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The close central unrounded vowel, or high central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɨ, namely the lower-case letter i with a horizontal bar. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as barred i. In American tradition this symbol (and the name "barred i") denote a slightly different sound, that of the second syllable of roses when distinct from Rosa's;[1] see also near-close central unrounded vowel.
/ɨ/ is uncommon as a phoneme in Indo-European languages, but does occur as an allophone in many Slavic languages. However, it is very common as a separate phoneme in the indigenous languages of the Americas and is often in phonemic contrast with other close vowels such as /i/ and /u/ both in modern living languages as well as reconstructed proto-languages (e.g. proto-Uto-Aztecan). Campbell, Kaufman & Smith-Stark (1986) identify the presence of this vowel phoneme as an areal feature of a Mesoamerican Sprachbund (although this is not a defining feature of the entire area).
Polish ⟨y⟩ is often transcribed as /ɨ/, but actually it is a close-mid advanced central unrounded vowel, more narrowly transcribed [ɘ̟].[18] Similarly, European Portuguese unstressed ⟨e⟩, often represented as /ɨ/, is actually a near-close near-back unrounded vowel, more narrowly transcribed using ad hoc symbols such as [ɯ̽] (mid-centralized), [ɯ̟] (fronted) and [ʊ̜] (less rounded i.e. unrounded).[19]
Place of articulation, Back vowel, International Phonetic Alphabet, Close-mid vowel, Manner of articulation
Language, Front vowel, Back vowel, International Phonetic Alphabet, Close-mid vowel
Front vowel, International Phonetic Alphabet, Close-mid vowel, Place of articulation, Manner of articulation
Phonology, Russian language, Russian dialects, Polish language, Front vowel
Front vowel, Central vowel, Back vowel, Close vowel, Close-mid vowel
International Phonetic Alphabet, Near-back vowel, Back vowel, Close vowel, Chinese characters
Open back unrounded vowel, Close-mid back rounded vowel, Canada, United Kingdom, Close front unrounded vowel
International Phonetic Alphabet, Ə, Front vowel, Central vowel, Back vowel