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Moon, 218
The Moon System of Embossed Reading (commonly known as the Moon writing, Moon alphabet, Moon type, or Moon code) is a writing system for the blind, using embossed symbols mostly derived from the Latin script (but simplified). It is claimed by its supporters to be easier to understand than Braille, though it is mainly used by people who have lost their sight as adults, and thus already have knowledge of the shapes of letters.
Moon type was developed by Dr. William Moon (1818–1894), a blind Englishman living in Brighton, East Sussex. After a bout of scarlet fever, Moon lost his sight at age twenty-one and became a teacher of blind children. He discovered that his pupils had great difficulty learning to read the existing styles of embossed reading codes, and devised his own system that would be "open and clear to the touch."[1]
Moon first formulated his ideas in 1843 and published the scheme in 1845. Moon is not as well known as Braille, but it is a valuable alternative touch reading scheme for blind or partially sighted people of any age.
Rather than the dots of braille type, Moon type is made up of raised curves, angles, and lines. As the characters are quite large and over half the letters bear a strong resemblance to the print equivalent, Moon has been found particularly suitable for those who lose their sight later in life or for people who may have a less keen sense of touch. It has also proved successful as a mode of literacy for children with additional physical and/or learning difficulties.
Moon books for fluent readers can be borrowed from the RNIB National Library Service and books for children from Clearvision Project.
English Christian missionaries in Ningbo, China, during the Qing dynasty used Moon type to teach blind locals how to read Ningbo. Missionaries who spoke the Ningbo dialect ran the "Home for Indigent Old People" where most of the inmates were blind. In 1874, an English missionary taught a young blind man to read romanised Ningbo written in Moon type. The Gospel of Luke was then transcribed into two large volumes of Moon type. A Swiss missionary placed notices on placards throughout Ningbo stating that he would give food and money to the blind people who visited. He used a point system. The Gospel of Mark was transcribed into Moon type using romanized Mandarin, however, without the tone marks. Missionary Hudson Taylor, who had been involved with the transcription of the gospels, did not find tone marks necessary. However, the romanised Ningpo vernacular has never used tone marks. However, aspirated consonants were distinguished. Since, when singing hymns, tones are important. They were able to read the romanised books due to a good understanding of Ningbo. Similarly, tone marks were not used in the tangible point system used at Hankou.[2]
Wayside Notes. This is written in the court of the Home for Indigent Old People while my companions, who speak the Ningpo colloquial, are talking to the inmates. Many are blind or have eyes little better than blind. The diligence with which a large proportion of them recite prayers is quite noticeable. The same men in charge of this Home have also the trust of a fund to loan out without interest to poor men who can give good security. Many can thus do business who otherwise could not. I found an English missionary who in 1874 taught a young blind man in a short time to read the colloquial of Ningpo written with the letters of Moon's system for the blind. At that time Ningpo had the Gospel of Luke in two large volumes of the Moon's system embossed. This blind man was boarded in the family of a teacher in the missionary's compound, but for some reason he went off and the labour appeared to be lost. This missionary returns to England in a little while, when I hope he will gather information and interest others about the blind in China. A Swiss missionary here used to give out notices by placards over the city that at such a time he would give a feast and money to the blind people who came. He thus tried to gather statistics about them and do them a favour. He was here too short a time to accomplish so much in teaching them as he hoped to do. He used a point system. The Moon's system employed was like the recently brought out Mark in Moon's raised letter Romanized mandarin without tone marks. Mr. Hudson Taylor, who had to do with getting the embossed Luke in Ningpo fifteen years ago, and the embossed Mark in Mandarin does not think that tone marks are necessary. The well known and long used Ningpo Romanized vernacular has not now nor never has had any tone marks. Aspirates, however, are distinguished. When people sing hymns it is not likely that they pay attention to tones in their enunciation. They read the Romanized books, however, correctly, because of the well understood connection of sense. We did not use tone marks in the tangible point system used at Hankow. At a mosque to-day the interesting information was given me of the " J. Crossett.
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