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...In 1989 years of Soviet control over political, economic, and military systems had left Poland unprepared to significantly contribute to NATO. However, Poland accepted the challenge of building a capable air arm for NATO as it began to ref...

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...AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLLEGE AIR UNIVERSITY On the Wings of the White EaglePoland’s Air Force Reform and Modernization, 1989–2001 ... ...nclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within aresolely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Air Uni-versity... ... the views of Air Uni-versity, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other USgovernment agency. Cleared for public release: d... ... vii Introduction The winds of change blew swiftly. The accession of threecountries into NATO in March 1999 was an unprecedentedWes... ...eliminate the strong political influence of the mili-tary in hopes of NATO accession. Poland’s economy reflected Communist control, requir-ing many re... ...-form before it could fund the military transformation nec-essary for NATO accession. In 2001 the government, a coalition of “post-Communists”from the... ...olish political parties sup-ported the ratification of the NATO membership treaty in1999.29 Polish citizens also supported NATO accessionwith a 72-per... ...and the responsibilities ofthe president, who is the supreme commander. In 1994 mat-ters between then-Pres. Lech Walesa and Sejm-supportedMOD Piotr Ko... ...munist Pol-itics in Its First Phase (Cambridge, England: University Press, 1994), 56. 4. Ibid., 62. 5. Wiatr, Soldier and the Nation, 33. 6. Millard, ...

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...ontentsCover 1The History of England, from the Accession of James the 3Second... ... 1The History of England, from the Accession of James the 3Second - Volume 5Imprint ... ... 262 Thomas Babington Macaulay The History of England, from theAccession of James the Second - Volum... ...cond - Volume 5 2 The History of England from the Accession of James the Secondby Thomas Babington Macaul... ... Volume 5 2 The History of England from the Accession of James the Secondby Thomas Babington MacaulayVolume V(Chapters ... ...mportance.Even in the first transports of joy with which the bearer of the treaty ofRyswick had been welcomed to England, men had eagerly andanxiously... ...ft us no choice. The regions which we have colonized orconquered since the accession of the House of Hanover contain apopulation exceeding twenty-fold... ..., and was entrusted with thecommand of a corps of Irish refugees. When the treaty of Ryswick hadput an end to the hope that the banished dynasty would... ... war.During the eighteen years which had elapsed between the signing ofthe Treaty of Dover and the Revolution, all the envoys who had beensent from Wh...

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The book is written to record the history of the Tshatshu from their own perspective.

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... reality that engaging the natives in warfare was not a feat that was as easy to attain what many thought; the natives, with their superior knowledge of the territory, had the British troops baffled with their guerilla tactics and inflicted immeasurable damage to the proud imperial army....

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...A prelude to a kiss of death The rape of South Africa The House of Tshatshu - the Ikunene House of King Dlomo Bawana, Maphasa and British imperialism The War of the Axe The War of Mlanjeni Cathcart and the Tambookie Location Sir George Gr...

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...y Somana 0AmaTshatshu – Their Encounter with the Imperium of the BritishISBN 978-0-620-93308-7© Aubrey Somana 2021First publis... ...0-620-93308-7© Aubrey Somana 2021First published 2021All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced ortransmitted in any form or b... ... 1181Henley on Klip1962South AfricaE-mail: aubrey.somana@nikelkruse.comCoverPhoto of Chief Gungubele taken some time before the Battle of Gun-gubele a... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ivAppendix D – Stockenström/Maphasa Amity Treaty, 1837 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vAppendix E... ... takeover of the colony by GreatBritain in 1795. In a deal that culminated in the Treaty of Amiens 10 in1802, Great Britain relinquished the colony ba... ...he following year that ulti-mately saw to the deposition of King James II and the accession of hisProtestant daughter, Mary, and her husband, William ... ...nment was seized with the annexation of both the Transvaal Republicand Natal. The treaty system was somewhat forced on the two governorsas Downing Str... ...overnance ‘in order to retainEmpire”97.92 Ibid., p 189.93 Op. cit.94 C.G. Weldon (1994). The interaction between the missionaries of the Cape eastern ... ...1837 where the Tshatshu border was moved to the Indwe River.344 T. J. Stapleton (1994) Maqoma: Xhosa Resistance to Colonial Advance, p 39. ...

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...Force ground commander and scholar, Lt Col Dave Marttala, brings to light a problem previously overlooked in popular discussion: Air Force deployment of large numbers of Airmen to augment the joint ground fight and the consequent breakage of the US war-fighting capability writ large....

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... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Convoy Airmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Assumptions and Expectations . . . . . . . . . . 7 In-Lieu-of Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Current Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Joint Requirements and Sourcing . . . . . . . . 8 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 T...

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... Circle, Maxwell AFB AL 36112-6006. The “In Lieu Of” Myth Marttala ... ...NTER FOR OFFICER EDUCATION AIR FORCE FEllOWS The “In lieu Of” MythAirmen in Joint Ground Operations David W. Marttala ... ...search Information Center Cataloging DataMarttala, David W. The “in lieu of” myth : airmen in joint ground operations / David W. Marttala. p. ; c... ...itutions studying national securitypolicy and strategy. Beginning with the 1994 academic year,these programs were accorded in-residence credit as part... ...ing the Sustainment Model . . . . . . . 34 Increased Accessions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Battlefie... ... 1.100Ratio 1.000 0.900 0.800 0.700 0.600 0.500 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 200... ...s inclu-sion among this summary of temporary corrective measures.Increased Accessions In order to feed the larger requirement for new recruits to flo... ...ional forces of the Soviet Unionvastly outnumbered those of North Atlantic Treaty Organizationallies in Central Europe. In order to increase the odds ...

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... Air Force contribution to—and shaping by—arms control. The ability to make these assessments did not blossom overnight. This book captures the story of a young Air Force’s initial (and limited) impact on arms-control negotiations and outcomes. It goes on to document a growing awareness by the service that it was better to help craft the US position than to be only a recip...

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...solely those ofthe contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United StatesAir Force, the Department of Defense, o... ...tiontrying to adhere to a largely isolationist outlook, the potentialpower of the atom was yet to be fully realized and had certainlynot been weaponiz... ...to be fully realized and had certainlynot been weaponized, and the defense of our nation wasentrusted to a secretary of war and a secretary of Navy. T... ...ook at some US facilities in accor-dance with the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START). Atthe moment, we do not yet know which bases the Russianswa... ...o takes place frequentlyin Russia as American inspectors exercise the same treatyrights. Reflect for a minute, how did the United States AirForce, the... ... legs of this nation’s strategic deterrentforce, make its inputs into this treaty as it was being writtenin the 1980s and 1990s? How did the Air Force... ...Andreopoulos, and Mark R. Shulman (New Haven, Conn.:Yale University Press, 1994), 141. 4. Martin Middlebrook, The Battle of Hamburg (London: Allan Lan... ...ietRelations from Nixon to Reagan (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution,1994), 146; interview of Henry Kissinger for CNN’s “Cold War” series, episo... ...of arms con-trol. START I went into force on 5 December 1994 withUkraine’s accession to the Lisbon Protocol.8 As for other lega-cies of the Bush Admin...

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...n to Genocide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Dr. Douglas C. Peifer Case Studies 1 American Intervention in Africa: Building on the Lessons of Somalia . . . . . . . . . . 21 Lt Col Aaron Steffens, USAF 2 Genocide, Airpower, and Intervention: Rwanda 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Maj George Stanley, USAF 3 Defeating Genocide: An...

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...nions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of theeditor and do not necessarily represent the views of Air Un... ...ly represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force,the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public... ... Case Studies1 American Intervention in Africa: Building on the Lessons of Somalia . . . . . . . . . . 21 Lt Col Aaron ... ... Lt Col Aaron Steffens, USAF2 Genocide, Airpower, and Intervention: Rwanda 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... US–led Unified Task Force (UNITAF)mission in Somalia during the period 1992 through 1994. Stef-fens maintains that the famine, which caused the death... ...ed a resolution condemning genocide and tasking acommittee to draft an international treaty banning it. Committee members engaged with drafting the c... ...be defined so that theSoviets—guilty of their own mass murders—would not obstructthe treaty? 7 And how could the treaty be made meaningful asa measure... ...among them. Initially, the American Bar Association andsouthern senators opposed the treaty due to the ambiguities ofarticle 2. Later, conservatives o... ...ed an estimated 20 percentof the Cambodian population between 975 and 979.20 TheUS accession to the convention in 988 and the end of theCold War di...

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...mistakenly or deliberately turned into "ethnic"or "political" classifications by early explorers or intelligence agents arriving in those lands ahead of the Russian armies and bureaucrats....

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...to reach Central Asia. The indigenous Tengri and Shamanism,20 which appears to have co- existed with Zoroastrianism, prevailed even after the arrival of other religions such as Buddhism and Manichaeanism.21 The introduction of Islam into Central Asia went through roughly three stages: force of arms and alms; the scholasticist madrasa; Sufism. But the first group to come in...

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...ESSAYS ON CENTRAL ASIA by H.B. Paksoy ________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Nationality or Religion? Views of Central Asian Islam [127Kb] AACAR Bulletin (of the Association for the Advancement of Central Asian Research) Vol VIII, No. 2, 1995; Reprinted in International J...

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... 2 ESSAYS ON CENTRAL ASIA by H.B. Paksoy TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction... ... TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Nationality or Religion? Views of Central Asian Islam [127Kb]AACAR Bulletin (of the Association for theA... ...(of the Association for theAdvancement of Central Asian Research) Vol VIII, No. 2,1995; Reprinted in International Journal of Central AsianStudies Vol... ...s. 3-4,Autumn/Winter 1986 Two Mythical PANs: Uses of Apocrypha Ascribed to the TurksEurasian Studies (Ankara) Summer 1994; Translation inAvrasya... ... Bolshevik Relations with the TBMM Government: The First Contacts, 1919-1921The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies No. 12 (1994) ... ...rivileged access to the Holy Land as "protector" of the Orthodox in Ottomandomains (a claim first made by Catherine in the Treaty of Kuchuk Kaynarja[1... ...r of political chaos,nuclear proliferation and, the successor to the Pan-Islamic threat, IslamicFundamentalism.First, the "Treaty Principle of the Sov... ...Soviet Federation," raised by Gorbachev at the28th Party Congress, was not abandoned after the coup attempt of August 1991.Treaty bonds are still said... ...lam during the reign of theChinggisid Berkei Khan (r. 1257-1267). However, Islam was notwidely established until after the accession of Ozbeg (1313-13...

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...is divided into two clearly distinct parts, the first dealing with linguistic conventions applicable in all contexts and the second with the workings of the European Union — and with how those workings are expressed and reflected in English. This should not be taken to imply that ‘EU English’ is different from ‘real English’; it is simply a reflection of the fact that the ...

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...or European UnionThis ebook represents an independent adaptation of the European Commission workEnglish Style Guide, freely available vi... ...erve a wider readershipas well.In this Guide, ‘style’ is synonymous with a set of accepted linguistic conventions; ittherefore refers to recommended i... ...ss, 1999) and Style: Toward Clarity and Grace by Joseph M.Williams (University of Chicago Press, 1995), and the European Commission’s own Howto write ... ...ts, seventy 25-cent stampsCompound numbers that are to be written out (e.g. in treaty texts) take a hyphen: • the thirty-first day of December, nine... ...ed as a noun: • Parliament objected to the President’s prompt signing of the Treaty. (1)The use of the possessive form (the President’s) follows the... ...l, asin: • Parliament objected to the President’s prompt denunciation of the Treaty.However, (1) could also be expressed as: • Parliament objected... ... (1997) • the Treaty of Nice (2001) • the Treaty of Lisbon (2007) • five Accession Treaties (1972; 1979; 1985; 1994; 2003).THE TREATIES IN DETAI... ...nd a number of institutions wererenamed. This process is still ongoing, though.Accession treaties. The original Treaties have been supplemented by six... ...en supplemented by six treaties ofaccession. These are: • the 1972 Treaty of Accession (Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom), • the 1979 Treat...

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...The analysts were charged with the task of anticipating which specific contentious issues likely will propel large, organized political units to choose violent means of acquiring their sociopolitical objectives rather than attaining them peacefully. The units on wh...

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............................................ii PREFACE....................................................vi HISTORY, CULTURE, AND CHANGE: FOUNDATIONS OF CONFLICTS AND WARS......1 RELIGION-A BANNER FOR TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY CONFLICT............................19 NATIONAL FRAGMENTATION, ETHNICITY, AND THE NEW WORLD ORDER............................32 POPULATION PRESSURES, ...

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... DisclaimerThis publication was produced in the Department of Defense school environment in theinterest of academic freedom and the ad... ... school environment in theinterest of academic freedom and the advancement of national defense-related concepts.The views expressed in this publicatio... ...defense-related concepts.The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not reflect theofficial policy or position of the Dep... ...nsions between themembers of the former Warsaw Pact and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO), how can we explain the prevailing concern with t... ...inues humanitarian problems will remain. United States and North Atlantic Treaty Organization air assets have mounted a fewsmall tactical strikes to ... ...ary securityfield, the Partnership for Peace program of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) promises to bring the emerging democratic and fre... ...ch these states are brought intoNATO forums and Russia’s response to these accessions. If, for example, states wereadmitted into NATO under ambiguous ... ...to instabilityrather than stability. Likewise, if Russia perceives further accessions of former WarsawPact states as a threat to its interests, it cou... ...e European Union(EU). In 1995 Austria, Finland, and Sweden completed their accessions into the EU. 38Such states as Turkey, Malta, Cyprus, Poland, Hun...

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... be different from the relationship with Europe as it exists now is also quite obvious. There must be a new balance. This paper offers a perfect view of how the new US-EU relationship will develop. It will take time before a unified Europe will be a powerful ally, especially from a military point of view, but we will get there. Meanwhile, we will continue to make critical...

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...1 NOSTALGIA, NATO, AND THE NEW EUROPE . .1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 2 THE VERY MODEL OF A MODERN MAJOR NATION-STATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3 ANARCHY, POWER, AND INTEREST: UNDERSTANDING ALLIANCES . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Notes . ....

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...ty as a bombardment instructor, Walker became the epitome of the strategic thinkers at the school ... ...rategic thinkers at the school and coined the revolutionary airpower “creed of the bomber.” “A well-planned, well-... ...heeler Field, Hawaii. Walker returned to the UnitedStates in January 1941, as assistant chief of the Plans Division for the chiefof the Air Corps in W... ...ates—Foreign relations—Europe. 2. Europe—Foreign relations— United States. 3. North Atlantic Treaty Organization—United States. 4. European Union—Un... ...ean Security and Defense Identity (ESDI) and the tensions itwas causing in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).Specifically, I thought I cou... ...omise would be“highly corrosive to the transatlantic relationship.”6 Even the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), thatsturdy exemplar of trans... ...and issued them to memberstates in a classified form. All countries that are candidates forEU accession are expected to comply with these rules before... ...nizationasked people in all of the then-current EU member states and allof the candidates for accession during 2004 about their identi-ties. While onl... ...le to that of the UnitedStates. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the EU (includingthe 2004 accessions) is slightly larger than that of the UnitedSt...

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...In this paper, Lt Col Gordy Hendrickson examines the recent history of the relationship and the Russian perspectives on that history and addresses many of the potentially contentious issues still facing NATO and Russia. He then outlines a useful framework for interaction between the two sides...

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... . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4 CONTENTIOUS ISSUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 5 AREAS OF COOPERATION. . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 6 RECOMMENDATIONS—THE WAY AHEAD . . . 39 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51...

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...ined on the faculty as a bombardment in- structor, Walker became the epitome of the ... ...trategic thinkers at the school and coined the revolutionary airpower “creed of the bomber”: ... ...d, and Wheeler Field, Hawaii. Walker returned to the United States in January 1941 as assistant chief of the Plans Division for the chief o... ...o. 6) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-58566-155-4 1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization—Russia (Federatio... ... Treaty Organization—Russia (Federation). 2. Russia (Federa- tion)—Foreign relations. 3. North Atlantic Treaty Organization—Membership. I. ... ... —Cong. Curt Weldon Over the past decade, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) ha... ... Summit in July 1997, and NATO subsequently invited Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary to start accession talks. In March 199... ...cy of Cold War hostility and suspicion.12 Furthermore, and unfortunately for NATO-Russian relations, the accession of three former Sov... ... stipulations to remove its armed forces from Georgia and Moldova. Russia now is using recent NATO accessions to argue that the ...

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...It is my hope that these three essays provide the reader with a better and more comprehensive understanding of the International Criminal Court, its development, and the reasons all Americans should be concerned. For the non-American reader, I hope that these essays provide a well-articulated explanation of our concerns about the...

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.... . . . . . . .iii ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS . . . . . . . . . . . .vii PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix Essays A HISTORY OF WAR CRIMES AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Maj David A. Hater Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 ...

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...d paper, ISSN 1528-2325) Includes bibliographical references. Contents: A history of war crimes and their consequences / David A. Hater––The In-tern... ...and their consequences / David A. Hater––The In-ternational Criminal Court : a case of the United States having its cake and eating it too?/ Steven D.... ...Cuish and Tomislav Ruby. Appendix: Signatories and ratifications to theRome Statute of the ICC. ISBN 1-58566-137-6 1. International Criminal Court. ... ...blishment of the permanent In-ternational Criminal Court (ICC) as called for in the Treaty ofRome since I first began teaching an elective, Morality a... ...vened in Rome from 15 June until17 July 1998 to negotiate and draft what became the Treaty ofRome, establishing the permanent ICC. The participants in... ...anizations. When all was said and done,there were 120 states voting in favor of the treaty, seven againstit, and 21 abstentions. There is no record ab... ... Ratification, State Party State Signature Accession (a) Number Afghanistan 10 Feb 2... ... State PartyState Signature Accession (a) NumberBenin ... ... State PartyState Signature Accession (a) NumberCôte d’Ivoire ...

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...Mission: As the intellectual and leadership center of the Air Force, Air University provides dynamic comprehensive education to prepare graduates to develop, employ, command, research, and champion air, space, and cyberspace power at all levels. Vision: The intellectual and...

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...catalog is supplemented by the following publications: Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) Catalog; Community College of the Air Force (CCAF) Gen... ...ersonnel. It serves as a public relations medium for Air Force, Department of Defense, and civilian audiences. The catalog also provides a brief descr... ...nse, and civilian audiences. The catalog also provides a brief description of the schools and professional organizations that make up Air University. ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Jeanne M. Holm Center for Officer Accessions and Citizen Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... Jeanne M. Holm Center for Officer Accessions and Citizen Development ... ...lopment and Education (the LeMayCenter), Jeanne M. Holm Center for Officer Accessions andCitizen Development (the Holm Center), Thomas N. BarnesCenter... ...international nonproliferation diplomacy,nonproliferation and arms control treaty regimes, counter-terrorist activities, and deterrence of conflicts. ... ...e development of multinational doctrine publications for theNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The director fordoctrine development is the Air... ...partment of Defense, regional organiza-tions (including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO]),and coalition partners. The course also analyze...

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...Women have served in and with the United States armed forces since the founding of our nation; yet it has only been since the 1970s that issues concerning women in the military have been seriously and systematically pursued by both scholars and military planners. This volume is an effort to identify and ...

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... Service A History, Analysis, and Overview of Key Issues ... ...nclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the authorand do not necessarily represent the views of Air University,... ...or public release: distribution unlimited. Table of Contents Contact: Air University Press ... ...ment subsequently known as "Womanpause," the DOD announced a reappraisal of accessiongoals and policies regarding women in the military and a subseque... ...tary, 388.59. This victory came at the cost of having to redo the Air Force accession methodology (computerized"manpower" system) for obtaining new re... ...n in a wide variety of jobs short of direct combat helped to meet personnel accession needs in anall-volunteer force.In all of these cases, the needs ... ... acronym or abbreviation (without periods) thereafter: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Air Command and Staff College (ACSC) In... ...amendments, bills, and laws): Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces the treaty (INF) Treaty Conventional Forces in Europe the treaty ... ... (INF) Treaty Conventional Forces in Europe the treaty (CFE) Treaty Treaty of Verdun the treaty National Labor Relati...

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...This study analyzes the characteristics and capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to determine their capability to carry weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The author presents an overview of the various forms of WMD—chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons. The objective ...

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...INTRODUCTION . . . . 1 UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE AND REMOTELY PILOTED VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES . . . . . 5 WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION . . . . 13 A PROLIFERATION SCENARIO . . . . . 27 ANALYSIS . . . . . 29 CONCLUSION . . . . . 41 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . 43...

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... Unmanned Aerial Vehiclesand Weapons of Mass Destruction A Lethal Combination? JEFFREY ... ...A Lethal Combination? JEFFREY N. RENEHAN, Major, USAF School of Advanced Airpower Studies THESIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULT... ...power Studies THESIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIRPOWER STUDIES, MAXWELL AIR FORCE BASE, ALABAMA, F... ...es which dealwith the weapons themselves, such as, the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty(NPT) and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). “Delivery syste... ...ntral Command Element Headquarters(MARCENT) papers. 7. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 1994 Master Plan (Washington, D.C.: Government PrintingOffice, 31 May ... ... Pimpernels,” Air International, February 1992, 88. 5. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 1994 Master Plan (Washington, D.C.: Government PrintingOffice, 31 May ... ...t of thesituation and some recommendations. The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty Increasingly, nuclear proliferation is acknowledged to be one o... ...ear “haves” and the“have nots,” which critics claim undermines adherence to the treaty. Further,as with any multilateral arms control agreement, it ha... ...emical Weapons (Washington, D.C.: Department of State, March 1995), 17.With the accession of China and France in 1992, all the declared nuclear weapon...

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... G. Lee 6 When the Enemy Has Our Eyes . . . . . . . 303 Cynthia A. S. McKinley PART IV High-Ground Perspectives 7 National Security Implications of Inexpensive Space Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 William W. Bruner III 8 Concepts of Operations for a Reusable Launch Space Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 Michael A. Rampino 9 The Inherent...

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... Beyond the Paths of HeavenThe Emergence of Space Power Thought A Comprehensive Anthology of Space-Re... ... of Space-Related Master’s Research Produced by the School of Advanced Airpower Studies Edited by Bruce M. DeB... ... Edited by Bruce M. DeBlois, Colonel, USAF Professor of Air and Space Technology Air University Press Maxwe... ... weapons, but allows formilitary-related systems providing such functions as treatyverification and intelligence activities. Advocates maintain theonl... ...d Technology Council (NSTC)-4, National SpaceTransportation Policy, 5 August 1994, the United States isplanning to make a significant leap forward in ... ...hat the United States willnecessarily lead the way into space; (2) perceived treaty,policy, and legal limitations; (3) the Challenger accident; and(4)... ...rce Association, “Special Report: Facing Up to the SpaceProblem,” 1 November 1994. 8. The seminal work of Graham T. Allison, Essence of Decision (NewY... ...o respond from the United States must be present to allowAmerica to meet its treaty commitments with its allies. Histori-cally, responses to the small... ...Owen, PhD 507BEYOND THE PATHS OF HEAVENcal analogy with the accession of airpower from the earlytwentieth century onward seems partic...

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...d War political uncertainties, how have they operated, how have they responded to new air power thinking, and how have they adapted to the challenges of costs and technologies? He convincingly argues that budgetary provision has not been the most important factor in generating effective air power....

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...evant Air PowerContinental European Responses to the Air Power Challenges of the Post–Cold War Era Christian F. Anrig, PhD Air Un... ... Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama August 2011 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataAnrig, Christian F. The ques... ...relevant air power : continental European responses to the air powerchallenges of the post–Cold War era / Christian F. Anrig. p. cm. Includes ... ... comparatively minor contributionsof European air forces to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) were not visible to the outside world because... .... M. Godderij, military representative of theNetherlands to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Lt Col Dr.Marcel de Haas, Netherlands Institute of... ...ance wielded the most potent airarms. After the cancellation of the Versailles treaty, German airpower was again on the rise, with the Luftwaffe playi... ... joint task force (CJTF) concept. Endorsed by NATOmember states at the January 1994 summit in Brussels, the CJTFaimed at improving NATO’s ability to d... ...ting, the top echelon was reduced fromthree to two major NATO commands by June 1994 by disbandingAllied Command Channel and restructuring NATO under t... ...cipation in international burden sharinghad grown since the Federal Republic’s accession to the UN in1973.162 In 1987, for the first time since the en...

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...ed DISCLAIMER This publication was produced in the Department of Defenseschool environment in the interest of academic freedom and theadv... ...eschool environment in the interest of academic freedom and theadvancement of national defense-related concepts. The viewsexpressed in this publicatio... ...defense-related concepts. The viewsexpressed in this publication are those of the authors and do notreflect the official policy or position of the Dep... ...till considered a strategic commodity; far from beingformalized in a peace treaty, the unprecedented agreement in 1993between Israelis and Palestinian... ...Africamore attractive for European trade and investment once theMaastricht Treaty went into effect, lest the EU deny North Africaaccess altogether to ... ...onsolidation of European unitythrough the implementation of the Maastricht Treaty will certainlybe a formidable task. Can such a task be any less form... ...grams and involuntary separations have alsobeen necessary, and we have cut accessions to the minimum levelto sustain the future force structure. Even ... ...c. 256We need a viable recruiting program to bring in new accessions.Then we must have high-quality training programs, a fair andequi... ...that our reduced force structure,which calls for about 200,000 active duty accessions per year, caneasily be sustained, even in a highly competitive r...

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...ella provides allies an assurance so they do not perceive the need to develop nuclear weapons arsenals for themselves. This study explores the impact of US nuclear weapon policy on the current and future effectiveness of extended nuclear deterrence for the Republic of Turkey. It concludes that the credibility of US extended nuclear deterrence for Turkey depends on many fac...

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... . . . .5 Research Questions and Methods . . . . .5 Outline . . . . .6 Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations . . . . .6 2 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF AMERICAN NUCLEAR WEAPONS? . . . . .11 Political Uses for US Nuclear Weapons . . . .12 A Special Case of Deterrence: Extended Nuclear Deterrence . . . . .15 Linking Extended Nuclear Deterrence and Nonproliferation . . . ...

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...ined on the faculty as a bombardment in- structor, Walker became the epitome of the strategic thinkers at the scho... ...trategic thinkers at the school and coined the revolutionary airpower “creed of the bomber”: “A well-planned, well... ... Wheeler Field, Hawaii. Walker returned to the United Statesin January 1941 as assistant chief of the Plans Division for the chief of theAir Corps in ... ...uished civilian institutions studying national securitypolicy and strategy. Beginning with the 1994 academic year,these programs were accorded senior ... ...-vince the Turks to stay in the nonnuclear category, he recom-mends keeping the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)and bilateral alliances with ... ...Similarly, France and the United Kingdomreduced their nuclear arsenals, and the North Atlantic TreatyOrganization (NATO) nations declared that their r... ...ing for civilian or military 7INTRODUCTIONnuclear programs, and Turkish treaty agreements forswearingnuclear weapons. Despite ... ...rely strain Turkish alliances with NATO and theUnited States, as well as jeopardize successful accession intothe EU.86 Because Turkish military and ci... ...PKK declared unilateral cease-fire in 1999Dec. 2004 European Union starts accession negotiations with Turkey2005 ...

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...Ahlak ile Realite Arasında Ak Parti’nin Dış Politikası Foreign Policy of AK Party Between Morality and Reality Bekir Berat Özipek 9 Islam and the New Balkans: Lessons from the Last Century and the Third Millenium’s Perspective İslam ve Yeni Balkanlar: Son Yüzyıldan Alınan Dersler ve Üçüncü ...

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...e Balkans c.3: Gönül Fethinden Zihniyet Temsiline / From the Conquest of Hearts to the Representation of Mentality c.4: Vakti Azizde... ...presentation of Mentality c.4: Vakti Azizden Vakti Zelalete / From Times of Glory to Times of Humilityc.5: Köprüler Yıkan Zihniyetin Yıkılışı / Demo... ...ontensAhlak ile Realite Arasında Ak Parti’nin Dış PolitikasıForeign Policy of AK Party Between Morality and RealityBekir Berat Özipek ................... ... with the sub-stance of the ‘minority protection’ regime prescribed by the Treaty of Lausanneand other relevant legal instruments. Measures targeting ... ...r-mined the minority provisions between Greece and Turkey set forth in the Treatyof Lausanne. Very often, both states invoke the other state’s violati... ... the other state’s violations to covertheir own poor implementation of the Treaty. Thus, the shrinking of the Greek-Orthodox minority in Turkey from 1... ...cial candidate formembership of the EU, and in 2005 it entered into formal accession negotiati-ons. Poland started the negotiations in 1998 and entere... ...rcent. At the same time, in2012 only 17 percent of Turks believed that the accession would eventually hap-pen.3 There may be several reasons for the g... ...everal reasons for the growing scepticism, mainly: • prolongation of the accession process for so many years, • unclear declarations from the EU s...