Werner Hartmann

26 April 1963(1963-04-26) (aged 60#REDIRECT

• This is a redirect from a page that has been moved (renamed). This page was kept as a redirect to avoid breaking links, both internal and external, that may have been made to the old page name. For more information follow the category link.}

  }}: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership.

  Contents

  • 1 Early life and career
  • 2 Spanish Civil War
  • 3 World War II
    • 3.1 First patrol
    • 3.2 Ashore
  • 4 Bundesmarine and later life
  • 5 Summary of career
    • 5.1 Ships attacked
    • 5.2 Awards
    • 5.3 Wehrmachtbericht references
    • 5.4 Promotions
  • 6 Notes
  • 7 References
    • 7.1 Citations
    • 7.2 Bibliography
  • 8 External links

  Early life and career

  Hartmann was born on 11 December 1902 in Silstedt near Wernigerode in the Province of Saxony, a province of the Kingdom of Prussia in the German Empire. He was the third child of Albert Hartmann, an evangelic pastor in Wernigerode, and Helene Hartmann, née Wernicke. Hartmann had one older brother, Rudolf, and an older sister, Edith. From 1909 to 1914, he attended the Volksschule, a primary school, in Silstedt and later the Gymnasium, a secondary school, in the district of Magdeburg.^[1]

  On 1 April 1914, Hartmann joined the Königlich Preußischen Kadettenkorps (Royal Prussian Cadet Corps) in Oranienstein near Diez. He initially served in the Vorkorps (pre corps) before he transferred to the Hauptkadettenanstalt (Main Military Academy) in Berlin-Lichterfelde on 1 April 1917. There he graduated with his Abitur (diploma) in 1921. Following his graduation he began his naval career with the Reichsmarine of the Weimar Republic on 1 April 1921 as a member of "Crew 21" (the incoming class of 1921).^[1]

  Until 30 September 1925, he underwent a number of military and naval training courses.^[2] It began with basic military training (1 April – 30 September 1921) in Stralsund at the Baltic Sea and weapons courses at the Naval Academy at Mürwik. Hartmann was then transferred to the Hannover (1 October 1921 – April 1922) for onboard training and then to the training ship Niobe (April – 30 June 1922).^[3] During this timeframe, he advanced in rank to Fähnrich zur See (officer cadet) on 1 April 1923 and to Oberfähnrich zur See (Senior Ensign) on 4 April 1925.^[2]

  He went on to serve as commander of the torpedo boats Seeadler and Albatros, before transferring to the U-boat arm in 1935.

  Spanish Civil War

  As commander of U-26 he patrolled Spanish waters during the Civil War in 1937–38 with Günther Prien as his first watch officer.

  World War II

  From January–May 1940 Hartmann was commander of both U-37 and 2nd U-boat Flotilla, but directing U-boats while at sea proved inefficient, and the Befehlshaber der U-Boote ("U-boat High Command") decided henceforth to direct the U-boats from land. After three patrols, and sinking 19 ships totalling 78,559 GRT, Hartmann received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.^[4] His senior officers on his four patrols on U-37 were future Knight's Cross winners, first watch officer Oberleutnant zur See Ernst Bauer (two patrols) and later Oberleutnant zur See Nicolai Clausen (two patrols), second watch officer Leutnant zur See Gustav Poel and chief engineer Oberleutnant (Ing.) Gerd Suhren.^[5]

  First patrol

  Hartmann's first patrol (19 August 1939 – 15 September 1939) on U-37 left Wilhelmshaven almost two weeks before the outbreak of World War II on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland.^[2] Commander of U-37 on this patrol was Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Schuch.

  Ashore

  Hartmann then moved to the BdU as a staff officer, and in November 1940 became commander of the 2nd ULD (U-boat Training Division). A year later he took command of the 27th U-boat Flotilla in Gotenhafen. In November 1942 he took command of the large Type IXD U-198 for a patrol to the Indian Ocean lasting 200 days, the third longest patrol ever undertaken, and sank 7 ships totalling 36,778 GRT. Chief engineer was Johann-Friedrich Wessels who received the Knight's Cross for his services on this patrol. In 1944 Hartmann became Führer der Unterseeboote Mittelmeer ("Commander of U-boats in the Mediterranean") and in this post received the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves.^[4]

  Bundesmarine and later life

  After the war he joined the Bundesmarine on 1 July 1956, commanding the 1. Schiffsstammregiment (1st Naval training regiment) in Glückstadt, retiring on 1 April 1962.^[6] He died on 26 April 1963 in Usseln/Waldeck of pulmonary embolism. He was buried in a family grave in Glückstadt.^[7]

  Summary of career

  Ships attacked

  As a U-boat commander of U-37 and U-198 Werner Hartmann is credited with the sinking of 26 ships for a total of 115,337 gross register tons (GRT).

  Date	U-boat	Name	Nationality	Tonnage (GRT)	Fate
  8 September 1939	U-37	Vistula	Sweden	1,018	Sunk at grid AF 7774, about 45 nmi (83 km; 52 mi) north of Muckle Flugga, Shetland[8]
  12 October 1939	U-37	Artis	Greece	4,810	Sunk at [8]
  15 October 1939	U-37	Vermont	France	5,186	Sunk
  17 October 1939	U-37	Yorkshire	United Kingdom	10,183	Sunk
  24 October 1939	U-37	Ledbury	United Kingdom	3,528	Sunk
  24 October 1939	U-37	Menin Ridge	United Kingdom	2,474	Sunk
  24 October 1939	U-37	Tafna	United Kingdom	4,413	Sunk
  30 October 1939	U-37	Thrasyvoulos	Greece	3,693	Sunk
  4 February 1940	U-37	Hop	Norway	1,365	Sunk
  4 February 1940	U-37	Leo Dawson	United Kingdom	4,330	Sunk
  10 February 1940	U-37	Silja	Norway	1,259	Sunk
  11 February 1940	U-37	Togimo	United Kingdom	290	Sunk
  15 February 1940	U-37	Aase	Denmark	1,206	Sunk
  17 February 1940	U-37	Pyrrhus	United Kingdom	7,418	Sunk
  18 February 1940	U-37	Elin	Greece	4,917	Sunk
  18 February 1940	U-37	P.L.M. 15	France	3,754	Sunk
  10 April 1940	U-37	Sveaborg	Sweden	9,076	Sunk
  10 April 1940	U-37	Tosca	Norway	5,128	Sunk
  12 April 1940	U-37	Stancliffe	United Kingdom	4,511	Sunk
  17 May 1943	U-198	Northmoor	United Kingdom	4,392	Sunk
  29 May 1943	U-198	Hopetarn	United Kingdom	5,231	Sunk
  5 June 1943	U-198	Dumra	United Kingdom	2,304	Sunk
  6 June 1943	U-198	William King	United States	7,176	Sunk
  6 July 1943	U-198	Hydraios	Greece	4,476	Sunk
  7 July 1943	U-198	Leana	United Kingdom	4,742	Sunk
  1 August 1943	U-198	Mangkalihat	Netherlands	8,457	Sunk

  Awards

  • Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th and 3rd Class (2 October 1936)^[6]
  • Wehrmacht Long Service Award 2nd Class (1 April 1939)^[6]
  • Spanish Naval Merit Cross in White 2nd Class (Cruz blanca del merito naval) (21 August 1939)^[9]
  • Iron Cross (1939)
    • 2nd Class (8 November 1939)^[6][10]
    • 1st Class (8 November 1939)^[6][10]
  • U-boat War Badge (1939) (7 December 1939)^[6]
    • with Diamonds (November 1944)^[11]
  • Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
    • Knight's Cross on 9 May 1940 as Korvettenkapitän and commander of U-37^[12][13]
    • 645th Oak Leaves on 5 November 1944 as Kapitän zur See and leader of the U-Boote in the Mediterranean Sea,^[12] before commander of U-198^[14]
  • Mentioned twice in the Wehrmachtbericht on 1 March 1940 and 19 April 1940

  Wehrmachtbericht references

  Date	Original German Wehrmachtbericht wording	Direct English translation
  Friday, 1 March 1940	Wie durch Sondermeldung bereits bekanntgegeben, hat ein von Fernfahrt zurückgekehrtes, unter dem Kommando von Korvettenkapitän Werner Hartmann stehendes Unterseeboot die Versenkung von 45 000 BRT gemeldet. Das Unterseeboot hat damit in zwei Unternehmungen die Gesamt-Versenkungsziffer von 80 000 BRT erreicht.[15]	As already announced by special bulletin, a submarine returning from war patrol under the command of Lieutenant Commander Werner Hartmann, reported the sinking of 45,000 GRT. The submarine has reached in two undertakings, the total of 80,000 GRT sunk.
  Friday, 19 April 1940	Zu der schon bekanntgegebenen Torpedierung eines Kreuzers der "GLASGOW"-Klasse nördlich der Shetland Inseln meldet der von Feindfahrt zurückgekehrte Unterseeboot-Kommandant, daß der von feindlichen Zerstörern stark gesicherte Kreuzer durch eine unmittelbar nach dem Torpedotreffer ausgelösten innere Detonation vernichtet wurde. Die von diesem Unterseeboot-Kommandanten, Korvettenkapitän Hartmann, versenkte Tonnage beläuft sich nach der letzten Fernfahrt auf insgesamt rund 107 000 BRT.[16]	In addition to the already announced torpedoing of a cruiser of the "GLASGOW" class north of the Shetland Islands reports the from patrol returning submarine commander, that the by enemy destroyers heavily protected cruiser was destroyed by an internal detonation, triggered immediately after the torpedo hit.[Note 1] The total tonnage sunk after the last war patrol of this submarine commander, Captain Hartmann, amounts to some 107,000 GRT.

  Promotions

  1 April 1924:	Fähnrich zur See (Officer Cadet)[2]
  4 April 1925:	Oberfähnrich zur See (Senior Ensign)[2]
  1 October 1925:	Leutnant zur See (Second Lieutenant)[2]
  1 July 1927:	Oberleutnant zur See (First Lieutenant)[2]
  1 October 1933:	Kapitänleutnant (Captain Lieutenant)
  1 July 1937:	Korvettenkapitän (Corvette Captain)
  1 April 1941:	Fregattenkapitän (Frigatte Captain)
  1 April 1943:	Kapitän zur See (Captain at Sea)

  Notes

  ---

  -- Module:Hatnote -- -- -- -- This module produces hatnote links and links to related articles. It -- -- implements the and meta-templates and includes -- -- helper functions for other Lua hatnote modules. --

  ---

  local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local mArguments -- lazily initialise Module:Arguments local yesno -- lazily initialise Module:Yesno

  local p = {}

  ---

  -- Helper functions

  ---

  local function getArgs(frame) -- Fetches the arguments from the parent frame. Whitespace is trimmed and -- blanks are removed. mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) end

  local function removeInitialColon(s) -- Removes the initial colon from a string, if present. return s:match('^:?(.*)') end

  function p.findNamespaceId(link, removeColon) -- Finds the namespace id (namespace number) of a link or a pagename. This -- function will not work if the link is enclosed in double brackets. Colons -- are trimmed from the start of the link by default. To skip colon -- trimming, set the removeColon parameter to true. checkType('findNamespaceId', 1, link, 'string') checkType('findNamespaceId', 2, removeColon, 'boolean', true) if removeColon ~= false then link = removeInitialColon(link) end local namespace = link:match('^(.-):') if namespace then local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[namespace] if nsTable then return nsTable.id end end return 0 end

  function p.formatPages(...) -- Formats a list of pages using formatLink and returns it as an array. Nil -- values are not allowed. local pages = {...} local ret = {} for i, page in ipairs(pages) do ret[i] = p._formatLink(page) end return ret end

  function p.formatPageTables(...) -- Takes a list of page/display tables and returns it as a list of -- formatted links. Nil values are not allowed. local pages = {...} local links = {} for i, t in ipairs(pages) do checkType('formatPageTables', i, t, 'table') local link = t[1] local display = t[2] links[i] = p._formatLink(link, display) end return links end

  function p.makeWikitextError(msg, helpLink, addTrackingCategory) -- Formats an error message to be returned to wikitext. If -- addTrackingCategory is not false after being returned from -- Module:Yesno, and if we are not on a talk page, a tracking category -- is added. checkType('makeWikitextError', 1, msg, 'string') checkType('makeWikitextError', 2, helpLink, 'string', true) yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Make the help link text. local helpText if helpLink then helpText = ' (help)' else helpText = end -- Make the category text. local category if not title.isTalkPage and yesno(addTrackingCategory) ~= false then category = 'Hatnote templates with errors' category = string.format( '%s:%s', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, category ) else category = end return string.format( '%s', msg, helpText, category ) end

  ---

  -- Format link -- -- Makes a wikilink from the given link and display values. Links are escaped -- with colons if necessary, and links to sections are detected and displayed -- with " § " as a separator rather than the standard MediaWiki "#". Used in -- the template.

  ---

  function p.formatLink(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local link = args[1] local display = args[2] if not link then return p.makeWikitextError( 'no link specified', 'Template:Format hatnote link#Errors', args.category ) end return p._formatLink(link, display) end

  function p._formatLink(link, display) -- Find whether we need to use the colon trick or not. We need to use the -- colon trick for categories and files, as otherwise category links -- categorise the page and file links display the file. checkType('_formatLink', 1, link, 'string') checkType('_formatLink', 2, display, 'string', true) link = removeInitialColon(link) local namespace = p.findNamespaceId(link, false) local colon if namespace == 6 or namespace == 14 then colon = ':' else colon = end -- Find whether a faux display value has been added with the | magic -- word. if not display then local prePipe, postPipe = link:match('^(.-)|(.*)$') link = prePipe or link display = postPipe end -- Find the display value. if not display then local page, section = link:match('^(.-)#(.*)$') if page then display = page .. ' § ' .. section end end -- Assemble the link. if display then return string.format('%s', colon, link, display) else return string.format('%s%s', colon, link) end end

  ---

  -- Hatnote -- -- Produces standard hatnote text. Implements the template.

  ---

  function p.hatnote(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local s = args[1] local options = {} if not s then return p.makeWikitextError( 'no text specified', 'Template:Hatnote#Errors', args.category ) end options.extraclasses = args.extraclasses options.selfref = args.selfref return p._hatnote(s, options) end

  function p._hatnote(s, options) checkType('_hatnote', 1, s, 'string') checkType('_hatnote', 2, options, 'table', true) local classes = {'hatnote'} local extraclasses = options.extraclasses local selfref = options.selfref if type(extraclasses) == 'string' then classes[#classes + 1] = extraclasses end if selfref then classes[#classes + 1] = 'selfref' end return string.format( '
  %s
  ', table.concat(classes, ' '), s )

  end

  return p-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Module:Hatnote -- -- -- -- This module produces hatnote links and links to related articles. It -- -- implements the and meta-templates and includes -- -- helper functions for other Lua hatnote modules. --

  ---

  local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local mArguments -- lazily initialise Module:Arguments local yesno -- lazily initialise Module:Yesno

  local p = {}

  ---

  -- Helper functions

  ---

  local function getArgs(frame) -- Fetches the arguments from the parent frame. Whitespace is trimmed and -- blanks are removed. mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) end

  local function removeInitialColon(s) -- Removes the initial colon from a string, if present. return s:match('^:?(.*)') end

  function p.findNamespaceId(link, removeColon) -- Finds the namespace id (namespace number) of a link or a pagename. This -- function will not work if the link is enclosed in double brackets. Colons -- are trimmed from the start of the link by default. To skip colon -- trimming, set the removeColon parameter to true. checkType('findNamespaceId', 1, link, 'string') checkType('findNamespaceId', 2, removeColon, 'boolean', true) if removeColon ~= false then link = removeInitialColon(link) end local namespace = link:match('^(.-):') if namespace then local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[namespace] if nsTable then return nsTable.id end end return 0 end

  function p.formatPages(...) -- Formats a list of pages using formatLink and returns it as an array. Nil -- values are not allowed. local pages = {...} local ret = {} for i, page in ipairs(pages) do ret[i] = p._formatLink(page) end return ret end

  function p.formatPageTables(...) -- Takes a list of page/display tables and returns it as a list of -- formatted links. Nil values are not allowed. local pages = {...} local links = {} for i, t in ipairs(pages) do checkType('formatPageTables', i, t, 'table') local link = t[1] local display = t[2] links[i] = p._formatLink(link, display) end return links end

  function p.makeWikitextError(msg, helpLink, addTrackingCategory) -- Formats an error message to be returned to wikitext. If -- addTrackingCategory is not false after being returned from -- Module:Yesno, and if we are not on a talk page, a tracking category -- is added. checkType('makeWikitextError', 1, msg, 'string') checkType('makeWikitextError', 2, helpLink, 'string', true) yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Make the help link text. local helpText if helpLink then helpText = ' (help)' else helpText = end -- Make the category text. local category if not title.isTalkPage and yesno(addTrackingCategory) ~= false then category = 'Hatnote templates with errors' category = string.format( '%s:%s', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, category ) else category = end return string.format( '%s', msg, helpText, category ) end

  ---

  -- Format link -- -- Makes a wikilink from the given link and display values. Links are escaped -- with colons if necessary, and links to sections are detected and displayed -- with " § " as a separator rather than the standard MediaWiki "#". Used in -- the template.

  ---

  function p.formatLink(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local link = args[1] local display = args[2] if not link then return p.makeWikitextError( 'no link specified', 'Template:Format hatnote link#Errors', args.category ) end return p._formatLink(link, display) end

  function p._formatLink(link, display) -- Find whether we need to use the colon trick or not. We need to use the -- colon trick for categories and files, as otherwise category links -- categorise the page and file links display the file. checkType('_formatLink', 1, link, 'string') checkType('_formatLink', 2, display, 'string', true) link = removeInitialColon(link) local namespace = p.findNamespaceId(link, false) local colon if namespace == 6 or namespace == 14 then colon = ':' else colon = end -- Find whether a faux display value has been added with the | magic -- word. if not display then local prePipe, postPipe = link:match('^(.-)|(.*)$') link = prePipe or link display = postPipe end -- Find the display value. if not display then local page, section = link:match('^(.-)#(.*)$') if page then display = page .. ' § ' .. section end end -- Assemble the link. if display then return string.format('%s', colon, link, display) else return string.format('%s%s', colon, link) end end

  ---

  -- Hatnote -- -- Produces standard hatnote text. Implements the template.

  ---

  function p.hatnote(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local s = args[1] local options = {} if not s then return p.makeWikitextError( 'no text specified', 'Template:Hatnote#Errors', args.category ) end options.extraclasses = args.extraclasses options.selfref = args.selfref return p._hatnote(s, options) end

  function p._hatnote(s, options) checkType('_hatnote', 1, s, 'string') checkType('_hatnote', 2, options, 'table', true) local classes = {'hatnote'} local extraclasses = options.extraclasses local selfref = options.selfref if type(extraclasses) == 'string' then classes[#classes + 1] = extraclasses end if selfref then classes[#classes + 1] = 'selfref' end return string.format( '
  %s
  ', table.concat(classes, ' '), s )

  end

  return p
  1. ^ Hartmann had launched an attack on HMS Glasgow or HMS Sheffield on 13 April 1940 failing to sink either.^[17]

  References

  Citations

  ---

  -- Module:Hatnote -- -- -- -- This module produces hatnote links and links to related articles. It -- -- implements the and meta-templates and includes -- -- helper functions for other Lua hatnote modules. --

  ---

  local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local mArguments -- lazily initialise Module:Arguments local yesno -- lazily initialise Module:Yesno

  local p = {}

  ---

  -- Helper functions

  ---

  local function getArgs(frame) -- Fetches the arguments from the parent frame. Whitespace is trimmed and -- blanks are removed. mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) end

  local function removeInitialColon(s) -- Removes the initial colon from a string, if present. return s:match('^:?(.*)') end

  function p.findNamespaceId(link, removeColon) -- Finds the namespace id (namespace number) of a link or a pagename. This -- function will not work if the link is enclosed in double brackets. Colons -- are trimmed from the start of the link by default. To skip colon -- trimming, set the removeColon parameter to true. checkType('findNamespaceId', 1, link, 'string') checkType('findNamespaceId', 2, removeColon, 'boolean', true) if removeColon ~= false then link = removeInitialColon(link) end local namespace = link:match('^(.-):') if namespace then local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[namespace] if nsTable then return nsTable.id end end return 0 end

  function p.formatPages(...) -- Formats a list of pages using formatLink and returns it as an array. Nil -- values are not allowed. local pages = {...} local ret = {} for i, page in ipairs(pages) do ret[i] = p._formatLink(page) end return ret end

  function p.formatPageTables(...) -- Takes a list of page/display tables and returns it as a list of -- formatted links. Nil values are not allowed. local pages = {...} local links = {} for i, t in ipairs(pages) do checkType('formatPageTables', i, t, 'table') local link = t[1] local display = t[2] links[i] = p._formatLink(link, display) end return links end

  function p.makeWikitextError(msg, helpLink, addTrackingCategory) -- Formats an error message to be returned to wikitext. If -- addTrackingCategory is not false after being returned from -- Module:Yesno, and if we are not on a talk page, a tracking category -- is added. checkType('makeWikitextError', 1, msg, 'string') checkType('makeWikitextError', 2, helpLink, 'string', true) yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Make the help link text. local helpText if helpLink then helpText = ' (help)' else helpText = end -- Make the category text. local category if not title.isTalkPage and yesno(addTrackingCategory) ~= false then category = 'Hatnote templates with errors' category = string.format( '%s:%s', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, category ) else category = end return string.format( '%s', msg, helpText, category ) end

  ---

  -- Format link -- -- Makes a wikilink from the given link and display values. Links are escaped -- with colons if necessary, and links to sections are detected and displayed -- with " § " as a separator rather than the standard MediaWiki "#". Used in -- the template.

  ---

  function p.formatLink(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local link = args[1] local display = args[2] if not link then return p.makeWikitextError( 'no link specified', 'Template:Format hatnote link#Errors', args.category ) end return p._formatLink(link, display) end

  function p._formatLink(link, display) -- Find whether we need to use the colon trick or not. We need to use the -- colon trick for categories and files, as otherwise category links -- categorise the page and file links display the file. checkType('_formatLink', 1, link, 'string') checkType('_formatLink', 2, display, 'string', true) link = removeInitialColon(link) local namespace = p.findNamespaceId(link, false) local colon if namespace == 6 or namespace == 14 then colon = ':' else colon = end -- Find whether a faux display value has been added with the | magic -- word. if not display then local prePipe, postPipe = link:match('^(.-)|(.*)$') link = prePipe or link display = postPipe end -- Find the display value. if not display then local page, section = link:match('^(.-)#(.*)$') if page then display = page .. ' § ' .. section end end -- Assemble the link. if display then return string.format('%s', colon, link, display) else return string.format('%s%s', colon, link) end end

  ---

  -- Hatnote -- -- Produces standard hatnote text. Implements the template.

  ---

  function p.hatnote(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local s = args[1] local options = {} if not s then return p.makeWikitextError( 'no text specified', 'Template:Hatnote#Errors', args.category ) end options.extraclasses = args.extraclasses options.selfref = args.selfref return p._hatnote(s, options) end

  function p._hatnote(s, options) checkType('_hatnote', 1, s, 'string') checkType('_hatnote', 2, options, 'table', true) local classes = {'hatnote'} local extraclasses = options.extraclasses local selfref = options.selfref if type(extraclasses) == 'string' then classes[#classes + 1] = extraclasses end if selfref then classes[#classes + 1] = 'selfref' end return string.format( '
  %s
  ', table.concat(classes, ' '), s )

  end

  return p-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Module:Hatnote -- -- -- -- This module produces hatnote links and links to related articles. It -- -- implements the and meta-templates and includes -- -- helper functions for other Lua hatnote modules. --

  ---

  local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local mArguments -- lazily initialise Module:Arguments local yesno -- lazily initialise Module:Yesno

  local p = {}

  ---

  -- Helper functions

  ---

  local function getArgs(frame) -- Fetches the arguments from the parent frame. Whitespace is trimmed and -- blanks are removed. mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) end

  local function removeInitialColon(s) -- Removes the initial colon from a string, if present. return s:match('^:?(.*)') end

  function p.findNamespaceId(link, removeColon) -- Finds the namespace id (namespace number) of a link or a pagename. This -- function will not work if the link is enclosed in double brackets. Colons -- are trimmed from the start of the link by default. To skip colon -- trimming, set the removeColon parameter to true. checkType('findNamespaceId', 1, link, 'string') checkType('findNamespaceId', 2, removeColon, 'boolean', true) if removeColon ~= false then link = removeInitialColon(link) end local namespace = link:match('^(.-):') if namespace then local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[namespace] if nsTable then return nsTable.id end end return 0 end

  function p.formatPages(...) -- Formats a list of pages using formatLink and returns it as an array. Nil -- values are not allowed. local pages = {...} local ret = {} for i, page in ipairs(pages) do ret[i] = p._formatLink(page) end return ret end

  function p.formatPageTables(...) -- Takes a list of page/display tables and returns it as a list of -- formatted links. Nil values are not allowed. local pages = {...} local links = {} for i, t in ipairs(pages) do checkType('formatPageTables', i, t, 'table') local link = t[1] local display = t[2] links[i] = p._formatLink(link, display) end return links end

  function p.makeWikitextError(msg, helpLink, addTrackingCategory) -- Formats an error message to be returned to wikitext. If -- addTrackingCategory is not false after being returned from -- Module:Yesno, and if we are not on a talk page, a tracking category -- is added. checkType('makeWikitextError', 1, msg, 'string') checkType('makeWikitextError', 2, helpLink, 'string', true) yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Make the help link text. local helpText if helpLink then helpText = ' (help)' else helpText = end -- Make the category text. local category if not title.isTalkPage and yesno(addTrackingCategory) ~= false then category = 'Hatnote templates with errors' category = string.format( '%s:%s', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, category ) else category = end return string.format( '%s', msg, helpText, category ) end

  ---

  -- Format link -- -- Makes a wikilink from the given link and display values. Links are escaped -- with colons if necessary, and links to sections are detected and displayed -- with " § " as a separator rather than the standard MediaWiki "#". Used in -- the template.

  ---

  function p.formatLink(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local link = args[1] local display = args[2] if not link then return p.makeWikitextError( 'no link specified', 'Template:Format hatnote link#Errors', args.category ) end return p._formatLink(link, display) end

  function p._formatLink(link, display) -- Find whether we need to use the colon trick or not. We need to use the -- colon trick for categories and files, as otherwise category links -- categorise the page and file links display the file. checkType('_formatLink', 1, link, 'string') checkType('_formatLink', 2, display, 'string', true) link = removeInitialColon(link) local namespace = p.findNamespaceId(link, false) local colon if namespace == 6 or namespace == 14 then colon = ':' else colon = end -- Find whether a faux display value has been added with the | magic -- word. if not display then local prePipe, postPipe = link:match('^(.-)|(.*)$') link = prePipe or link display = postPipe end -- Find the display value. if not display then local page, section = link:match('^(.-)#(.*)$') if page then display = page .. ' § ' .. section end end -- Assemble the link. if display then return string.format('%s', colon, link, display) else return string.format('%s%s', colon, link) end end

  ---

  -- Hatnote -- -- Produces standard hatnote text. Implements the template.

  ---

  function p.hatnote(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local s = args[1] local options = {} if not s then return p.makeWikitextError( 'no text specified', 'Template:Hatnote#Errors', args.category ) end options.extraclasses = args.extraclasses options.selfref = args.selfref return p._hatnote(s, options) end

  function p._hatnote(s, options) checkType('_hatnote', 1, s, 'string') checkType('_hatnote', 2, options, 'table', true) local classes = {'hatnote'} local extraclasses = options.extraclasses local selfref = options.selfref if type(extraclasses) == 'string' then classes[#classes + 1] = extraclasses end if selfref then classes[#classes + 1] = 'selfref' end return string.format( '
  %s
  ', table.concat(classes, ' '), s )

  end

  return p
  1. ^ ^{a b} Röll 2010, p. 11.
  2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} Busch & Röll 2003, p. 29.
  3. ^ Röll 2010, p. 150.
  4. ^ ^{a b}
  5. ^ Busch & Röll 2003, p. 31.
  6. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Busch & Röll 2003, p. 30.
  7. ^ Röll 2010, p. 149.
  8. ^ ^{a b} Röll 2010, pp. 154–155.
  9. ^ Röll 2010, p. 152.
  10. ^ ^{a b} Thomas 1997, p. 251.
  11. ^ Williamson & Pavlovic 1995, p. 48.
  12. ^ ^{a b} Scherzer 2007, p. 369.
  13. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 215.
  14. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 92.
  15. ^ Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 1, pp. 82–83.
  16. ^ Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 1, p. 117.
  17. ^ Rohwer 2005, p. 19.

  Bibliography

  • Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939-1945: The Naval History of World War II. Annapolis, Md. : Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
  • Williamson, Gordon & Pavlovic, Darko (1995). U-Boat Crews 1914–45. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing Limited. ISBN 1-85532-545-4.

  External links

  • Werner Hartmann in the German National Library catalogue

  Military offices
  Preceded by none	Commander of 6th U-boat Flotilla October, 1938 – December, 1939	Succeeded by Korvettenkapitän Georg-Wilhelm Schulz
  Preceded by Korvettenkapitän Hans Ibbeken	Commander of 2nd U-boat Flotilla January 1940 – May 1940	Succeeded by Korvettenkapitän Heinz Fischer
  Preceded by Korvettenkapitän Ernst Sobe	Commander of 27th U-boat Flotilla December 1941 – November 1942	Succeeded by Korvettenkapitän Erich Topp

  Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves   Recipients of 1940 Eduard Dietl (Swords) Werner Mölders (Swords & Diamonds) Adolf Galland (Swords & Diamonds) Helmut Wick Günther Prien Otto Kretschmer (Swords) Joachim Schepke   Recipients of 1941 Martin Harlinghausen Walter Oesau (Swords) Erwin Rommel (Swords & Diamonds) Hermann-Friedrich Joppien Joachim Müncheberg (Swords) Heinrich Liebe Engelbert Endrass Herbert Schultze Herbert Ihlefeld (Swords) Wilhelm Balthasar Siegfried Schnell Rudolf Schmidt Werner Baumbach (Swords) Oskar Dinort Walter Storp Viktor Schütze Heinz Guderian Hermann Hoth (Swords) Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen Günther Lützow (Swords) Josef Priller (Swords) Günther Freiherr von Maltzahn Horst Niemack (Swords) Heinrich Bär (Swords) Hans Hahn Hans Philipp (Swords) Ludwig Crüwell Karl-Gottfried Nordmann Heinrich Hoffmann Kurt-Jürgen Freiherr von Lützow Gordon Gollob (Swords & Diamonds) Erbo Graf von Kageneck Ernst-Felix Krüder Sepp Dietrich (Swords & Diamonds) Heinrich Eberbach Franz Scheidies Ernst-Georg Buchterkirch Bernhard Rogge Dietrich Peltz (Swords) Adelbert Schulz (Swords & Diamonds) Josef-Franz Eckinger Günther Hoffmann-Schönborn Karl Eibl (Swords) Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock Otto Weiß Georg Freiherr von Boeselager (Swords) Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach Josef Harpe (Swords) Reinhard Suhren (Swords) Hubertus Hitschhold   Recipients of 1942 Oskar von Boddien Hans Jordan (Swords) Karl-Wilhelm Specht Hans Freiherr von Wolff Hans-Valentin Hube (Swords & Diamonds) Karl-Heinz Noak Joachim Helbig (Swords) Otto Hitzfeld (Swords)? Wilhelm Wegener (Swords) Hans Traut Werner von Gilsa Hermann Breith (Swords) Rolf Kaldrack Heinrich Borgmann Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist (Swords) Georg-Hans Reinhardt (Swords) Walter Model (Swords & Diamonds) Willibald Freiherr von Langermann und Erlencamp Walter Wessel Walter Hagen Albert Kesselring (Swords & Diamonds) Gerhard Köppen Kurt Ubben Max-Hellmuth Ostermann (Swords) Franz Eckerle Wolf-Dietrich Huy Hans Strelow Wilhelm Spies Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller (Swords) Erich Topp (Swords) Theodor Eicke Reinhard Hardegen Wolfgang Späte Alfred Wünnenberg Theodor Scherer Hermann Graf (Swords & Diamonds) Adolf Dickfeld Eberhard von Mackensen Leopold Steinbatz (Swords) Hans-Joachim Marseille (Swords & Diamonds) Helmut Lent (Swords & Diamonds) Robert-Georg Freiherr von Malapert Ludwig Wolff Friedrich Geißhardt Heinrich Setz Walter von Brockdorff-Ahlefeldt Rolf Mützelburg Adalbert Schnee Erwin Clausen Viktor Bauer Franz-Josef Beerenbrock Anton Hackl (Swords) Traugott Herr (Swords) Werner Kempf Gerhard Kollewe Walter Gorn (Swords) Kurt Brändle Johannes Steinhoff (Swords) Walter Sigel Johann Zemsky Alfred Druschel (Swords) Ernst Bormann Gerhard Hein Werner Ziegler (Swords) Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke (Swords) Klaus Scholtz Heinz Schmidt Heinrich Bleichrodt Friedrich-Karl Müller Wilhelm Crinius Wolfgang Tonne Bruno Ritter von Hauenschild Hans Beißwenger Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert (Swords) Karl Torley Johannes Kümmel Günther Rall (Swords) Ludwig Kirschner Konrad Hupfer Max Stotz Heinrich Schweickhardt Wolfgang Schenck Hermann Seitz Josef Zwernemann Wolfgang Lüth (Swords & Diamonds) Werner Töniges Hyacinth Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz (Swords & Diamonds) Hermann-Bernhard Ramcke (Swords & Diamonds) Josef Wurmheller (Swords) Karl-Friedrich Merten Friedrich Lang (Swords) Alwin Boerst (Swords) Ekkehard Kylling-Schmidt Ernst Nobis Wolfgang Fischer Karl Allmendinger Heinrich Paepcke Hermann Balck (Swords & Diamonds) Walter Heitz Hermann Fegelein (Swords)? Helmuth von Ruckteschell Felix Steiner (Swords) Hubert Lanz Helmuth Schlömer Maximilian Reichsfreiherr von Edelsheim (Swords) Hartwig von Ludwiger Harald von Hirschfeld Josef Bremm (Swords)? Helmut Thumm Helmuth von Pannwitz Martin Fiebig   Recipients of 1943 Reiner Stahel (Swords) Fritz Feßmann (Swords) Friedrich Guggenberger Heinz Frank Ernst Kupfer (Swords) Bruno Dilley Gerhard Barkhorn (Swords) Wend von Wietersheim (Swords) Johann Mohr Friedrich Paulus Karl Willig Günter Goebel Günther von Kluge (Swords) Waldemar von Gazen (Swords) Hans Kreysing (Swords) Reinhard Günzel Hugo Primozic Willy Riedel Georg Michael Gustav Pressler Carl Rodenburg Reinhold Knacke Erwin Fischer Hermann Hogeback (Swords) Helmut Bruck Alfons König (Swords) Kurt Meyer (Swords) Paul Gildner Werner Streib (Swords) Ludwig Becker Werner Baumgarten-Crusius Fritz Witt Hans Mikosch Walter Scheunemann Gustav Schmidt Eberhard Zahn Johann Mickl Wilhelm von Malachowski Bruno Kohnz Georg Lassen Erich von Lewinski (Swords) Georg Rietscher Karl Langesee Josef Kult Walter Hörnlein Theodor Nordmann (Swords) Georg-Wilhelm Postel (Swords) Robert Ritter von Greim (Swords) Hans-Karl von Scheele Heinrich Schüler Helmut Hudel Hinrich Schuldt (Swords) Otto Kumm (Swords) Rudolf Schlee Karl Dönitz Albrecht Brandi (Swords & Diamonds) Gerhard von Kamptz Siegfried Wuppermann Erich Klawe Peter Frantz Hans-Ulrich Rudel (Golden Oak Leaves, Swords & Diamonds) Paul-Werner Hozzel Georg Dörffel Egon Mayer (Swords) August Dieckmann (Swords) Otto von Bülow Willibald Borowietz Hans-Günther Stotten Paul Laux Gustav Höhne Karl-Adolf Hollidt Gerhard von Schwerin (Swords) Wilhelm Niggemeyer Franz Griesbach (Swords) Erich Bärenfänger (Swords) Richard Grünert Ernst Kruse Georg Bochmann (Swords) Karl Löwrick Martin Grase Friedrich Kemnade Robert Gysae Hans von Obstfelder (Swords) Karl Göbel Friedrich Höhne Günter Klappich Gustav Rödel Carl Emmermann Werner Henke Fritz Bayerlein (Swords) Walther von Hünersdorff Bernhard Sauvant Paul Hausser (Swords) Franz Bäke (Swords) Egmont Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld Manfred Meurer Heinrich Ehrler Theodor Weissenberger Joachim Kirschner Werner Schröer (Swords) Hajo Herrmann (Swords) Bruno Kahl Lothar Rendulic (Swords) Dietrich von Müller (Swords) Georg von Küchler Ernst Busch Georg Lindemann Paul Conrath Otto Baum (Swords) Hans Freiherr von Funck Alexander Conrady Erhard Raus Dietrich von Saucken (Swords & Diamonds) Hans Gollnick Alfred Eidel Paul Schultz Hans-Detloff von Cossel Walter Krüger (Swords) Rolf Rocholl Hartmann Grasser Wolf-Udo Ettel Heinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein (Swords) Hans Zorn Horst Großmann Walter Nowotny (Swords & Diamonds) Joachim Lemelsen Erich Jaschke Heinz Harmel (Swords) Hermann Prieß (Swords) Friedrich Hoßbach Siegfried Thomaschki Walter Lange Günther Pape Theodor Tolsdorff (Swords & Diamonds) Sylvester Stadler (Swords)? Ulrich Kleemann Kurt Student Alfred-Hermann Reinhardt (Swords) Hans Fritsche Bodo Spranz Josef Schreiber Hubert-Erwin Meierdress Hans-Gotthard Pestke Julius Ringel Rudolf Freiherr von Roman Ernst Voß Herbert Otto Gille (Swords & Diamonds) Albert Graf von der Goltz Ernst Ziemer Eugen König Hermann Recknagel (Swords) Siegfried Grabert Heinrich Kiesling Otto von Knobelsdorff (Swords) Maximilian de Angelis Erich Brandenberger Otto-Ernst Remer Georg Christiansen Hans Dorr (Swords) Josef Heindl Willy Johannmeyer Karl-Friedrich Brill Johannes Block Hasso von Manteuffel (Swords & Diamonds) Gotthard Heinrici (Swords) Hans Schmidt Karl Mauss (Swords & Diamonds) Hans-Henning Freiherr von Beust Dietrich Hrabak Wilhelm Lemke Otto Schünemann Walter Hartmann (Swords) Ernst-August Fricke Ernst Wellmann Alfred Druffner Anton Grasser Kurt Walter Adolf Weitkunat Walter Elflein Willy Langkeit Andreas Thorey Sigfrid Henrici Heinrich Voigtsberger Karl Baacke Christian Tychsen Alfred Müller Hans-Joachim Kahler Ernst Kühl Kurt von der Chevallerie Wilhelm Schmalz Albert Frey Heinrich Ochs   Recipients of 1944 Bernd Klug Klaus Feldt Walter Krauß Horst Hannig Hans-Arnold Stahlschmidt Helmut Kalbitz Josef-Georg Mulzer Maximilian Fretter-Pico Hans Schlemmer Heinrich Boigk August Schmidt Friedrich Wiese Walter Krüger Karl Koetz Hugo Kraas Eduard Hauser Joachim Peiper (Swords) Walter Fries (Swords) Walther Sievers Michael Wittmann (Swords) Bernhard Flachs Richard Heidrich (Swords) Walther Nehring (Swords) Botho Kollberg Erich Löwe Günther Hilt Fritz Breithaupt Robert Martinek Josef Schneider Walter Möse Friedrich Kirchner (Swords) Hans Källner (Swords) Theodor Wisch (Swords) Heinrich-Walter Bronsart von Schellendorff Karl Lorenz Meinrad von Lauchert Josef Karl Ferdinand Schörner (Swords & Diamonds) Wilhelm Stemmermann Theo-Helmut Lieb Robert Kaestner Ernst-Günther Baade (Swords) Rudolf Kolbeck Maximilian Wengler (Swords) Walter Mix Otto Benzin Werner Forst Helmuth Weidling (Swords) Friedrich Mieth Hermann Hohn (Swords) Erich Walther (Swords) Ludwig Heilmann (Swords) Kurt Bühligen (Swords) Horst Ademeit Walter Krupinski August Geiger Hans-Dieter Frank Johannes Wiese Reinhard Seiler Erich Hartmann (Swords & Diamonds) Hermann-Heinrich Behrend (Swords) Gustav Stühmer Fritz von Scholz, Edler von Rarancze (Swords) Willi Thulke Josef Rettemeier Smilo Freiherr von Lüttwitz (Swords) Josef Bregenzer Friedrich Schulz (Swords) Werner Mummert (Swords) Hans-Joachim Jabs Bernhard Jope Wilhelm Schmitter Maximilian Otte Hansgeorg Bätcher Georg Koßmala Georg Grüner Eduard Tratt Fritz Petersen Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin Ludwig Müller Heinz Wittchow von Brese-Winiary Herbert Schwender Hans Kroh (Swords) Günther Radusch Johannes Frießner Alfred Grislawski Erich Rudorffer (Swords) Emil Lang Otto Kittel (Swords) Rudolf Schoenert Wilhelm Herget Anton Hafner Johannes Mayer (Swords) Heinrich Hogrebe Rudolf Geisler Heinrich von Vietinghoff Egon von Neindorff Wilhelm Drewes Karl-Lothar Schulz (Swords) Günther Schack Otto Pollmann Hans-Karl Stepp Martin Möbus Albin Wolf Heinz Vinke Karl Decker (Swords)? Erich Lorenz Wilhelm Eggemann Theodor von Lücken Otto Deßloch Leopold Münster Max Sachsenheimer (Swords) Martin Hrustak Johann Schwerdfeger Emil Vogel Rudolf Freiherr von Waldenfels Fritz Müller Kilian Weimer Walter Schmidt Karl Ullrich Karl Henze Willy Marienfeld Ferdinand Wegerer Wolf Hagemann Hans Strippel Friedrich Hochbaum Ernst-Eberhard Hell Alfons Hitter Wolfgang Pickert Gottfried Weber Horst Niederländer Georg Bonk Hubert Pilarski Ernst-Wilhelm Hoffmann Konrad Zeller Joachim Domaschk Emil Kaminsky Edwin Stolz Rudolf Petersen Götz Freiherr von Mirbach Diddo Diddens Ernst Sieler Erich Marcks Albert Brux Horst Kaubisch Hendrik Stahl Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer (Swords & Diamonds) Adolf Glunz Eduard Skrzipek Reinhard Egger Josef-August Fitz Herbert Huppertz Clemens-Heinrich Graf von Kageneck Werner Kolb Martin Unrein Erich Abraham Fritz-Hubert Gräser (Swords)? Friedrich Dollmann Gerd von Rundstedt (Swords) Hermann Wulf Erich Buschenhagen Heinz-Otto Fabian Karl Palmgreen Heinrich Hoffmann Heinz-Georg Lemm (Swords) Wilhelm Batz (Swords) Willy Kientsch Heinz Strüning Karl-Heinz Weber Otto Weßling Rudolf Frank Herbert Lamprecht Wilhelm von Salisch Gerhard Kruse Otto Carius Hermann von Oppeln-Bronikowski (Swords) Rudolf Demme Paul Schulze Kurt von Tippelskirch Hubert Mickley Willy Wesche Carl Hilpert Heinrich Nickel Curt Schille Martin Strahammer Karl Kloskowski Gerhard Simons Max Wünsche Dietrich Kraiß Rudolf Bacherer Andreas von Aulock Hermann Siggel Gerhard Pick Heinz Macher Hinrich Warrelmann Rudolf Wulf Werner Schulze Walter Melzer Bruno Hinz Hellmuth Mäder (Swords) Rudolf Holste Kurt Pflugbeil Wilhelm Bittrich (Swords)? Eugen Meindl (Swords)? Hermann Flörke Martin Bieber Hermann Klein Jakob Gansmeier Walter Misera Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock Heinrich Freiherr von Lüttwitz (Swords)? Heinz Greiner Christian Sonntag Hellmuth Pfeifer Rudolf Flinzer Walter Neitzel Richard Seuss Otto Lasch Alois Weber Gerhard Lindemann Johannes Bölter Gustav Reimar Otto Kähler Erich Pietzonka Walter Gericke Heinrich Trettner Hans Thurner Paul Zorner Hans von der Mosel Rudolf Haen Helmut Scholz Otto Schury Werner Marcks Ehrenfried-Oskar Boege Hellmuth Becker Johannes Mühlenkamp Friedrich-August Schack Ernst König Ernst Philipp Wolfgang Kretzschmar (Swords) Otto Meyer Hermann Scharnagel Konrad Sauer Jörg Burg Gerhard Behnke Gerhard Kunert Wilhelm Kohler Heinz Reinefarth Erich Straube Georg Graf von Rittberg Mortimer von Kessel Willi Koch Friedrich Strohm Theodor Krancke Georg Jakob Walter Schuck Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte Herbert Bauer Franz Kieslich Diether Lukesch Wilhelm Bleckwenn Arthur Jüttner (Swords) Johann-Georg Richert Werner Gust Othmar Kreuzinger Franz Weller Karl Thieme (Swords)? Hans-Christian Stock Gustav Schubert Johann Schalanda Helmut Leicht Günther Tonne Benno Reuter Paul Ecker Paul Freiherr von Hauser Fritz-Rudolf Schultz Heinrich Busse Eduard Brunner Max Simon Johannes Blaskowitz (Swords) Klaus Hilgemann Gerhard Friedrich Maximilian Felzmann Johann-Heinrich Eckhardt Werner Hartmann Walter Weiß Gustav-Adolf von Zangen Gerd Ruge Wilhelm Weidenbrück Helmut Dörner (Swords) Albrecht Krügel Emil Badorrek Klaus Mietusch Heinz Meyer Wilhelm Antrup Heinrich Höfer Gerhart Schirmer Hans Seidemann Hans Hoßfeld Werner Dörnbrack Hubert Pölz Rudolf Witzig Georg-Peter Eder Rudolf Rennecke Otto Dommeratzky Karl Kennel Gerhard Michalski Gerhard Bremer Klaus von Bismarck Artur Phleps Otto Wöhler Helmuth Reymann Curt Ehle Kurt Maier Georg Sattler Walther Hahm Christian Braun Fritz Arndt Gerhard Engel Jürgen Wagner Friedrich Jakob Harry Hoppe Eduard Crasemann Andreas Kuffner Fritz Biermeier Paul Klatt Günther-Eberhardt Wisliceny (Swords)? Otto Weidinger (Swords)?   Recipients of 1945 Heinrich Baron von Behr Kurt-Hermann Freiherr von Mühlen Walter Lucht Sigmund-Ulrich Freiherr von Gravenreuth Kurt Gröschke Kurt Herzog Alois Eisele Volprecht Riedesel Freiherr zu Eisenbach Joachim Brendel Wilhelm Hasse Hans-Detlef Gollert-Hansen Claus Breger Bruno Streckenbach Max Reinwald Richard Henze Walther Risse Alexander Löhr Gerhard Schmidhuber Wilhelm Schöning Herbert Kündiger Albert Henze Erich Reuter Kurt Dahlmann Kurt Plenzat Herbert Rollwage Max Schäfer Karl Pröll Hellmuth Böhlke Walter Süß Wilhelm Spindler Karl Arndt Kurt Wahl Joachim Rumohr August Zehender Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch Walther Dahl Karl Roßmann Ernst Jansa Jürgen Harder Otto Vincon Joachim Sander Georg Graf von Plettenberg Maximilian von Weichs Wilhelm Osterhold Georg Jauer Karl-Heinz Oesterwitz Herbert Wittmann Herbert Schramm Anton-Otto Frank Anton Müller Eduard Zorn Willi Schülke Günther Blumentritt Josef Heichele Georg Gebhardt Ernst Knebel Fritz Klasing Edmund Blaurock Ludwig Schulz Rolf Hermichen Hans Krebs Heinz-Martin Ewert Fritz-Georg von Rappard Josef Jakwert Horst Warschnauer Hans-Babo von Rohr Ernst-August Krag Heinrich Schmelzer Traugott Kempas Arthur Kullmer Michael Pössinger Othmar Pollmann Bern von Baer Hans Reichardt Werner Ebeling Hermann Niehoff (Swords)? Heinrich Götz Rudolf von Bünau Bruno Karczewski Erich Schneider Kurt Welter Helmut Renschler Wolfgang Rust Friedrich Sixt Kurt Witschel Clemens Betzel Franz Rogalski Johannes Grimminger Ernst Kutschkau Egon Aghta Wilhelm Schröder Karl-Heinz Becker Heinz Rökker Robert Weiß Werner Pötschke Alfred Matern Fritz Vogt Karl-Heinz Jaeger Max Wandrey Hans Engelien Heinrich Ruhl Bruno Frankewitz Paul Scheuerpflug Martin Becker Gerhard Werner Ernst-Georg Kedzia Kuno von Meyer Walter Prüß Günther Konopacki Hans-Georg Herzog Rudolf Trittel Karl Wanka Harald Freiherr von Elverfeldt Friedrich Jeckeln Fritz Fullriede Johannes Spielmann Heinrich Keese Lothar Berger Helmuth Hufenbach Erich Schroedter Horst von Usedom Günther Josten Alexander Gläser Wilhelm Stähler Gerhard Stüdemann Walter Girg Horst von Mellenthin Martin Steglich Rudolf Neubert Friedrich Richter Ernst Kuppinger Otto Paetsch Hans von Tettau Gerhard Thyben Theodor Burchardi August Thiele Bruno Richter Otto Skorzeny Ernst-Anton von Krosigk Helmut Borchardt Carl Becker Kurt Röpke Friedrich Rögelein Alfred Simm Gerhard Raht Hans-Arno Ostermeier Max Hansen Herbert Lütje Helmut Lipfert Josef Kraft Martin Drewes Hermann Greiner Paul Semrau Adolf Raegener Hans-Peter Knaust Franz Hack? Paul-Albert Kausch? Josef Brandner? Eberhard Rodt Joachim Ziegler Hans-Joachim Kappis Karl Schrepfer Josef Prentl Rolf Thomsen Hans-Günther Lange Heinz-Oskar Laebe? Heinrich Hax Hanns Laengenfelder Richard Daniel Wolfgang von Obstfelder Wolfgang von Bostell Gerhard Mokros Werner Ostendorff? Rudolf Lehmann? Karl Kreutz? Heinz Werner? Alfred Jodl? Adalbert von Blanc? Hermann Plocher? Franz Graßmel? Friedrich Lier? Oskar-Hubert Dennhardt? Matthias Kleinheisterkamp? Hanns-Heinrich Lohmann? Alfred Montag? Hans Meier? Alfons Rebane? Walter Schlags-Koch? Erich Schmidt? Joachim von Siegroth? Paul Stahl? Georg Störck? Franz Sensfuß? Joseph von Radowitz?   Foreign recipients (as individuals in the military of allies of the Third Reich) Mihail Lascăr Agustín Muñoz Grandes Isoroku Yamamoto (Swords) Corneliu Teodorini Petre Dumitrescu Mineichi Koga Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Léon Degrelle in chronological order       This along with the ? (question mark) indicates doubt regarding the veracity and formal correctness of the listing.

  Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of the U-boat service Albrecht Achilles Klaus Bargsten Ernst Bauer Gerhard Bielig Gerhard Bigalk Heinrich Bleichrodt (Oak Leaves) Albrecht Brandi (Oak Leaves, Swords & Diamonds) Paul Brasack Otto von Bülow (Oak Leaves) Nicolai Clausen Peter-Erich Cremer Heinrich Dammeier Dr. jur. Kurt Dobratz Wilhelm Dommes Karl Dönitz (Oak Leaves) Alfred Eick Carl Emmermann (Oak Leaves) Engelbert Endrass (Oak Leaves) Horst-Arno Fenski Karl Fleige Ulrich Folkers Hans-Joachim Förster Siegfried Freiherr von Forstner Heinz Franke Wilhelm Franken Fritz Frauenheim Harald Gelhaus Friedrich Guggenberger (Oak Leaves) Robert Gysae (Oak Leaves) Reinhard Hardegen (Oak Leaves) Werner Hartenstein Werner Hartmann (Oak Leaves) Ernst Hechler Hans Heidtmann Hans-Jürgen Hellriegel Werner Henke (Oak Leaves) Hans-Georg Hess Günther Hessler Günther Heydemann Ulrich Heyse Horst Hofmann Otto Ites Karl Jäckel Gunter Jahn Hans Jenisch Hans Johannsen Walter Käding Ernst Kals Gerd Kelbling Eitel-Friedrich Kentrat Siegfried Koitschka Reinhard König Claus Korth Hans-Werner Kraus Günther Krech Otto Kretschmer (Oak Leaves & Swords) Heinz Krey Günter Kuhnke Herbert Kuppisch Carl-August Landfermann Hans-Günther Lange (Oak Leaves) Georg Lassen (Oak Leaves) Dipl.-Ing. Willi Lechtenbörger Hans Lehmann Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock (Oak Leaves) Fritz-Julius Lemp Philipp Lichtenberg Heinrich Liebe (Oak Leaves) Johannes Limbach Siegfried Lüdden Wolfgang Lüth (Oak Leaves, Swords & Diamonds) Karl-Heinz Marbach Friedrich Markworth August Maus Waldemar Mehl Ernst Mengersen Karl-Friedrich Merten (Oak Leaves) Jost Metzler Karl-Heinz Moehle Helmut Möhlmann Johann Mohr (Oak Leaves) Rudolf Mühlbauer Günther Müller-Stöckheim Rolf Mützelburg (Oak Leaves) Karl Neitzel Victor Oehrn Jürgen Oesten Georg Olschewski Herbert Panknin Heinrich Petersen Adolf Piening Gustav Poel Fritz Poske Heinrich Praßdorf Günther Prien (Oak Leaves) Günther Pulst Hermann Rasch Reinhart Reche Hellmut Rohweder Wilhelm Rollmann Helmut Rosenbaum Hans-Rudolf Rösing Erwin Rostin Gerhard Schaar Harro Schacht Joachim Schepke (Oak Leaves) Georg Schewe Egon-Reiner Freiherr von Schlippenbach Adalbert Schnee (Oak Leaves) Herbert Schneider Klaus Scholtz (Oak Leaves) Heinrich Schonder Dietrich Schöneboom Heinrich Schroeteler Horst von Schroeter Otto Schuhart Heinz-Otto Schultze Herbert Schultze (Oak Leaves) Georg-Wilhelm Schulz Viktor Schütze (Oak Leaves) Günther Seibicke Heinz Sieder Georg Staats Hans-Gerrit von Stockhausen Siegfried Strelow Hermann Stuckmann Gerd Suhren Reinhard Suhren (Oak Leaves & Swords) Max-Martin Teichert Rolf Thomsen (Oak Leaves) Karl Thurmann Hans-Diedrich Freiherr von Tiesenhausen Heinrich Timm Erich Topp (Oak Leaves & Swords) Hans-Hartwig Trojer Johann-Friedrich Wessels Otto Westphalen Karl-Heinz Wiebe Werner Winter Hans Witt Helmut Witte Herbert Wohlfarth Erich Würdemann Robert-Richard Zapp Erich Zürn in alphabetical order see also List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients of the Kriegsmarine

  Recipients of the U-boat War Badge with Diamonds Albrecht Brandi Heinrich Bleichrodt Otto von Bülow Karl Dönitz Carl Emmermann Engelbert Endrass Friedrich Guggenberger Robert Gysae Reinhard Hardegen Werner Hartmann Werner Henke Otto Kretschmer Hans-Günther Lange Georg Lassen Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock Heinrich Liebe Wolfgang Lüth Johann Mohr Rolf Mützelburg Karl-Friedrich Merten Günther Prien Joachim Schepke Adalbert Schnee Klaus Scholtz Viktor Schütze Herbert Schultze Reinhard Suhren Erich Topp in alphabetical order

  Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients in the Bundeswehr and Bundesgrenzschutz   Deutsche Luftwaffe Heinz-Günter Amelung Wilhelm Antrup (Oak Leaves) Erich Axthammer Günther Bahr Gerhard Barkhorn (Oak Leaves & Swords) Eitel-Albert Barth Siegfried Barth Wilhelm Batz (Oak Leaves & Swords) Konrad Bauer Hans Bennemann Otto Bertram Siegfried Betke Hans-Henning Freiherr von Beust (Oak Leaves) Paul Birnkraut Helmuth Bode Heinz Bretschneider Heinrich Brücker Udo Cordes Georg le Coutre Heinz Cramer Hugo Dahmer Paul-Friedrich Darjes Egon Delica Bruno Dilley (Oak Leaves) Wilhelm Dipberger Arnold Döring Kurt Dombacher Rudolf Donth Paul Dose Ernst Ebeling Hermann Eggers Franz Eisenach Walter Enneccerus Franz Evers Werner Ewald Wolfgang Ewald Wilhelm Fahlbusch Fridolin Fath Karl-August von der Fecht Franz Gapp Johannes Geismann Alfred Genz Siegfried Gerstner Alfred Gies Franz Götz Walter Grasemann Karl Gratz Hermann Greiner (Oak Leaves) Carl-Heinz Greve Reino Hamer Martin Harlinghausen (Oak Leaves) Erich Hartmann (Oak Leaves, Swords & Diamonds) Hellmuth Hauser Hanns Heise Karl Henze (Oak Leaves) Harry Herrmann Ignaz Graf von und zu Hoensbroech Erich Hohagen Walter Hornung Dietrich Hrabak (Oak Leaves) Eduard Hübner Alois Hulha Joachim-Friedrich Huth Max Ibel Heinz Jente Günther Josten (Oak Leaves) Herbert Kaiser Josef Kammhuber Hellmut Kerutt Franz Kieslich (Oak Leaves) Johann-Alfred Klaus Hans-Jürgen Klußmann Lothar Kmitta Konrad Knabe Reinhard Kollak Friedrich Körner Walter Krupinski (Oak Leaves) Helmut Kuhenne Kurt Kuhlmey Rudolf Kurz Friedrich Lang (Oak Leaves & Swords) Carl Langemeyer Kurt Lau Richard Leppla Eduard Lindinger Anton Lindner Stefan Litjens Walter Loos Viktor von Loßberg Herbert Lütje (Oak Leaves) Johannes Lutter Josef Luxenburger Alois Magg Helmut Mahlke Heinz Marquardt Wilhelm Meyn Karl-Hermann Millahn Ernst-Wilhelm Modrow Peter-Eberhard Müllensiefen Heinz Nacke Johannes Naumann Frank Neubert Heinrich Neumann Erhard Nippa Klaus Nöske Friedrich Obleser Werner Oberländer Werner Panse Hugo Paul Joachim Petzold Johannes Pfeiffer Kurt Plenzat (Oak Leaves) Helmut Pleß Hermann Plocher (Oak Leaves) Heinz Polz Joachim Pötter Gustav Preßler (Oak Leaves) Werner Quast Herbert Rabben Waldemar Radener Günther Radusch (Oak Leaves) Günther Rall (Oak Leaves & Swords) Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert (Oak Leaves & Swords) Gerhard Richter Gustav Rödel (Oak Leaves) Heinz Rökker (Oak Leaves) Werner Roell Gerhard Schacht Rudolf Scheffel Richard Schimpf Gerhart Schirmer (Oak Leaves) Joachim Schlichting Heinrich Schlosser Heinrich Schmetz Josef Schölß Fritz Schröter Otto Schultzf Fritz Schulze-Dickow Günther Seeger Ernst Sorge Wolfgang Späte (Oak Leaves) Hendrik Stahl (Oak Leaves) Gerhard Stamp Heinrich Starke Albert Stecken Günther Stein Johannes Steinhoff (Oak Leaves & Swords) Helmut Störchel Bruno Stolle Günther Straehler-Pohl Werner Streib (Oak Leaves & Swords) Erich Timm Hans Teusen Hannes Trautloft Friedrich-Wilhelm Wangerin Werner Weihrauch Ulrich Wernitz Johannes Wiese (Oak Leaves) Friedrich Winter Herbert Wittmann (Oak Leaves)   Bundesmarine Wilhelm Anhalt Ernst Bauer Carl-Heinz Birnbacher Adalbert von Blanc (Oak Leaves) Paul Brasack Jost Brökelmann Otto von Bülow (Oak Leaves) Werner Dobberstein Hans Dominik Gustav Forstmann Heinz Franke Erich Grundmann Friedrich Guggenberger (Oak Leaves) Robert Gysae (Oak Leaves) Heinz Haag Werner Hartmann (Oak Leaves) Hans Heidtmann Heinrich Hoffmann (Oak Leaves) Waldemar Holst Otto Ites Hans Jenisch Rudolf Jesse Rolf Johannesson Friedrich Kemnade (Oak Leaves) Bernd Klug (Oak Leaves) Hermann Knuth Claus Korth Otto Kretschmer (Oak Leaves & Swords) Johann-Otto Krieg Günter Kuhnke Karl-Friedrich Künzel Hans-Günther Lange (Oak Leaves) Philipp Lichtenberg Richard Linke Karl-Heinz Marbach Jens Matzen Wilhelm Meentzen Helmut Möhlmann Albert Müller Karl Müller Otto Nordt Walter Ohmsen Georg Olschewski Herbert Panknin Friedrich-Karl Paul Adolf Piening Georg Pinkepank Otto Pollmann (Oak Leaves) Fritz Poske Adolf Piening Reinhart Reche Hans-Rudolf Rösing Bernhard Rogge (Oak Leaves) Hellmut Rohweder Friedrich Ruge Egon-Reiner von Schlippenbach Gerd-Dietrich Schneider Walter-Erich Schneider Klaus Scholtz (Oak Leaves) Horst von Schroeter Otto Schuhart Herbert Schultze (Oak Leaves) Richard Seuss (Oak Leaves) Karl Smidt Kurt Thoma Ernst-Heinrich Thomsen Rolf Thomsen (Oak Leaves) Heinrich Timm Erich Topp (Oak Leaves & Swords) Horst Weber Karl-Heinz Wiebe Werner Winter Max-Eckart Wolff Siegfried Wuppermann   Deutsches Heer Arnulf Abele Felix Adamowitsch Eckart Afheldt Wilhelm Ahrens Wilhelm Albert Fritz Albrecht Friedrich Anding Georg Audenrieth Fritz Backhauss Bern von Baer (Oak Leaves) Helmut Banaski Herbert Bartels Joachim Barth Ludwig Bauer Heinz Baurmann Gerhard Behnke (Oak Leaves) Heinz Behnke Heinrich Baron von Behr (Oak Leaves) Klemens Behler Fritz Beigel Gerhard Benack Kurt Bentin Robert Berger Werner Freiherr von Beschwitz Walter Beutler Manfred Beutner Carl-Heinz Birnbacher Otto Bittorf Hermann Bix Arnulf Blasig Ludwig Bloos Carl-Ludwig Blumenthal Helmut Bochnig Engelbert Bockhoff Fritz Böhm Alfred Bopp Gerd von Born-Fallois Alfred Bottler Albrecht von Boxberg Wilhelm Bredemeier Konrad Brettschneider Kurt Brill Jost Brökelmann Peter Broich Johann Brucker Friedrich-August Graf von Brühl Eduard Brunner (Oak Leaves) Joachim Boosfeld Fritz Buchenau Karl Buckel Martin Buhr Rudolf Buhse Karl Bulmahn Ludwig-Wilhelm Burkhardt Arnold Burmeister Hans-Jürgen Burmester Hans Busch Heinrich Busse (Oak Leaves) Manfred Büttner Werner Buxa Ulrich Freiherr von Canstein Friedrich Carl Günter Chrzonsz Johann Condné Helmut Corts Alfred Dannebaum Kurt Deichen Paul Delius Oskar-Hubert Dennhardt (Oak Leaves) Josef Dörries Joachim Domaschk (Oak Leaves) Anton Donnhauser Gerhard Dreschler Leo Drossel Rolf Düe Alfred Dürrwanger Werner Ebeling (Oak Leaves) Anton Eder Erich Eisermann Hans Ender Johannes Erasmus Armin Erdmann Richard Ernst Heinz-Martin Ewert (Oak Leaves) Heinz-Otto Fabian (Oak Leaves) Fritz Fechner Willi Fey? Karl-Heinrich Fink Heinz Finke Gerhard Fischer Friedrich Foertsch Herbert Fritz Rolf Fromme Jakob Fuchs Heinrich Gaedcke Gerlach von Gaudecker-Zuch Jürgen Gauß Hebert Geiger Hinrich Gerdes Walter Gericke (Oak Leaves) Karl Gerlach Ludwig Gerlach Waldemar Gerlach Heinrich Gottke Heinz-Günther Guderian Hans Guhr Hermann Haderecker Wolfgang Hartelt Heinrich Hax (Oak Leaves) Eberhard Heder Siegfried Heller Helmut Hermann Othmar Hermes Wilhelm Herold Karl Herzog Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte (Oak Leaves) Cord von Hobe Henning Hoffmeister Oskar Freiherr von Hohenhausen Theodor Hopf Ernst-Albrecht Hückel Wilhelm Hümmerich Hans-Joachim Hunger Hans Huzel Alfred Jaedtke Will Jansen Helmut Jeserer Richard John Ludwig Jooss Arthur Jüttner (Oak Leaves & Swords) Werner Kamischke Albert Kerscher Paul-Georg Kleffel Otto Klos Heinz Knoche Karl-Heinz Knollmann Rolf Knoop Erwin Koch Walter Kopp Heinz Korn Werner Krieger Hans Kroh (Oak Leaves & Swords) Friedrich-Karl Krützmann Wilhelm Kubel Kurt Kühme Hermann Kunz Gottfried Kunze Ernst Kuppinger (Oak Leaves) Gerhard Lange Günter Langer Ernst-Friedrich Langenstraß Hugo Laubereau Heinz-Georg Lemm (Oak Leaves & Swords) Karl-Otto Leukefeld Kurt Freiherr von Liebenstein Friedrich Lindenberg Karl-Hermann Lion Hans-Joachim Löser Wilhelm Loos Anton Lorch Smilo Freiherr von Lüttwitz (Oak Leaves & Swords) Johannes Lutz Konrad Lyhme Franz Mader Hellmuth Mäder (Oak Leaves & Swords) Emil Mai Berndt-Joachim Freiherr von Maltzahn Werner Manns Gerhard Matzky Max Mecklenburg Helmut Meitzel Richard Metzger Werner Meyer Hans Michaelis Berndt von Mitzlaff Werner Möller Karl-Theodor Molinari Alfred Montag (Oak Leaves) Alfred Müller (Oak Leaves) Walter Müller Oskar Munzel Alfred Nähring Werner Naseband Horst Naumann Peter Nebel Rudolf Neubert Walther Neuer Joachim Neumann Ernst Neumüller Lothar Neunhoeffer Horst Niemack (Oak Leaves & Swords) Heinrich Niemann Wilhelm Niggemeyer (Oak Leaves) Friedrich-Karl Nökel Wolfgang von Obstfelder (Oak Leaves) Wilhelm Osterhold Günther Pape (Oak Leaves) Hans-Gotthard Pestke (Oak Leaves) Georg Peterson Karl Pfannkuche Arno Pfeuffer Ernst Philipp (Oak Leaves) Hubert Pilarski (Oak Leaves) Anton-Detlev von Plato Georg Graf von Plettenberg (Oak Leaves) Franz Pöschl Michael Pössinger (Oak Leaves) Eberhard Pohl Othmar Pollmann (Oak Leaves) Josef Prentl (Oak Leaves) Heinrich Press Günter Prill Kurt Prinz Joseph von Radowitz (Oak Leaves) Heinz Rafoth Robert Rebholz Reinhart Reche Paul Reichelt Wilhelm Renner Josef Rettemeier (Oak Leaves) Erich Reuter Johannes Richter Werner Rode Hans Roeger Werner Roell Horst Rudat Gerd Ruge (Oak Leaves) Detlev von Rumohr Sylvester von Saldern-Brallentin Burghardt von Saldern-Wilsnack Walter Salzmann Johann Sandner Fritz Sann Konrad Sauer (Oak Leaves) Jordan Sauter Gottfried Schädlich Rudolf Schier Curt Schille (Oak Leaves) Günther Schemmel Prince Friedrich Ferdinand of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg Erich Schmidt (Oak Leaves) Franz Schmitz Hermann Schütz Emil Schuler Franz-Joseph Schulze Paul Schulze (Oak Leaves) Karl-Heinz Schulz-Lepel August Seidensticker Curt Siewert Heinrich Sonne Max Sperling Hans Speidel Martin Steglich (Oak Leaves) Eberhard Stephan Hans Stern Rolf Stiegert Johann Straub Arno Taulien Hans Teusen Werner Thofern Gottfried Tornau Heinrich Trettner (Oak Leaves) Peter Veeser Günther Viezenz Günter Vollmer Gottfried Weber (Oak Leaves) Irnfried Freiherr von Wechmar Franz Weller (Oak Leaves) Ernst Wellmann (Oak Leaves) Thilo Freiherr von Werthern Heinrich Wetjen Kurt Witschel (Oak Leaves) Rudolf Witzig (Oak Leaves) Hermann Wulf Achim Wunderlich Edel-Heinrich Zachariae-Lingenthal Konrad Zecherle Konrad Zeller Werner Ziegler (Oak Leaves & Swords) Hans Zimmermann Horst Zobel Hugo Zumfelde   Bundesgrenzschutz Kurt Andersen Erwin Bohlken Johannes Bruhn Arnold Burmeister Anton Grasser (Oak Leaves) Lothar Hofer Hermann Knuth Willy Langkeit (Oak Leaves) Werner Lutze Erich Schlemminger Günter Zugehör in alphabetical order       This along with the ? (question mark) indicates doubt regarding the veracity and formal correctness of the listing.

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