Sixth Amendment

By Government Printing Office

Book Id: WPLBN0000208834
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 0.2 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	Sixth Amendment
Author:	Government Printing Office
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Government publications, Legislation., Economic & political studies
Collections:	Government Library Collection, Government Printing Office
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	Government Printing Office


Citation APA MLA Chicago Printing Office, B. G. (n.d.). Sixth Amendment. Retrieved from https://www.gutenberg.us/

Description
Government Reference Publication

Excerpt
Excerpt: Concurring). 41 Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court, 478 U.S. 1 (1986). See First Amendment discussion supra pp. 1105-08. 42 Historians no longer accept this attribution. Thayer, The Jury and Its Development, 5 HARV. L. REV. 249, 265 (1892), and the Court has noted this. Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145, 151 n.16 (1968). 43 W. FORSYTH, HISTORY OF TRIAL BY JURY (London: 1852). 44 W. BLACKSTONE, COMMENTARIES ON THE LAWS OF ENGLAND 349-350 (T. Cooley 4th ed. 1896). The other of the “two-fold barrier” was, of course, indictment by grand jury. cess to trials in all but the most extraordinary circumstances, 40 hence a defendant’s request for closure of his trial must be balanced against the public and press right of access. Before such a request for closure will be honored, there must be “specific findings . demonstrating that first, there is a substantial probability that the defendant’s right to a fair trial will be prejudiced by publicity that closure would prevent, and second, reasonable alternatives to closure cannot adequately protect the defendant’s fair trial rights.” 41 RIGHT TO TRIAL BY IMPARTIAL JURY Jury Trial By the time the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights were drafted and ratified, the institution of trial by jury was almost universally revered, so revered that its history had been traced back to Magna Carta. 42 The jury began in the form of a grand or presentment jury with the role of inquest and was started by Frankish conquerors to discover the King’s rights. Henry II regularized this type of proceeding to establish royal control over the machinery of justice, first in civil trials and then in criminal trials. Trial by petit jury was not employed at least until the reign of Henry III, in which the jury was first essentially a body of witnesses, called for their knowledge of the case; not until the reign of Henry VI did it become the trier of evidence. It was during the Seventeenth Century that the jury emerged as a safeguard for the criminally accused. 43 Thus, in the Eighteenth Century, Blackstone could commemorate the institution as part of a “strong and twofold barrier . between the liberties of the people and the prerogative of the crown” because “the truth of every accusation (must) be confirmed by the unanimous suffrage of twelve of his equals and neighbors indifferently chosen and superior to all suspicion.” 44 The right was guaranteed in the constitutions of the original 13 States, was guaranteed in the body of the Constitu ...

Table of Contents
Criminal Prosecutions ............................................................................................................... 1399 Coverage .............................................................................................................................. 1399 Offenses Against the United States ........................................................................... 1400 Right to a Speedy and Public Trial .......................................................................................... 1400 Speedy Trial ........................................................................................................................ 1400 Source and Rationale .................................................................................................. 1400 Application and Scope ................................................................................................. 1401 When the Right Is Denied .......................................................................................... 1402 Public Trial ......................................................................................................................... 1404 Right to Trial by Impartial Jury .............................................................................................. 1406 Jury Trial ............................................................................................................................ 1406 The Attributes of the Jury .......................................................................................... 1408 Criminal Proceedings to Which the Guarantee Applies ........................................... 1410 Impartial Jury .................................................................................................................... 1412 Place of Trial—Jury of the Vicinage ........................................................................................ 1419 Notice of Accusation .................................................................................................................. 1420 Confrontation ............................................................................................................................. 1421 Compulsory Process ................................................................................................................... 1429 Assistance of Counsel ................................................................................................................ 1429 Development of an Absolute Right to Counsel at Trial ................................................... 1429 Powell v. Alabama ....................................................................................................... 1430 Johnson v. Zerbst ........................................................................................................ 1431 Betts v. Brady and Progeny ....................................................................................... 1432 Gideon v. Wainwright ................................................................................................. 1434 Protection of the Right to Retained Counsel ............................................................. 1435 Effective Assistance of Counsel .................................................................................. 1437 Self-Representation ..................................................................................................... 1440 Right to Assistance of Counsel in Nontrial Situations .................................................... 1440 Judicial Proceedings Before Trial .............................................................................. 1440 Custodial Interrogation ............................................................................................... 1441 Lineups and Other Identification Situations ..........................