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...As a new model and platform of knowledge production emerging in the internet age, the rise of Wikipedia is undoubtedly of epochal significance. Its collaborative, pluralistic, open, egalitarian, de-monopolized, and de-nationalized modes of editing and c...

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...“One of the core beliefs of the Wiki world is that whatever problems exist in the Wiki will be gradually corrected over time as the process unfolds.” My response is simple: this so-called “core belief” is not one I hold, and to m...

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...Volume I: The Wikipedia Encyclopedia from the Perspective of Knowledge Politics Understanding the Wikipedia Encyclopedia Global Center for Digital and Intelligent Knowledge Studies (Supervised by Gan Lihao) Knowledge Production and Dissemination of Wikipedia from the Perspectiv...

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...4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%9F%E7%9 B%B8%EF%BC%9F.③ Wikipedia. (n.d.). Conflict-of-interest_editing_on_Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict-of... ...符号通常被认为具有科学和自然的特性，甚至成为科学规律① Lanier, J. (2006). Digital Maoism: The hazards of the new online collectivism. Edge.org. https://www.edge.org/conversation... ... https://www.edge.org/conversation/jaron_lanier-digital-maoism-the-hazards-of-the-new-online-collectivism.② 2007 年在哥伦比亚商学院的实验为例，糖果实际数目为 1116 颗，73 个学生参... ...ulture in a networked era: A conversation on youth, learning,commerce, and politics 书中指出，网络社区参与（不论何种主题）都可以作为普遍意义上的参与文化形式。“参与文化”这个概念可以简单地指向围绕某些参与行为所构建的... ...E, Sikkink K. Activists beyond borders: Advocacy networks in international politics[M]. Cornell University Press, 1998.③ Della Porta D, Tarrow S. Tran... ...构——Hubs（枢纽）。维基百科作为一个全球性的协作知识平台，通过其分支机构 Hub 展示了跨国界的协作模式。其中，ESEAP Hu（b East, Southeast Asiaand the Pacific Regional Cooperation Hub）代表了维基媒体在东亚、东南亚以及太平洋地... ...07, 55(3): 323-342.③ Parry K. Visibility and visualities: ‘ways of seeing’ politics in the digital media environment[J]. Handbook of digital politics.... ...made such a decision. Israel is anapartheid (a hybrid between Jim Crow and South African style apartheid) state that oppressesmillions of people and y... ...s is a gay friendly city that has emerged as the capital of gay tourism in SouthAmerica because of its active night and gay-friendly atmosphere. The c...

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...ാസ്ത്രം / അദ്ധ്യാത്മവിദ്യ (Theology), പുരാണങ്ങൾ (Epics), കൂടോത്രം (Blackmagic/Witchcraft) തുടങ്ങിയവയും, അതോടൊപ്പം തന്നെ, ദക്ഷിണേഷ്യൻ ചരിത്രം (History of South-Asia), ഇങ്ഗ്ളിഷ് കൊളോണിയലിസം (English Colonialism), ബൃട്ടിഷ് ഇന്ത്യ (British India), ലോക ചരിത്രം (World History), ഈ പ്രാദേശിക ഉപദ്വീപിന്റെ ചരിത്രം എന്നിവയും മറ്റും ഈ എഴുതാൻ പോകുന്ന വിഷയത്തിൽ ചെറുതായോ, അതുമല്ലെങ്കിൽ ക...

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...lume Five Vol 1 to 5 An impressionistic history of the South Asian subcontinent VED from VICTORIA INSTITUTIONS ... ...ve Vol 1 to 5 An impressionistic history of the South Asian subcontinent VED from VICTORIA INSTITUTIONS ... ... from VICTORIA INSTITUTIONS It is foretold! The torrential flow of inexorable destiny! ... ... , for your own use or for selling to others.The cover-file of each book can be opened by clicking on the Pin give... ... അനുഭാവ ചി തീകരണം – Vol 1 An Impressionistic History of the South Asian Subcontinent – Vol 1 VED from VICTORIA INS... ... അനുഭാവ ചി തീകരണം – Vol 1 An Impressionistic History of the South Asian Subcontinent – Vol 1 by ... ...ക ുകളിലും െച ് എ ി ി ു ്. അവിട ളിൽ ഉ രാഷ് ടീയ നയം ചമ ു വർ ആ ശയി ു Politics and International Relationship എ എ ാഡമി ് വിഷയ ിന് ഈ ഫ... ...s' list േകാെളജുകളിെല അഭ വിദ ാഭ ാസ പഠന വിഷയമായ Politics and International Relations ഒരു വിഡ്ഢി വിഷയമായാണ് പരിണമി ി ... ...ഹ വർ ( ബാ ണർ) പിടി നിർ ിയ . ഇ ് സുഡാൻ (Sudan) കടൽ ീര ു കടൽെകാ ാരുെട ൈകകളിൽ മ പേദശ ...

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...The following chapters are independent essays written in April and May 2016, and they can be read in any order. The wars for the global resources of oil and natural gas are the topic of most essays. To a large extent, the wars of the 20th and 21st centuries were the result of energy rich countries competing to secure their exports, or the result of energy poor countrie...

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...y & Terrorism Part 8 Iakovos Alhadeff Table of Contents Introduction The Islamic Iron Curtai... ...d ISIS? The Kurds Between Russia and United States The Causes of the French Revolution The War for SugarThe Islamic World... ...The Islamic World in 1500 C.E. and the Shift to the Atlantic The Travels of Marco Polo and the Silk Roads IntroductionThe follow... ...whole Muslim World in a Socialist Islamic Union inorder to be successful. In politics it is not all or nothing. Erdogan has alreadymanaged to “convinc... ...ine, because Iran andQatar share the largest gas field in the world i.e. the South Pars/North Fields.The Saudis on the other hand are not as rich as t... ... by the Gatestone Institute, about the alliance that was forgedbetween Iran, Sudan, Al Qaeda and the Lebanese Hezbollah in the early 90sin Sudan. See ... ...ticular article was written in 2013 and it is a bit outdated, because in2015 Sudan changed sides, and aligned itself with Saudi Arabia, afterreceiving... ... the early 90s, and it alsosays that training camps were opened in Sudan and South Lebanon, andHezbollah was the one training the men recruited by Osa... ... of this terror alliance.17th, 18th, 19th ParagraphsThe Tri-Border region of South America, where the borders of Argentina, Brazil, andParaguay met, s...

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...Throughout history, those who were at the forefront of making this world a better place have been oppressed. Today is no different. MORALS tells the true story of the young activist Max Nowak who suddenly discovers that he is a suspected terrorist. On FBI orders, Max is abd...

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..................................................................................................................................35 13 In the Business of Making Money.................................................................................................37 14 A Sense of Humor.............................................................................................

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...veStatism By Max NowakTable of ContentsPreface............................................................ .........................................................3513 In the Business of Making Money............................................................... .................................................................3714 A Sense of Humor...................................................................... ...d throughout the world (inthe 50 years prior to 9/11, mostly in the global South) has been an undeniable constant; the U.S. wasthe largest internation... ...he U.S. was one of the last nations to support the apartheid government of South Africa,even when it was clear that a U.S. economic boycott would quic... ...as follows: The dominant view is that the U.S. was on the right side in South Africa, that it opposed apartheid. But nothing could be further from... ... has fed Terror to Afghanistan, Iraq, Kurdistan, Lebanon, Libya, Palestine,Sudan, and to various extents in other countries, too. After Iraqi forces i... ...n—to a new threat. Many of our leaders have gone past the old-fashioned politics of the democratic era and entered into the politics of fear. Peop...

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...France is fighting Al-Qaeda in Africa and ISIS in France. Al-Qaeda was supported by Iran and Sudan while ISIS was supported by Turkey. This essay explains the economic underpinnings of these wars. ...

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... The Al-QaedaWar Against France Iakovos Alhadeff Table of Contents Introduction Sudan and Iran The Franco-... ...the Islamic State Articles IntroductionThe enemies of France, for example Iran, Turkey, Sudan, the Hezbollah ofLebanon, ... ...nst France. In the previousdecades Qaddafi‟s Libya was another potential sponsor of terrorism againstFrance, but after 2000 the relations between Fran... ...med an alliance with Chad, and together theysupported separatist rebel groups in South Sudan, which is where theSudanese oil is located. See Gatestone... ...es of Qatar, withthe blessings of Turkey, entered Libya, and it was in 2011 that South Sudangained its independence. It was the same war.Qaddafi‟s Lib... ...e itsproduction to 250.000 barrels.After the Arab Spring and the independence of South Sudan both the Libyanand Sudanese oil productions collapsed.Ima... ...xcavation of its origins in the anti-colonial and anti-French context ofAlgerian politics of the early 1990s. It also requires understanding the conne... ...be used to buy armsfor rebels and mercenaries,‖ Bashir declared. It was a public politics undertakingdesigned to maximize political rewards for Bashir... ...ich Doha drew from the Libya crisis — Qatar‘s first real surgeonto the big-power politics — was that money was not enough, and that there was nosubsti...

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...This long essay is the second part of a series, with the first part being “USA Russia & China in the Middle East: Alliances & Conflicts”. Over 80 maps are used to explain the energy war between Russia and Turkey, two countries that have been fighting for regio...

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...Russia vs TurkeyThe Geopolitics of the South and the Turk Stream Pipelines Iakovos Alhadeff ... ...Russia vs TurkeyThe Geopolitics of the South and the Turk Stream Pipelines Iakovos Alhadeff ... ...rk Stream Pipelines Iakovos Alhadeff May 2015 Table of Contents IntroductionThe 21st Century Conflicts Between Russia... ...flicts Between Russia &Turkey Turkey‘s Energy Dependence on Russia The South and the Turk Stream Pipelines Why the Turk Stream is not the Best Op... ...est Option Neither for Russia nor for Turkey How the Announcement of the Turk Stream Benefits Russia How the Announcement of the ... ...he Announcement of the Turk Stream Benefits Turkey The Cost of the South and the Turk Stream Greece Between Russia and Turkey Comparing ... ...alists. Unfortunately the article is written in Greek.http://www.enikos.gr/politics/205715,Koyroymplhs:_O_Andreas_Papandreoy_htan_e.htmlConstantinos K... ...rambling to upgrade Kammenos' contacts,without success.http://en.enikos.gr/politics/29227,Greek-defense-min-snubbed-by-US-couterpart.htmlAll this game... ...ports andaffected two international air traffic routes.http://en.enikos.gr/politics/24919,Turkey-cancels-provocative-military-exercise-in-Aegean.htmlA...

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...Essays Introduction: The Protraction and Prolongation of Wars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Karl P. Magyar Iran-Iraq: Protracted Conflict, Prolonged War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 M. A. Shahriar Shirkhani and Con...

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... Edited by Karl P. Magyar, PhDConstantine P. Danopoulos, PhDLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataProlonged wars: the post-nuclear... ...science) 3. Africa—History, Military. 4. Asia—History, Military. 5. World politics—1945– I. Magyar, K. P. (Karl P.) II. Danopoulos, Constantine P.... ...1 DisclaimerThis publication was produced in the Department of Defense school environment in the interestof academic freedom and the a... ...e school environment in the interestof academic freedom and the advancement of national defense-related concepts. The viewsexpressed in this publicati... ...er Gregory was senior public affairs officer, Anglo-American Corporation of South Africa. Previously, he taughtAfrican politics in the Department of I... ...r, Anglo-American Corporation of South Africa. Previously, he taughtAfrican politics in the Department of International Relations,University of the Wi... ...y of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. His researchand publications focus on southern African affairs. He currentlyresides in the United Kingdom. Cobie... ...rom the University of California, Los Angeles.Currently, he teaches African politics at San Jose State ixUniversity. Dr Harris’ rese... ...ersity’s School of Foreign Service since 1988.Professor Howe specializes on southern African’s political andstrategic affairs and has travelled extens...

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...It is not generally known that Sub Saharan Africa has a long tradition of successful counter-terrorism operations. During the 1950's to 1989 many counter-terrorism operations took place in Colonial Kenya, Rhodesia and Apartheid South Africa. It is historical fact that the Security Forces almost ...

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...e line and regain control. Historically this happened in the First World War when Lloyd George, the English Prime Minister, starved the Western Front of men deliberately. He saved millions of soldiers by doing so. Of course it is all politics and the blame game. No President wants to be known not to support the Military and be open for attacks as being weak. On the other h...

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... then please purchase your own copy. Thank you for respecting the hardwork of this author.If the foundations are destroyed, what can the righteous do?... ...estroyed, what can the righteous do?” Psalm 11:3INDEXSpecific meaning of wordsChapter 1 The way it isA religious war?Chapter 2 Message to my read... ...kersInformants & SourcesSpymastersStation ChiefThe most important function of an agency is not espionageCommunication is kingWhat is the difference be... ... my books but it is equally applicable on the improved specietoo.SAP means South African Police and the National Police Force of Apartheid South Afric... ...rce of Apartheid South Africa between1913 and 1994. It was replaced by the South African Police Service (SAPS) and of a para-militarynature with milit... ...ian orientation. Ithad 150 000 heavily armed men and women spread all over South Africa during Apartheid.Security Branch or Security Police means the ... ...s not limited to religious principles but alsoto the left and right of the politics of the day. It is my contention that all terrorism is despicable a... ...ght of societyfor I am not. You could not be more wrong to do so.As far as politics go I have no heroes and hold all politicians in equal contempt whi... ...diocy. Even thisone on terrorism is because some people decided to play at politics instead of preaching the truefaith.Despite my frequently stated sc...

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...Τhe connection between the energy policies of various countries with the wars that break out at various parts of the world, i.e. at the Middle East and North Africa etc...

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...rgy & Terrorism Part 9 Iakovos Alhadeff Table of Contents Introduction The 2 Faces of the Tal... ...of the Taliban The New Great Game Germany‘s Role in the Rise of Lenin and the Russian CommunismThe Afghan Oil Pipeline an... ...han Oil Pipeline and the US-Taliban Negotiations The Geopolitics of ISIS Is the Reconciliation Between Turkey and Israel Viabel? Drug Tr... ... Iran, withpurple the Uzbeks, who also often cooperate with Iran, and at the south withblue the Baloch. The Baloch would like to see an independent Ba... ... Afghanistan are located on the north whereas thePakistani allies are on the south of Afghanistan.Map of Afghanistanhttp://www.cfr.org/afghanistan/tal... ...ral Asia to go to China or to pass through Iran if it is to flow to Europeor South Asia.Map Iran and Central AsiaTherefore there is this tragic situat... ...o Israel, however, are bound to run up against the limits ofTurkish domestic politics andTurkey‘s regional influence. For example, Ankara hasrepeatedl... ...al gas from shale rock inUnited States in case he was elected. See “American Politics in the Age ofOil”.https://iakal.wordpress.com/2016/02/21/america... ...2016https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/20/barack-obama-cuba-visit-us-politics-shift-public-opinion-diplomacy“Iranian-Sponsored Narco-Terrorism...

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...The present booklet examines two incidents of the Arab Spring. The Arab Spring of Oman and the Arab Spring of Libya. However the emphasis is on the Libyan Arab Spring, and the toppling of the Libyan dictator Muammar Qaddafi in 2011. Qaddafi was a very strongheaded...

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...Iran’s Role in the Arab Spring of Libya Iakovos Alhadeff Table of ContentsThe Arab Spring in ... ...ery good article from the center-left Huffington Post about the ArabSpring of Oman in 2011. See “How the Arab Spring Skirted Oman”,December 2011.Accor... ...tween Iran and Oman also hurts Qatar, because Qatarexports huge quantities of natural gas (LNG) to India. Qatar and Iran arediscussing the possibility... ...ia. Qatar and Iran arediscussing the possibility of jointly exploiting the South Pars/North Fieldsgas field, which lies between the two countries in t... ...us for Qatar than for Iran,because Iran has the geographical advantage.The South Pars/North Fields is the main reason the relations between Qatarand I... ...l stop killingeach other and will cooperate, in order to send gas from the South Pars /North Fields to Turkey and Europe. For that to happen of course... ...ts attacking the French in North Africahave very good relations with Iran, Sudan and Turkey.Remember that the French need the uranium of Niger, Mali a... ...d very problematic relations with the strongest ally ofIran in Africa i.e. Sudan. Qaddafi had supported the Christians and the non-Arab separatists of... ... don't know." Some Qatari officials have indeed exertedinfluence in Libyan politics. During deliberations to choose a new Cabinet in September,a senio...

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...Interagency Fratricide: Policy Failures in the Persian Gulf and Bosnia provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors that affected both interagency processes and policy outcomes during the Persian Gulf War (1990–91) and the early stages of the Bosnia crisis (1993–95). Going one-on-one with members of Washington’s policy eli...

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...T TERMINATION WITHIN A BUREAUCRATIC ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . 3 Interagency Decision Making via Negotiation. . . . . . . . . . 5 The Efficacy of the Policy-Making Process . . 14 Outline of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Implications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2 RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY: INDIVIDUAL A...

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...hin are solely those ofthe author and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States AirForce, the Department of Defense,... ...:18 (KJV) For all who have dedicated their lives to the pursuit of security . . .especially those who have made the ultimate sacrifice.TH... ...ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 The Efficacy of the Policy-Making Process . . . 14 Outline of the... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Allison’s Bureaucratic Politics Approach . . . . 85 US Government Decision M... ... and Findings 6 DYNAMIC THEMES: LEADERSHIP, NEGOTIATION, AND DOMESTIC POLITICS . . . . 169 Leadership . . . . . . . . .... ...on Making as Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Domestic Politics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Int... ..., Troy, Alabama, in 1992. AnF-16 aircraft maintenance officer, she served in Southwest Asiaduring the Persian Gulf War and in Saudi Arabia duringOpera... ...outhwest Asiaduring the Persian Gulf War and in Saudi Arabia duringOperation Southern Watch. A distinguished graduate of both theUS Air Force Squadron... ...ates Central Ameri-can Policy under Carter and Reagan” (Ph.D., University of Southern Califor-nia, 1987); Oscar Nudler, “On Conflicts and Metaphors: T...

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...The analysts were charged with the task of anticipating which specific contentious issues likely will propel large, organized political units to choose violent means of acquiring their sociopolitical objectives rather than attaining them peacefully. The units on wh...

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............................................ii PREFACE....................................................vi HISTORY, CULTURE, AND CHANGE: FOUNDATIONS OF CONFLICTS AND WARS......1 RELIGION-A BANNER FOR TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY CONFLICT............................19 NATIONAL FRAGMENTATION, ETHNICITY, AND THE NEW WORLD ORDER............................32 POPULATION PRESSURES, ...

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... DisclaimerThis publication was produced in the Department of Defense school environment in theinterest of academic freedom and the ad... ... school environment in theinterest of academic freedom and the advancement of national defense-related concepts.The views expressed in this publicatio... ...defense-related concepts.The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not reflect theofficial policy or position of the Dep... ...tes. The US also has offered military support to the governments ofseveral South American countries so they might curtail illicit drug production- ult... ...r previous support of Mozambique, and the curtailment of Soviet support to South 2Africa's African National Congress, which led... ...orld standards. An analogy may be made with reference to the macro datafor South Africa, where the country's entire economy masks the disparate distri... ...urce of conflict will be cultural. ...The principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of civilizations. 33 Accord... ...ccording to Huntington, clashes between civilizations will dominate global politics,and “the fault lines between civilizations will be the battle line... ...y between ideologies. Wherethese conflict sources had characterized global politics as reflections of Westerninfluences, Huntington states that non-We...

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...y Iakovos Alhadeff. All rights reserved. Table of ContentsIntroductionGermany VS France Vs RussiaRussia VS SiberiaPoland i... ....The issue in all the essays is the connection between the energy policies of various countries,their foreign policies, and the wars that break out at... ...tries,their foreign policies, and the wars that break out at various parts of the globe, since all threeare closely related. I describe many economic ... ...nvesting inEngland. Therefore Qatar has significant influence over British politics. See for exampleFinancial Times “UK warned over dependence on Qata... ... 2014.It is true of course that Russia has a lot of influence over British politics too, because the Russianoligarchs heavily invest in England too, a... ...shmilitary action”, του Νοεμβρίου 2015http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/air-strikes-in-syria-jeremy-corbyn-faces-shadow-cabinet-revolt-ove... ...Amongother things, the Falklands allow the English to have claims over the South Ocean andAntarctica, which is the least explored continent on earth. ... ...ntina. The aforementioned islands allow their owner to have claimsover the South Ocean and Antarctica.Picture 3http://www.tylersterritory.com/travel/s... ... with her defense cooperationwith Vietnam, Indonesia, Australia, Japan and South Korea.Map 1 India VS ChinaIndia also has the advantage that she has n...

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...de poetry and images, posing questions and sharing insights on the multifaceted phenomenon that we call ‘migration’, and linking it to wider patterns of social change....

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..."The arrogation of powers to keep people ‘in place’ – from historical regimes of serfdom, to contemporary measures to regulate movement, to modern city forms such as the hukou system in China – all define who is and who is not a migrant in r...

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...Beyond Rules Beyond Contract Keeping Time Representations: Powers and Pitfalls Troubling Bodies Towards Emotion Making Politics Rescaling and Re-placing Routes and Readings...

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...ommons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. Toview a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ or... ...ntre on Migration, Policy and Society (COMPAS) University of Oxford, 58 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 6QS Tel.:... ....ox.ac.uk COMPAS is an ESRC funded research centre based in the School of Anthropology at the University of Oxford The mission of COMPAS... ... in Capetown, 1921Linda McDowell M. J. OlivermAking politiCs resCAling And re-plACingMigration, Su... ...th: Future Pre- The Migration of the Richdictions and Contemporary Politics John UrryAlessio Cangiano Urban... ...ra Lecadet Ferruccio PastoreThe Sunshine and Shadow Politics of Irregular World Wide StreetMigrants in Europe ... ... Michael Keith is Director of COMPAS and holds a PersonalUniversity of the South Pacific. Chair in the Department of Anthropology, ... ...the University Philip Martin is Professor of Agricultural and Resourceof South Wales. Economics at the University of Cali... ...searcher at COMPAS. Aihwa Ong is Professor of Anthropology and Southeast AsianDace Dzenovska is Senior Researcher and Marie Curie Fellow ...

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...The issue of the book is the connection between the energy policies of various countries, their foreign policies, and the wars that break out at various parts of the globe, since all three are closely related....

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...nergy & Terrorism Part 5 Iakovos Alhadeff Table of Contents Introduction Why it is Difficult for the Russia... ... to Increase Oil Prices France and the Arabs Japan VS South Korea EU, Russia and the American Oil ExportsNetanyahu, Hitler a... ...EU, Russia and the American Oil ExportsNetanyahu, Hitler and the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem The PKK Opposes Iraq-Turkey Pipeline Pakistan V... ...akistan VS the Taliban Iran VS Turkmenistan The Energy Needs of United States Is Turkey the New Patron of Turkey? Turkey-... ...ina part of the share currently held by the American companies. See“American Politics in the Age of Oil : The Bernie Sanders Phenomenon”.https://iakal... ...e Bernie Sanders Phenomenon”.https://iakal.wordpress.com/2016/02/21/american-politics-in-the-age-of-oil-the-bernie-sanders-phenomenon/I must also say ... ...ever be neutral on Israel”, September 2013http://www.jpost.com/Diplomacy-and-Politics/Merkel-Germany-will-never-be-neutral-on-Israel-322579“The Iran d... ...w.gatestoneinstitute.org/7442/france-hostility-israel Japan VS South KoreaA very good article from World Tribune about the relations bet... ...aA very good article from World Tribune about the relations between Japanand South Korea, titled “Japan, S. Korea break the ice, agree to addressunres...

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...This volume offers the best assessment we have of General Henry H. “Hap” Arnold as he survived four wartime heart attacks and continued to work tirelessly for proper recognition of airpower. It will also continue my emphasis while Chief of Staff of the US Air Force on enc...

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... . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 PHOTO SECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329 4 SOUTH PACIFIC 16 SEPTEMBER–2 OCTOBER 1942 . . . . . . .345 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 The Diary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Postscript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

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... Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama January 2002Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataArnold, Henry Harley, 1886-1950. ... ...-Publication DataArnold, Henry Harley, 1886-1950. American airpower comes of age : General Henry H. “Hap” Arnold’s World War II diaries; Vol. 1 / edi... ...n are solely those ofthe editor and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States AirForce, the Department of Defense, o... ... PHOTO SECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 4 SOUTH PACIFIC 16 SEPTEMBER–2 OCTOBER 1942 . . . . . . . ... ...l assignment was a three-week tour with twoother officers over much of the South and Midwest, choosingsites and signing leases for new training facili... ... of Consolidated Aircraft Company.Hap spent most of the week’s crossing to Southampton in hisbunk and, to his dismay, was carried from the vessel in a... ..., now replaced by maturity and a morerealistic appreciation of the ways of politics and bureaucra-cies. He had been successful in not becoming a casua... ... parochial,jealous, and unresponsive.267 Arnold, although not oblivious to politics or bureaucratic in-fighting, attempted to concentrate on his prima... ...chieving and maintaining Air Corps readiness for com-bat, leaving national politics external to the War Departmentto others. Maintaining this attitude...

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...Libya is the richest African country in oil reserves and one of the richest in the world. The following seven chapters are independent essays that were written on different dates, and therefore you should not expect some kind of connection between the chapters. On the other hand all ch...

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...r for the Oil of Libya 1955-2015 Iakovos Alhadeff Table of Contents Introduction The Arab Spring in Libya Li... ... Wesley Clack and Libya France VS Qaddafi The Rebellion of the Tuareg in 2012The Black Market for Nuclear Weapons ... ... IntroductionLibya is the richest African country in oil reserves and one of the richest inthe world. The following seven chapters are independent es... ...sia’s playground, which is not the case withNorth Africa. The countries of Southern Europe import most of their energyfrom North Africa, and the count... ... armscustomer.‎Paris‘‎interest‎in‎intervening‎is‎also‎about‎intra-European politics. Paris hasbeen the most vociferous supporter of the Libya interven... ...al authority.Tripolitania and Cyrenaica were mostly operating on the north-south axisand not on the west-east axis i.e. the emphasis was not on commun... ...ssassination attempts, against pro-Western leaders in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Chad, Zaire, Tunisia.Moreover, as you can read at the same article, ... ...mpts‎ to‎ develop‎ weapons‎ of‎mass destruction.http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/jan/23/-sp-blair-gaddafi-letter-thanks-spy-cooperation-libya-... ...o attack Libya. It was the time thatBerluskoni and Putin had agreed on the South Stream Pipeline, and theItalian ENI would get a larges take in this p...

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... a force structure that includes strike and transport aircraft specialized for the region, an Air Force organization tailored to the peculiar demands of the continent, and specialized cultural training for Airmen. Spaven concludes that “only by accepting the risk of stepping beyond tactical and operational thinking can the Air Force do great things for the poorest of conti...

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...1 THE GEOGRAPHY OF AFRICA . . . . . . . . . . 1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 2 AIRPOWER IN AFRICA: LESSONS FROM THE PAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

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... Air Force Research InstituteJohn A. Shaud, Gen, PhD, USAF, Retired, DirectorSchool of Advanced Air and Space Studies Gerald S. Gorman, Col, PhD... ...Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of theauthor and do not necessarily represent the views of Air... ...arily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force,the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for pub... ...m the United States JointForces Command was another source of strategic insight. FromUS Southern Command, Maj Patrick Weeks, Maj John Manning,and Lt C... ...Egypt, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Libya), Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, and Western Sahara • Southern Africa—Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, an... ...oximately nine million square kilometers, nearly athird of the entire continent, to the southern edge of the Sa-hara, where desert gives way to grassl... ...his chapter moves on toconsider African ethnicity and tribalism, language, religion,and politics.Ethnicity and Tribalism Many scholars believe that e... ...is that native religion is not aseparate aspect of life but rather along with “culture, politics,and society [it was] part of a seamless whole and no ... ...le constructs of the state, civil society, and externalinfluences to understand African politics.30 States are the embodiment of a country. They incl...

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...entieth-century argument between air and ground proponents has changed significantly since the Gulf War, and it comes down to the relative importance of the ground or air in the mix. It is more than just using air as a supporting component to the ground forces—if this is true, current force organization and employment is adequate. However, if the air predominates in comba...

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... Wills the Future of Warfare An Alternative View ... ...e View Thank you for your assistance.COLLEGE OF AEROSPACE DOCTRINE, RESEARCH AND EDUCATION AIR UNIVERSITY Ai... ...DUCATION AIR UNIVERSITY Airpower, Afghanistan, and the Future of Warfare An Alternative View Craig D. Wills Li... ...ce-ment of the “no-fly zones” over Iraq, known as Operations North-ern and Southern Watch, during the 1990s—as well as the warsin Bosnia, Operation Al... ...forcement of the “no-fly zones” over Iraq, knownas Operations Northern and Southern Watch, during the1990s—as well as the wars in Bosnia, Operation Al... ...hanistan, and Serbia demonstrate. Opera-tions Deny Flight and Northern and Southern Watch enabledthe United States to deter unfriendly states at fract... ...PGMs are no substitute for strategy. In the end Clausewitzis right—war and politics are inseparable. Because airpower offersleaders options with reduc... ... toachieve long-term political objectives. Clausewitz’s notion thatwar and politics are inseparable is especially true in unconven-tional warfare. Uti... ...them wrong—the model is valuable and repeatable. Itwas because of alliance politics that the military chose to usethe new model in Iraq, and after two...

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...Colonel Hesterman's analysis of this subject is accurate and timely. She provides a fresh look at the criminal/terrorist nexus and by examining corporate trends, provides unique insights into funding aspects of both activities. This important subject mat...

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...ty as a bombardment instructor, Walker became the epitome of the strategic thinkers at the school ... ...rategic thinkers at the school and coined the revolutionary airpower “creed of the bomber.” “A well-planned, well-... ...heeler Field, Hawaii. Walker returned to the UnitedStates in January 1941, as assistant chief of the Plans Division for the chiefof the Air Corps in W... ...risesimpacting the United States are groups organized by criminalspredominantly from East and Southeast Asia, including mem-bers of Chinese, Korean, J... ...lenterprises are now emerging as domestic and internationalthreats, including groups from the South Pacific Island nationsas well as organizations fro... ...y, regional powers have recog-nized these emerging threats; in January 2004, an Associationof South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) meeting was held to dis... ...ug groups are linked in thismutually beneficial relationship by money, tactics, geography,and politics. Drug traffickers and terrorists use similar me... ...proval, Middle East expertssay. Experts say Hezbollah is also an important player inLebanon’s politics, a key vehicle of Lebanese Shiite empower-ment,... ...elysuicides”—rather than martyrs—because they killed innocentcivilians.Hezbollah is active in politics and has 12 seats in Lebanon’s128-member parliam...