF DUTY 4 THE CONCEPT OF SCIENCE 5 FUNDAMENTAL AND HISTORIC DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SCIENCES 7 ABSTRACT ON THE ATOM AND ITS ENERGY 11 GREAT IDEAS THAT REVOLUTIONIZED OUR SCIENTIFIC WORLD 16 DEMOCRITUS (470 - 380 BC) Greek Philosopher 16 NICHOLAS COPERNICUS (1473 - 1543) Polish Astronomer 17 GALILEO GALILEI (1564 - 1642) Italian Mathematician and Astronomer 18 RENE DESCARTES (1596 - 1650) French Mathematician and Philosopher. 19 ISAAC NEWTON (1642 - 1727) English Scientist and Mathematician 20 ANTOINE LAVOISIER (1743 - 1794) French Chemist 23 JOHN DALTON (1766 - 1844) English Chemist 24 JONS J. BERZELIUS (1779 - 1848) Swedish Chemist 25 HUMPHRY DAVY (1778 - 1829) English Chemist 25 AMEDEO AVOGADRO (1776 - 1856) Italian Physicist 26 DMITRI MENDELEEV (1834 - 1907) Russian Chemist 26 FRIEDRICH A. KEKULE (1829 - 1896) German Organic Chemist 27 JACOBUS VAN’T HOFF (1852 - 1911) Dutch Physical Chemist 28 WILLIAM H. WOLLASTON (1766 - 1828) English Chemist and Physicist 28 EDWARD FRANKLAND (1825 - 1899) English Chemist 29 SVANTE A. ARRHENIUS (1859 -...