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Lack of investment in future agile combat-support technologies could lead to a strategic surprise that diverts military attention and resources from critical air, space, and cyber operations. Looking to the national security environment in 2030, this research explores one technology—the microbial fuel cell (MFC)—that gives life to self-contained facilities decoupled from vulnerable supply lines and infrastructure networks. MFCs can dispose of waste (sewage, food scraps, gray water, etc.) while producing clean water (up to 70 percent of required volumes) and power (up to 600 watts per person). Using relevance tree methodology, the research concludes that USAF research and development investment alone will not bring MFCs to fruition. A successful strategy for MFCs will be collaborative, addressing not only the technological barriers but also the key social, industrial, and political hurdles to enabling this capability....

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This book has six chapters. First chapter gives a brief description of biotechnology. Second chapter deals will proper proportion of mix of raw materials in cement industries to minimize pollution using fuzzy control theory. Chapter three gives the method of determination of temperature set point for crude oil in oil refineries. Chapter four studies the flow rates in chemical industries using fuzzy neutral networks. Chapter five gives the method of minimization of waste gas flow in chemical industries using fuzzy linear programming. The final chapter suggests when in these studies indeterminancy is an attribute or concept involved, the notion of neutrosophic methods can be adopted. The authors feel that the reader should be well versed with fuzzy models like neural networks, fuzzy relational equations, fuzzy control theory, fuzzy linear programming and neutrosophic fuzzy models like NRE together with a knowledge of the technical functioning of chemical industries....

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2.4 Finding the MIX of raw materials in proper proportion and minimize the waste dust using fuzzy neural network. The study of proper proportions of material mix during the clinkerization process is very difficult due to inconsistency in the chemical and mineralogical composition and the variation of these characteristic affects kiln operation, fuel consumption, clinker quality and above all the amount of CKD vent into the atmosphere. Further the raw mix should maintain a fixed range for a specific quality of cement. The problem of satisfying this range involves lot of randomness and uncertainty, which in turn speaks about the desired quality of the clinker. ...

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Preface 5 Chapter One INTRODUCTION 7 Chapter Two BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CHEMICAL INDUSTIRES 11 2.1 Description of waste CKD in cement kiln 13 2.2 Monitoring and control of the system using FCT and improvement of burning zone and combustion 16 2.3 Determination of gas volume setpoint and temperature set point for CKD processing 26 2.4 Finding the MIX of raw materials in proper proportion and minimize the waste dust using fuzzy neural network 35 Chapter Three DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURE SET POINTS FOR CRUDE OIL 47 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Description of Crude Oil Refineries 48 3.3 Determination of Temperature Set-Point of Kerosene Resulting in Better Distillation Using Fuzzy Control Theory 52 3.4 Determination of Temperature Set Point of Naphtha Resulting in Better Distillation using Fuzzy Control Theory 61 3.5 Determination of Temperature Set-Point of Gasoil Resulting in Better Distillation using Fuzzy Control Theory 69 3.6 Conclusions 78 Chapter Four STUDY OF FLOW RATES IN CHEMICAL PLANTS 79 4.1 Use of FRE in Chemical Engineering 79 4.2 Fuzzy neural networks to estimate velocity of flow distribution in a pipe networ...

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This book has five chapters. First chapter is introductory in nature. Here we just study chemical pollution caused by garment industries in chapter two of this book using fuzzy associative memories. In chapter three we give ways to control pollution by improving the system performance using hierarchical genetic fuzzy control algorithm. This study is carried out using the past data reported by Shimada et al (1995). Health hazards suffered by the agriculture labourers; caused by the chemicals used as fertilizers and pesticides is analysed in chapter four using RTD matrices. Chapter five gives a method of minimization of SOx and NOx using fuzzy control theory in cement industries to reduce pollution....

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In this chapter, we have used the fuzzy control method to find the correct measure of pressure and speed of kiln. Using data from Alathur cement industry, we have used mean of maximum method of fuzzy control with the data and we found the pressure and speed of kiln. Here the speed and pressure of kiln are important parameters in the kiln, because the SOx and N0X concentration is dependent on the kiln feed, coal feed and the kiln feed, coal feed are dependent on speed and pressure of kiln. That means if we increase the kiln feed and coal feed we must increase the kiln pressure and speed. By this way the mixing of SOx and NOx with kiln feed is maintained properly or otherwise the SOx and NOx will not mix fully with the kiln feed. The remaining unmixed gases of SOx and NOx are the wastage polluting the environment. For this, we convert all this kiln feed and coal feed level and pressure of kiln and speed of kiln into fuzzy control. By using fuzzy control we identify a correct pressure and speed of the kiln for a given kiln feed and coal feed. When we choose a correct pressure of kiln and speed of kiln through fuzzy control, the SO...

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Preface 5 Chapter One INTRODUCTION 7 Chapter Two USE OF FAM MODELS TO ANALYSE THE POLLUTION CAUSED BY THE GARMENT INDUSTRIES 11 Chapter Three HIERARCHICAL GENETIC ALGORITHM TO IMPROVE THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND REDUCE POLLUTION BY CHEMICAL PLANTS 51 3.1 Introduction 51 3.2 Description of the Problem 53 3.3 Application of Hierarchical Genetic Fuzzy Control Algorithm to Control Process Variables of Decision Tables in Chemical Plants 56 3.4 Use of Hierarchical Genetic Fuzzy Control Algorithm in the Real Data 58 3.5 Conclusions 73 Chapter Four IDENTIFICATION OF THE MAXIMUM AGE GROUP IN WHICH THE AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS SUFFER HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO CHEMICAL POLLUTION USING RTD MATRIX 75 4.1 Introduction 75 4.2 Estimation of the Maximum Age Group of the Agricultural Labourers having Cardio Vascular Problem due to Chemical Pollution using RTD Matrices 77 4.3 Conclusion 93 Chapter Five MINIMIZATION OF SOX AND NOX USING FUZZY CONTROL THEORY IN CEMENT INDUSTRIES TO REDUCE POLLUTION 95 5.1 Introduction 95 5.2 Description of the Problem 97 5.3 Process Fates of Sulfur in Cement Kiln 98 5.4 Process Fates of Ni...

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This study analyzes the characteristics and capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to determine their capability to carry weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The author presents an overview of the various forms of WMD—chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons. The objective is to review the characteristics of both UAVs and WMD to determine if they are capable of being used together as an effective weapon. The result indicates that there is great potential for the use of UAVs as delivery systems for WMD, particularly by developing nations and nonstate actors such as terrorist groups who may not have the technical capability to employ other means. The potential exists for the proliferation of both UAVs and WMD to become widespread and thus a major security concern. There is no clear solution to this problem; however, actions including bringing the issue to the forefront, strengthening export and arms controls, deterrence, and defense will have a synergistic effect that will help mitigate this threat....

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INTRODUCTION . . . . 1 UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE AND REMOTELY PILOTED VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES . . . . . 5 WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION . . . . 13 A PROLIFERATION SCENARIO . . . . . 27 ANALYSIS . . . . . 29 CONCLUSION . . . . . 41 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . 43...

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Total consumption of milk in developing regions is projected to increase from 164 million metric tonnes in 1993 to 391 million metric tons by the year 2020 – a 138 percent increase! The expected increase in per capita consumption is from 38 to 62 kg/person. The triple effects of population increase, income growth and urbanisation will fuel this tremendous growth in demand. Milk provides quality protein and essential micronutrients needed for nutrient balance in marginal diets based on staple grain and root crops. The production of more milk in developing countries will help meet the needs of urban families at prices they can afford. With affordable prices, poor families, especially children, are more likely to consume the quality protein and essential micronutrients they need for healthy physical and mental development. Increasing dairy production is a major challenge for those engaged in international livestock development. Moreover, there are environmental concerns about livestock production in fragile landscapes, so increasing milk supply should be done in an environmentally sustainable manner. Research can help meet this c...

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Table of Contents About the Authors Acknowledgements Foreward Chapter 1: The dairy industry in a changing world H. Schelhaas Introduction Four specific features of the dairy industry Milk production The processing industry in Western countries Dairy policy Consumption of dairy products in Western countries The international dairy markets Conclusions Suggested reading Chapter 2: Dairy production systems in the tropics P. N. de Leeuw, A. Omore, S. Staal and W. Thorpe Global overview of tropical dairy production Sub-Saharan Africa Asia Central and South America Dairy production systems in sub-Saharan Africa Dairy production systems in Asia Dairy production systems in Latin America Dual-purpose systems Intensive milk production Conclusions References Chapter 3: Socio-economic aspects of smallholder dairy farmers A. J. De Boer Introduction Smallholder dairy farming systems Types of systems Post-milking considerations Technological change and technology transfer for smallholder dairying Background Methods On-farm trials Change, dynamics and opportunities Impact of economic liberalisa...

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This book was published as a low-cost paperback in 1975; it had a short shelf-life and quickly went out (and stayed out) of print. However I have continued to receive inquiries about it; that, as well as the fact that the workings of evolution are still widely misunderstood, are the factors which led me to produce this Gutenberg edition. In these times when every second popular science book is about the "environmental crisis", why resurrect such an ancient document? Simply because its fundamental argument is a timeless one, an insufficiently appreciated one, and one which is probably as briefly and as clearly expressed here as anywhere. One reviewer at the time thought that the book carried "a chilling message, especially for the parents of young children"; another found it " a shrill book that leaves one resoundingly chirpy about surviving." Now it is available for you to read and make up your own mind....

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If you live on a small island and keep goats, how should you make your decision about the number of goats to keep? If goats die only of old age or when you slaughter one to eat you'll need to be pretty careful, or you'll end up with a plague of goats which will strip the island bare. So don't let the goats breed too freely. But what if the island is also inhabited by a pack of wolves which eat goats as fast as you can breed them? In this case you must obviously do your damnedest to produce as many goats as you possibly can, just to be sure of having one or two for yourself. We live on an island, Earth, that once was full of wolves. But we have shot nearly all the wolves now, and nobody has explained to us that their name was Negative Feedback, and their consequence, Stability....

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I’m Sean Morgan and my mission in life is to give hope to people who are looking for it. I’ve spent years discovering the most effective methods for self-transformation and empowerment from ancient eastern traditions to modern western research. I had to go on this journey due to intense mental, emotional, and physical illness. Now I’m sharing the most powerful insights and practices to provide guidance to those suffering with any or all of the following: low energy, low motivation, physical illness, anxiety, depression, and financial scarcity. The included workbook will guide you through the techniques that worked for me such as deconstructing beliefs, physical healing practices, visualizations, meditations, and journal reflections. You will also develop your understanding of neural pattern interruptions, emotional energy cycles, the correlation between social introversion and depression, and much more. By the end of this book you will know why patterns of negativity persist in ourselves and in the world. Second, you will understand what it takes to break free from patterns of victimhood, illness, depression, and fear. Thir...

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Hi, I'm Sean Morgan. My mission in life is to give hope to people who are looking for it. In the past, I've worked with anxiety, panic disorder, depression, depersonalization, and extreme illness. I was hospitalized and medicated as a teen for panic disorder. The medication actually made things worse, and I found wellness through healthy lifestyle choices. In my twenties, I suffered from chronic Lyme disease and depression. It put me on a journey to discover as many healing practices as possible for my body and mind. It was only through the destruction of a precious relationship with my fiancee that I was willing to take responsibility for my mental health. I realized that I am 100% responsible for my own circumstances through my thoughts, feelings, and actions. Now I’m happy to say that I'm healthy in body and mind. If I could have just one wish for people struggling, it would be to experience the same life-changing revelation regarding responsibility. I always wanted to “make a difference”. I tried to become powerful by studying business. Then I realized that my vocation was to work directly in a caring profession. ...

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Table Of Contents Introduction In The Beginning The Emotional Body How Beliefs Relate To The Emotional Body Releasing An Emotion Deconstructing Beliefs And Creating New Ones Using Inquiry To Unroot A Belief Memories Using Ancient Practices To Clear Negative Patterns Healing Through Massage Reiki And Therapeutic Touch The Relaxation Response And Gene Expression Easy Ways To Empower Yourself When You Have Low Energy And Motivation The Friendly Universe Making Decisions From The Heart Direct Conversation With The Unconscious Mind How The Mind, Body, and Emotions Affect Each Other The Inner Resource Bank Account Model Introversion and Social Anxiety Change Your Physiology Health And Happiness Cause Socially Dominant Behavior And Vice Versa Reference Experiences New Life Scripts Sunlight, Tanning, and Full Spectrum Lighting Intense Energy Movement In The Body Healing Crisis Bliss Drugs Alternate Views Of Reality Self Parenting Is Healing Yourself Selfish? Facing Death Darkness To Daylight 30 Day Challenge Darkness To Dawn The Voice Of Resistance and The Antidote Of Self-Love Evidence For Strategies...

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Relocation is often defined as a stressful and nerve-racking experience that eats up too much time and money, leaving you emotionally and physically drained. And yet, it doesn’t have to be this way. The key to successfully writing your own happy ending to the grim moving story is to be adequately prepared for Moving day by following the required packing steps. Cleverly structured by esteemed relocation experts and, the purpose of this moving book is to help you organize and execute a smooth and trouble-free move with the least effort on your part. Be well informed. Be a smart decision-maker. Make all the right moves....

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It is universally known that moving often turns out to be a stressful experience with an insatiable appetite for time and money. The psychological impact of any relocation process cannot be predicted with any certainty and its side effects may last from a couple of weeks to a few years depending on what type of person you are. Being well prepared for the upcoming move is fundamental not only for your emotional well-being, but for that of the people around you as well....

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Introduction How To Mentally Prepare For A Move “Plans are nothing; planning is everything” It’s time to say goodbye You are what matters most A change might do you good Top 10 Best Organizing Ideas For Moving Be prudent when choosing your moving service Box it in and pack it up Devise a clever sorting system Make a survival kit Guard your valuables Get rid of excess stuff Accept any help you can get Let your camera be your pal Spread the word Make it children and pet safe Bonus idea: Start early and don’t rush yourself Top 10 Moving Mistakes And How To Avoid Them 1. Not planning your move 2. Failing to ask for an in-house estimate 3. Not obtaining multiple moving quotes 4. Not researching the moving companies 5. Choosing the company with the lowest quote 6. Bypassing items during the estimate 7. Packing poorly the day before the move 8. Failing to understand your insurance options 9. Entrusting irreplaceable valuables in the hands of the movers 10. Not understanding the moving paperwork Non-Allowable Items: What To Do When Movers Say No Hazardous materials Perishable food Pets and plants Irreplaceab...

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Parapedagogy is the science which studies the techniques of instruction and destruction and the deconfiguration of personality. It is concerned with non goals, discontents, anti principles, methods and disorganization forms of the education. In the misseducation research other disciplines are involved, such as the inhuman anatomy and psychology (especially the mass brain washing), the anti sociology of education which studies the psycho-asocial-anti-cultural medium and its sad influence over the personality. ...

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The parapedagogy definition The parapedagogy is the science which studies the techniques of instruction and destruction and the deconfiguration of personality. It is concerned with non goals, discontents, principles, methods and disorganization forms of the instruction and misseducation. The fundamental research in parapedagogy has the main goal to discover the laws and principles of parapedagogy, to establish an idealistic philosophy of the misseducation guideline in the misprocess of reconfiguration of the inhuman personality. The applicative research is preoccupied with student’s individuality, to detect and develop the inaptitude, anti talents, and the discovery of methods and procedures, which would decrease the school efficiency in its misprocess. In the parapedagogy research other disciplines are involved, such as the inhuman anatomy and psychology (especially the brain washing in mass), the sociology of misseducation which studies the psycho-asocial-anti-cultural medium and its influence over the personality. The historic and dialectic immaterialism constitutes the theoretical and methodological base of the parapedagogy res...

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Table of Discontents .................................5 Chapter 1 – Misseducation and Parapedagogy............... 10 Misseducation and parapedagogy...........................10 The miss concept of misseducation..........................13 Chapter 2 - The parapedagogic research.................. 14 The parapedagogy definition.............................14 The non‐objectives of parapedagogy research......................14 Research methods in parapedagogy..........................14 The biological bases of the psychological under development...............18 The role of the environment in personality disconfiguration................19 The rapport between maturity, learning, under‐development...............19 Chapter 3 - Knowledge about student’s personality .............20 The phases of intellectual under‐development......................20 The miss‐concepts of individual, person and personality..................21 The psychological miss‐concept of personality ......................22 Chapter 4 – Programs of study and characterization ............ 26 The main characteristics ...............................29 CHOLERIC...

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Hinduism Today New Issued Released The July/August/September 2012 issue of our flagship magazine travels the worlds: the outside and inside worlds, that is. On the Outside Travel with us to an amazing mela just outside of Mysore, India. We did! The Hinduism Today editor attended the five-day festival in January as a chief guest of the Suttur Mutt and its spiritual head, Sri Shivaratri Desikendra. For over 1,000 years this festival has been held, drawing some 400,000 pilgrims this year. The JSS Jathra, as they call it, is part carnival, part pilgrimage, part state fair, part musical concert and part Disneyland. Our article takes you inside the event, but more importantly inside the institution that runs it. Suttur Mutt is among India's best-kept secrets, a massive institution (with education, medical and agricultural projects that are nothing short of mind-boggling) that is founded on the Lingayat/Virasaiva tradition. Enough said. Other major articles include the Sanskrit renaissance, the beleagured Afgan Hindus who are fleeing to Germany, and a new US Supreme Court ruling that will impact Hindus in important ways. On the ...

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An original book focused on the anatomical features in halophytes from Romania. A very good tool for understanding the ecological value of adaptations in plants vegetating on saline habitats. It comprises 500 original photos taken on light microscope - all being original contribution. Coming with an English abstract. ...

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"Most of water on the earth is salty and yet most of the land is not. Over the millennia, salts have been washed from rocks and soils into the oceans where they have accumulated. Where the oceans meet the land then saline areas can form that have an unusual flora, one that tolerates salt concentrations lethal to most of our plant species. These salt-tolerant plants are called halophytes. Halophytes were recognised in the late 1700s, but it took a further hundred years or so before their scientific study began. Since then, there has been a small but steady increase in the numbers of scientific publications on the biochemistry, physiology, ecology and potential economic uses of halophytes. In recent years, the need to feed a burgeoning world population has focussed attention on limitations to agricultural production and the part halophytes might play in our ability to raise crops on saline soils. The saline fringes of the oceans constitute a small proportion of the world’s land surface and are not particularly important agriculturally. However, these saline fringes are not the only salt-affected soils on the world’s land surface. Sal...

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On preservation of the Western rights, freedoms and quality of life in 21st century and beyond

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Systemic approach to life of the highly cultured people provides them with higher level of happiness simply because their lives are better organized, risks are covered, reserves are maintained, dangers avoided, contacts established and so on so forth. Culture is not something that comes only with DNA, but genetic pre-disposition towards culture exists without doubt. Otherwise there would be no examples of people raising themselves above the scum they were born in and reaching high levels of society. Understanding of the elements of high culture, its systemic approach to organizing one’s life, can be practiced by virtually everybody. One just needs to want to elevate themselves and work towards that goal, which may involve getting better training and education, moving to a different neighborhood, getting a different job, spending time on more important things rather than on leisure, quitting drinking and smoking, refusing drugs, taking care of health, concentrating on the upbringing of the children and helping them in their adult life, babysitting grand-children, watching over quality of food supply and keeping the family ...

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Table of Contents Introduction iii Table of Contents iv About this book ix Who should not read this book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Who is this book for? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Response to our critics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x About the authors xiii I What do we want to preserve and why? 1 1 Foreword 3 2 Measuring the quality of life 5 2.1 Individual happiness and self-fulfillment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 Individual rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.3 Social harmony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 Checks and balances 11 3.1 Acceptable personal risk and responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4 What is worth to fight for? 15 4.1 Security of the person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.2 Personal and societal wealth . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

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What this Book is About There is a commonly held view that the incidence and scale of disasters is increasing in the modern world although some disagreement on whether the incidence of events, such as Tsunamis, earthquakes, fires, floods etc., that can give rise to disasters is increasing. The view is understandable, both population and their built environment are increasing so more is at risk and this trend of increased risk will continue while populations continue to rise. As the World Bank Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) enumerates this: ‘Natural disasters are becoming more costly: in constant dollars, disaster costs between 1990 and 1999 were more than 15 times higher ($652 billion in material losses) than they were between 1950 and 1959 ($38 billion at 1998 values) The human cost is also high: over the 1984–2003 period, more than 4.1 billion people were affected by natural disasters. The number affected has grown, from 1.6 billion in the first half of that period (1984–93) to almost 2.6 billion in the second half (1994-2003), and has continued to increase. Although disasters caused by natural events occur throughout...

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List of figures, table & Abbreviations ix Acknowledgements x What this Book is About 1 Chapter 1 - Key Concepts 7 Disaster Risk Reduction 7 Risk 10 Fast and Slow Onset Disasters 11 Resilience 12 Systems Thinking 13 Self-organising Systems 18 A System for Disaster Risk Reduction 21 Evaluation of Natural Disasters 22 Chapter 2 –Components of Disasters and NRM 27 Economic Analysis – Five Forms of Capital 27 The Significance of Context 31 Ecosystems Functional Analysis ...

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The concept of science and the sciences. Fundamental and historical development in the sciences. Great ideas that revolutionize our scientific world. The story of the cell and Biology. The birth of modern Biology. The rise of the modern University and experimental stations. The cell as the basic building block of life. The origin of life. The development of microbiology and microscopy. The germ theory of diseases, vaccines, and antibiotics. The vector insects and infectious diseases. The virus, viral diseases, and vaccines. The principle of vegetation and the basic requirements of plants. William Harvey, the heart and the circulatory system. Carl Linneaus and the development of modern taxonomy in biology. Charles Darwin and the development of evolution in biology. Gregor Mendel and the development of genetics and the laws of heredity....

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THE GREATEST FUNDAMENTAL INVENTIONS CREATED BY MOTHER NATURE THE ATOM AND ITS CAPACITY TO STORE AND RELEASE UNIVERSAL ENERGY BY MEANS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES THE CELL AND ITS CAPACITY TO SUSTAIN INDEPENDENT LIFE BY MEANS OF UNIQUE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND ITS CAPACITY TO TRANSFORM SOLAR (LIGHT) ENERGY INTO CHEMICAL AND FOOD ENERGY BY MEANS OF BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES LIGHT AND ITS CAPACITY TO TRANSPORT ENERGY AND CHANGE OUR UNIVERSE BY TRANSFORMING DARKNESS INTO LIGHTNESS BY THE MIRACLE OF ILLUMINATION THE PHENOMENON OF ELECTROMAGNETISM AND ITS CAPACITY TO PRODUCE THE DYNAMIC ELECTRIC CURRENT THAT ENERGIZES AND POWERS OUR UNIVERSE AND THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL OF ALL OF NATURE’S INTUITIVE CREATIONS IS THE PROCESS OF UNIVERSAL TRANSFORMATION, WHERE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION TRANSFORM MATTER, ENERGY, SPACE, TIME AND LIFE ITSELF ...

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INTRODUCTION 1 ABSTRACT ON THE CONCEPT OF PERSPECTIVE AND SENSE OF DUTY 4 THE CONCEPT OF SCIENCE 5 FUNDAMENTAL AND HISTORIC DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SCIENCES 7 ABSTRACT ON THE ATOM AND ITS ENERGY 11 GREAT IDEAS THAT REVOLUTIONIZED OUR SCIENTIFIC WORLD 16 DEMOCRITUS (470 - 380 BC) Greek Philosopher 16 NICHOLAS COPERNICUS (1473 - 1543) Polish Astronomer 17 GALILEO GALILEI (1564 - 1642) Italian Mathematician and Astronomer 18 RENE DESCARTES (1596 - 1650) French Mathematician and Philosopher. 19 ISAAC NEWTON (1642 - 1727) English Scientist and Mathematician 20 ANTOINE LAVOISIER (1743 - 1794) French Chemist 23 JOHN DALTON (1766 - 1844) English Chemist 24 JONS J. BERZELIUS (1779 - 1848) Swedish Chemist 25 HUMPHRY DAVY (1778 - 1829) English Chemist 25 AMEDEO AVOGADRO (1776 - 1856) Italian Physicist 26 DMITRI MENDELEEV (1834 - 1907) Russian Chemist 26 FRIEDRICH A. KEKULE (1829 - 1896) German Organic Chemist 27 JACOBUS VAN’T HOFF (1852 - 1911) Dutch Physical Chemist 28 WILLIAM H. WOLLASTON (1766 - 1828) English Chemist and Physicist 28 EDWARD FRANKLAND (1825 - 1899) English Chemist 29 SVANTE A. ARRHENIUS (1859 -...

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The 2000 year history of the atom and chemistry, from the Classic Greek Era to the present, is described in 800 pages, depicted with some 300 pictures and illustrations. This history of the atom and chemistry discusses the lives of about 180 chemists and physicists, through the evolution of several stages of development, representing the most important scientific accomplishments. The most significant discoveries in chemistry and physics are presented chronologically to illustrate their contributions to the creation of the chemical sciences during the last 21 centuries....

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INTRODUCTION It is a genuine pleasure and challenge for me to try to express the full extent of my emotions and reasons for writing this book on the STORY OF THE ATOM AND THE SCIENCES, with special reference to the CHEMICAL SCIENCES. In one sentence, I can distill the essence of the purpose for this study by simply stating that it has been a labor of love that transcended the written word because sentiments and ideas belong in the realm of the ethereal and the philosophical as well as in the domain of LITERATURE and SCIENCE. Ever since a young and impressionable student attending a country school in a community of a few hundred people, began to be introduced to the world of knowledge over 65 years ago, the sciences became to me what water is to fish, air is to birds and earth is to humanity. The introduction to the mathematical, physical, chemical and biological sciences felt like reading a beautiful poem or listening to a romantic melody. In essence, it was truly a joyful experience, full of the enigmatic, the mysterious and the fantastic, beyond my wildest imagination. The words used in the title of this book, were car...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 THE STORY OF THE ATOM AND CHEMISTRY 7 THE CAVE MAN 7 ABSTRACT ON THE CONCEPT OF PERSPECTIVE AND SENSE OF DUTY 8 THE MIGRATORY AND THE SEDENTARY MAN 9 ABSTRACT ON THE ATOM AND ITS ENERGY 11 THE CLASSIC GREEK AND ROMAN PHILOSOPHERS 17 EMPEDOCLES (492-432 BC) Greek Philosopher 20 Proposed the four basic elements: earth, water, air and fire. DEMOCRITUS (470-380 BC) Greek Philosopher 22 The founder of the atomic theory of antiquity. CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY (100-170) Greek Astronomer 24 Proponent of the geocentric theory of our solar system with the Earth and not the Sun at its center. ABSTRACT ON THE GENESIS OF AN ORDERLY AND SYSTEMATIC UNIVERSE 25 THE ALCHEMY OF ANTIQUITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES 32 THE METAL INDUSTRY OF ANTIQUITY 33 Mercury, Copper, Bronze, Iron and Steel. GEBER (721-815) Arabian Alchemist 38 One of the first scholars and alchemists of the Islamic world. OMAR KHAYYAM (12th Century). Persian Scientist and Astronomer 38 Brilliant astronomer and alchemist of the 12th Century. BERNARDO TREVISAN (1406 -1490) Italian Alchemist 39 One of the most famous alchemists of th...

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The fourth volume, in my book series of “Collected Papers”, includes 100 published and unpublished articles, notes, (preliminary) drafts containing just ideas to be further investigated, scientific souvenirs, scientific blogs, project proposals, small experiments, solved and unsolved problems and conjectures, updated or alternative versions of previous papers, short or long humanistic essays, letters to the editors...

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This short technical paper advocates a bootstrapping algorithm from which we can form a statistically reliable opinion based on limited clinically observed data, regarding whether an osteo-hyperplasia could actually be a case of Ewing’s osteosarcoma. The basic premise underlying our methodology is that a primary bone tumour, if it is indeed Ewing’s osteosarcoma, cannot increase in volume beyond some critical limit without showing metastasis. We propose a statistical method to extrapolate such critical limit to primary tumour volume. Our model does not involve any physiological variables but rather is entirely based on time series observations of increase in primary tumour volume from the point of initial detection to the actual detection of metastases....

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Collected Eclectic Ideas - preface by the author.............................3 Contents....................................................6 ASTRONOMY..................................14 1. First Lunar Space Base, project proposal, by V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache..15 2. On Recent Discovery of New Planetoids in the Solar System and Quantization of Celestial System, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache..................28 3. Open and Solved Elementary Questions in Astronomy, by Florentin Smarandache.. 36 BIOLOGY......................................40 4. Statistical Modeling of Primary Ewing Tumors of the Bone, by Sreepurna Malakar, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, in in , Vol. 3, No. JJ05, 81-88, 2005................41 CALCULUS....................................53 5. A Triple Inequality with Series and Improper Integrals, by Florentin Smarandache, in Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 25E, No. 1, 215-217, 2006.........54 6. Immediate Calculation of Some Poisson Type Integrals Using SuperMathematics Circular Ex-Centric Functions, by Florentin Smarandache & Mircea Eugen................................

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The fourth volume, in my book series of “Collected Papers”, includes 100 published and unpublished articles, notes, (preliminary) drafts containing just ideas to be further investigated, scientific souvenirs, scientific blogs, project proposals, small experiments, solved and unsolved problems and conjectures, updated or alternative versions of previous papers, short or long humanistic essays, letters to the editors...

Excerpt Details
This short technical paper advocates a bootstrapping algorithm from which we can form a statistically reliable opinion based on limited clinically observed data, regarding whether an osteo-hyperplasia could actually be a case of Ewing’s osteosarcoma. The basic premise underlying our methodology is that a primary bone tumour, if it is indeed Ewing’s osteosarcoma, cannot increase in volume beyond some critical limit without showing metastasis. We propose a statistical method to extrapolate such critical limit to primary tumour volume. Our model does not involve any physiological variables but rather is entirely based on time series observations of increase in primary tumour volume from the point of initial detection to the actual detection of metastases....

Table of Contents Details
Collected Eclectic Ideas - preface by the author.............................3 Contents....................................................6 ASTRONOMY..................................14 1. First Lunar Space Base, project proposal, by V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache..15 2. On Recent Discovery of New Planetoids in the Solar System and Quantization of Celestial System, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache..................28 3. Open and Solved Elementary Questions in Astronomy, by Florentin Smarandache.. 36 BIOLOGY......................................40 4. Statistical Modeling of Primary Ewing Tumors of the Bone, by Sreepurna Malakar, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, in in , Vol. 3, No. JJ05, 81-88, 2005................41 CALCULUS....................................53 5. A Triple Inequality with Series and Improper Integrals, by Florentin Smarandache, in Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 25E, No. 1, 215-217, 2006.........54 6. Immediate Calculation of Some Poisson Type Integrals Using SuperMathematics Circular Ex-Centric Functions, by Florentin Smarandache & Mircea Eugen................................