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...abilities, importance of sources, pignistic probability transformation, Qualitative reasoning under uncertainty, Imprecise belief structures, 2-Tuple linguistic label, Electre TriMethod, hierarchical proportional redistribution, basic belief assignment, subjective probability measure, neutrosophic logic, Evidence theory, outranking methods, Dempster-Shafer Theory, Bayes fu...

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...n, Qualitative reasoningunder uncertainty, Imprecise belief structures, 2-Tuple linguistic label, Electre TriMethod, hierarchical proportional redistr... ..., pp. 217, 1997. [2] Chatzis V., Pitas I., A generalized fuzzy mathematical morphology and its application in robust 2-D and 3-D object repres... ... Applications (ICIEA), pp 1822-1826, 2012.13. 2012 - An overview on the 2-tuple linguistic model for computing with words in decision making: Extensi... ... V11-401 - V11-404, 2010. 23. 2010 - Fusion of qualitative beliefs based on linguistic labels , J. Gao, W. Lian, J. Yan, 2nd Int. Conf. On Sign... ...9.6. 2009 - Qualitative reasoning by computing with words in Herrera-Martínez’s linguistic model, X. Li, X. Dai, Journal of Electronics (China), Vol.... ... Qualitative reasoning under uncertainty, Imprecise beliefstructures, 2-Tuple linguistic label, Electre Tri Method, hierarchicalproportional r...

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...T for the fusion of beliefs . . . . . . . 278 8.2.1 Basic belief mass . . . . . . . . 278 8.2.2 Fusion of quantitative beliefs . . . . . . 278 8.3 Linguistic models of qualitative beliefs . . . . . . 280 8.3.1 The 1-tuple linguistic model . . . . . . 280 8.3.2 The 1-tuple linguistic enriched model . . . . 281 8.3.3 The precise 2-tuple linguistic model . . . . . 282 ...

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... quantitative beliefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 8.3 Linguistic models of qualitative beliefs . . . . . .... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 8.3.1 The 1-tuple linguistic model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 8.3.2 The 1-tuple linguistic enriched model . . . . . . . . . . 281... ... . . . . . . . . . . 281 8.3.3 The precise 2-tuple linguistic model . . . . . . . . . . . 282 ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . 282 8.3.4 The imprecise 2-tuple linguistic model . . . . . . . . . . 284 8.4 ... ... criterion is broken down intothree basic-level criteria corresponding to morphology (C[121]), history (C[122]) andSnow-climatology (C[... ...ding to existing facilities or infrastructures in the studied area; • Morphology (C[121]): this quantitative criterion is evaluated acco... ... level criteria related to the hazard evaluation in a DST mappingmodel for the morphology criterion C[121] (Fig. 23.52), the history criterio...

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...and would have just been a useless “organ,” if it could not have linked up to pre-existing thought systems.” —NOAM CHOMSKY, Professor Emeritus of Linguistics, MIT “Boston University’s Andrey Vyshedskiy brings a neuroscientist’s perspective to the discussion of human mental history in On the Origin of the Human Mind.” —Scientific American Mind (July 2009) “I fo...

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...g of human uniqueness, it is very difficult to meaningfully discuss either the genetic evolution of the human brain, or the relevant changes in brain morphology, or even the driving forces behind the evolution of human intelligence. Over two decades ago, when the question of human uniqueness was first presented to me by a colleague, it occurred to me that I should look ...

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...re-existing thought systems.” —NOAM CHOMSKY, Professor Emeritus of Linguistics, MIT“Boston University’s Andrey Vyshedskiy brings a neuro... ...ofessor Emeritus of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Professor Emeritus of Linguistics at Yale University, co-author of ... ... a sweeping scope and a grand vision. It incorporates insightsfrom neuroscience, linguistics and paleoanthropology, which can only beachieved by someo... ...either the genetic evolution of thehuman brain, or the relevant changes in brain morphology, or even thedriving forces behind the evolution of human i... ...y group of humans.Noam Chomsky, the distinguished linguist at MIT, suggests that linguisticability manifests itself without being purposefully taught,... ...hesis4.4 Representational art Now let’s shift gears from the realm of verbal linguistic expressionof mental synthesis, to the realm of creativity ... ...uring the Lower Paleolithic period about2.4 million years ago. In appearance and morphology, Homo habilis wasshort and had disproportionately long arm... ... than half the size of that of modern humans(about 630cm³). Despite the ape-like morphology of their bodies, theremains of Homo habilis are often acco... ...quisition of mental synthesis by Homo sapiens. Thus, phonology and tosome degree morphology of the communication system was alreadydeveloped in Homo s...

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...e and Non-existence 66 19. Philosophy and Religion 69 3. About Words 83 1. Meaning 83 2. Traditional Distinctions 89 3. Logic and Linguistics 97 4. Dialogue 104 5. Poles of Duality 106 4. About Formal Logic 111 1. Form and Content 111 2. Singular Subject 113 3. Special Forms 116 4. Fuzzy Logic 117 5. Added Determinants 11...

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...ions ............................................... 89 3. Logic and Linguistics...................................................97 4. D... ...istents come and to which finished existents go! Thesepeople are misled by linguistic habit into a reification of theword ‘non-existence’.Whatever pos... ...one mode,and later switch to the other, according to need.3. Logic and LinguisticsLogic and linguistics overlap to some extent; but they are notco... ... areconsiderably different studies, though they have interests incommon. Linguistics studies statements as words, sentencesand texts, with little in... ...s object. Forgrammarians, this observation is mainly about use ofpronouns (morphology of words) and sentence structure(rules of syntax)21.They may poi... ...rder of words in a sentence, ina given language, is an empirical given for linguistics. Somevariations in wording and order may be permitted within th... ... in the process of trying to ‘fit-in’ the empirical data into this or that morphology (i.e. m, n,p, q, etc.).The proposition is our (working) hypothes...

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...hing English Block-II”, 30).American linguist Noam Chomsky has proved that linguistics is a branchof cognitive psychology. Chomsky gives importance to... ...istics is a branchof cognitive psychology. Chomsky gives importance to the linguisticcompetence of the native speaker.To Chomsky, view of language as ... ...ns ofstructures, Chomsky proposed in ‘Aspect of the Theory of syntax’ that“linguistics should develop the rules which would account for thesestructure... ... the rules which would account for thesestructures. These rules constitute linguistic competence, which is theunconscious knowledge of the ‘ideal spea... ...ce, and theconstitutive role of socio-cultural features” (“Introduction to Linguistics,Block-V”, 4).While answering to linguistic competence Hymes str... ...cludes the concepts of knowledge of lexicalitems, and ‘… rules of morphology, syntax, sentence-grammarsemantics, and phonology’. Strat... ...t advocates linguistic syllabus, which contains thekey items of phonology, morphology and syntax of the languagearranged according to their order of p...

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...ds that 215. To impoverish thine lions unto 216. Linguistic carcasses unto bones to 217. Upon an Abode of a Lio... .... Naked Ostracised Of The Diktats Reproached In 36. The Educated And The Linguistics Once Forth 37. Communicated Conveyance Of The Mystique 38. ... ... Transformed Ardent Semblance; 310. Of Wandering Herdsmen In Of The Linguistics 311. Swain Stalked Lions Of Guile Amorous In Of The 31... ...ng Breathless, Wanderest The Flung Prayed 360. Damsels The Ruins Of Linguistics And Language Canto CCXIV 361. But Thus Of Solitary L... ...ogeography, 932. Paleontology, Embryology - 933. Morphology; THE DEGRADATION 934. OF HUMANITY CIVILIZATION. ... ...dagogic Musics in the Earthen-Worlds of the Root- 14. Origin of Language-Linguistics In wandering the wildernesses of exiles of bestial animalia 1... ...erogeneous heteroglossias of 371. linguistic languages Of phonology-morphology Of ancient language origins 372. Etymologic god machines ... ... root- 18. origins of diexegetic god Generic cyclization of subjectivism morphology polygenesis 19. Illuminations of the Pyramid The Obeliskal Pil... ...omaly Forms of narratologic logic subordinations Heterogeneity 103. Morphology Translation of inscriptions Spatial-Temporal Phylogeny-Physiogno...

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... Although some have tried, such Ferdinand deSaussure in The Course in General Linguistics (1915), M. H. Abrams in The Mirrorand the Lamp (1953), R. S.... ... methodology regarding the mutation ofµn evolves from Ferdinand de Saussure’s linguistic circuit. In his The Course inGeneral Linguistics (1915), he m... ...elativity based on three distinct axioms: the interlocutor’s speech circuit, “linguisticcircuit,” the interpretation’s relationship “critical orientat... ...ON, AND SIGNAL (X1, X2, X3) We begin defining the X axis by recreating the linguistic model of Saussure(see figure 6). His mapping of the speech ci... ...ssions, and theencoding and decoding process of a message in medium. Second, “LinguisticStructure: Its Place Among the Facts of Language” provides a t... ...onic) axes relationship, plotting signification ofmeaning13. Vladimir Propp’s Morphology of the Folktale (1928) explores thedifferent genres of folkta... ...rends. Ed. David Richter, New York: St. Martin’s P, 1989.Propp, Vladimir. “Morphology of the Folktale.” Contemporary Literary Criticism: Moderni...

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... cater to the heterogeneous tertiary levelstudent population (the range of linguistic competence in extremelyvaried, since students from both English ... ...rners. The patterning of the course is such thatstudent depending on their linguistic competence at the time ofadmission, would not only begin their g... ... not only learn how to compose andcomprehend correct sentences as isolated linguistic units of randomoccurrence; we also learn how to use sentences ap... ...iteria. Many theorists conducted research inthis field by applying socio – linguistic principles. The concept of‘communicative competence’ put forth b... ...out four components of communication.They are grammatical, socio linguistic, discourse and strategiccompetence.McDonald and Christoph... ...y text book compilers tried to codify foreign language into frozenrules of morphology and syntax. They provided explanations along withrules and learn... ...ard and Rogers 46).Audio-lingual syllabus contains key terms in phonology, morphology andsyntax of language. Dialogue and drill practice are the basic...

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... a solution obtained with VIKOR method using plithogenic sets. They define linguistic termsfor assessing the weights of criteria and the classificatio... ...iteria and the classification terms, as in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. Linguistic expressions The plithogenic number of all ... ...antic expressions for the significance weights of criteria. Source [15]. Linguistic expressions Plithogenic number (T, I, F) ... ...) Very Good (VG) (0.95, 0.05, 0.05) Table 2: Linguistic expressions for rendering classification of substitutions. Sourc... ... ̃ki are their equivalent plithogenic numbers.from the linguistic terms in Table 1 and X Then, the algorithm to calculate the bes... ...eye, through the meticulous and priority study of theexternal and internal morphology, managing to combine both, to obtain enough knowledge when treat... ... Premolars are in dark color. Source: Internet. Figure 2 shows the dental morphology of the upper first premolar. Figure 2: Dental morphology of the... ...anish). 2014, Barcelona: Elsevier masson.3. Vertucci, F.J., Root canal morphology and its relationship to endodontic procedures. Endodontic topics... ... J.I. Pastore, M. Brun, and V.L. Ballarin, Compensatory fuzzy mathematical morphology. Signal, Image and Video Processing, 2017. 11(6): p. 1065...

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...3. S. Broumi, F. Smarandache. Single valued neutrosophic trapezoid linguistic aggregation operators based multi-attribute ... ...ultiple attribute decision making based on interval neutrosophic uncertain linguistic variables. Neutrosophic Sets and Systems,Vol... ...ted an extended GRA technique forMADM problems under interval neutrosophic uncertain linguistic settingwhere the information about attribute weights i... ...l. 2016b) have defined Euclidean distance between twointerval neutrosophic uncertain linguistic variables. The same authors(Dey et al. 2016c) have pre... ...sed multiple attribute decision making in interval neutrosophic uncertain linguistic setting. Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 11, ... ... Hewayda ElGhawalby, Eman Marzouk. Neutrosophic Mathematical Morphology (Submitted) A. A. Salama, F. Smarandache, Neutr... .... Supervisors: A. A. Salama, I.M. Hanafy Neutrosophic Mathematical Morphology. Researcher: Eman Marzouk. Supe...

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...awalby, A.A.Salama, S.A.El-Hafeez Foundation for Neutrosophic Mathematical Morphology .................................................................. ...the score andaccuracy function, hybrid-score-accuracy function of SVNNs and linguistic variables under single-10 New Tre... ...ver, theyare appreciated for their interpretability, because they provide a linguistic description of therelations between descriptions of the cases a... ...ed multiple attribute decision making in interval neutrosophic uncertain linguistic setting, Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 11 (2016) 21-30.46. P.P... ...multiple attribute decision making based on interval neutrosophic uncertain linguistic variables.In neutrosophic hybrid environment, Pramanik et al. [... ... logic, American Research Press, Rehoboth, 1998. 9. F. Smarandache. Linguistic paradoxes and tautologies. Libertas Mathematica, University of ... ....com, samyabdelhafeez@yahoo.com Foundation for Neutrosophic Mathematical MorphologyAbstract The aim of this paper is to introduce a new approach t... ...tract The aim of this paper is to introduce a new approach to Mathematical Morphology based onneutrosophic set theory. Basic definitions for neutroso... ...ogical operations inherit properties and restrictions of Fuzzy Mathematical Morphology.Keywords Crisp sets operations, fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets,...

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...7 Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache Single Valued Neutrosophic Trapezoid Linguistic Aggregation Operators Based Multi-Attribute Decision Makin... ...Abdul Wahab, Florentin Smarandache, Salma Khan, Sayed Inayat Ali Shah Some Linguistic Neutrosophic Cubic Mean Operators and Entropy with Applicatio... ...Mumtaz Ali, Florentin Smarandache, Mohamed Abdel- Basset, Hoang Viet Long Linguistic Approaches to Interval Complex Neutrosophic Sets in Decision ... ...id Broumi, Florentin Smarandache (2014). Single Valued Neutrosophic Trapezoid Linguistic Aggregation Operators Based Multi-Attribute Decision Maki... ...b, Florentin Smarandache, Salma Khan, Sayed Inayat Ali Shah (2018). Some Linguistic Neutrosophic Cubic Mean Operators and Entropy with ... ...sifies pixels as vessel and non-vessel pixels. Dash et al. presented a morphology-based algorithm to segment retinal ...

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...PLASMA SCIENCE, VOL. PS-14, NO. 6, DECEMBER 1986; [9a] W.H. Bostick. The Morphology of the Electron. International Journal of Fusion Energy, ... ...rs; Intuition; Mathematics; Right-Left Brain; Logico Philosophico; Cognitive Linguistics Analysis; Neutrosophic Logic; Philosophical-Theological V... ...t isthe analysis on Logico Philosophico of Wittgenstein and Lakoff ’sCognitive Linguistic Theory to shed light on the issues.Literature analysis ... ...ntor sets, or non-Diophantine arithmetics.Philosophy of language and cognitive linguistic theory In 1918, the Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenste... ...osophy of language fromWittgenstein as backbone. The spread of the Cognitive Linguistics theory shows dynamicenergy that contributes to various fram... ...ing a naturallanguage. This theory explores the meaning side of language. Thus,linguistic form and later symbols in their various forms become thefocu... ...B radiation applied to the two species initiated changes in leaf and plant morphology. It was an abatement of plant tallness, new mass of leaves, ...

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...65-172. [27] J. Ye. Some aggregation operators of interval neutrosophic linguistic numbers for multiple attribute decision making, Jour... ...[45] S. Broumi, F. Smarandache, Single valued neutrosophic trapezoid linguistic aggregation operators based multi-attribute decision making, ... ...m of this pilot study is to find a would be useful for NLP specialists, linguistics, journalists, procedure to diminish the uncertainties from ... ...eveal not only the null Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), votes, blind votes, but also not participating... ... the Association for Computational Linguistics: 57-64. [6] ... ...Gaussian Distribution, Logarithmic Transform, Neutrosophic Crisp Mathematical Morphology1. Introduction As a discipline, neutrosophic is an active a... ...wayda ElGhawalby, A.A. Salama, S.A.El-Hafeez: Neutrosophic Crisp Mathematical Morphology,Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 16 (2017), pp. 57-69.[18]... ...satility and identification specificity.bandpass filter, constant for selecting morphology threshold, the Chen et al. [38] suggested an interacti...

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... Attribute Decision Making based on Interval Neutrosophic Uncertain Linguistic Variables / 503 Kalyan Mondal, Surapati Pramanik, Florent... ..., Non-Linear Decision Making Problems, Interval Neutrosophic Linguistic, Multiple Attribute Decision Making, Maximizing Deviati... ...Attribute Decision Making based on Interval Neutrosophic Uncertain Linguistic Variables. Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 8, 22-31 ... ...SMA SCIENCE, VOL. PS-14, NO. 6, DECEMBER 1986; [9a] W.H. Bostick. The Morphology of the Electron. International Journal of Fusion Energy, ... ...f, B. A border approximation area approach considering bipolar neutrosophic linguistic variable for sustainable energy selection. Sustainability 202... ...matics and beyond, McGilchrist's concept and Conceptual Linguistics theory can shed light.[2][4] From Neutrosophic ... ...,VOL. PS-14, NO. 6, DECEMBER 1986; [17a] W.H. Bostick. The Morphology of the Electron. International Journal of Fusion ...

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...EUTROSOPHIC d-IDEAL OF NEUTROSOPHIC d-ALGEBRA………………………………………………………………………………………..….246N. Gayathri and M. Helen, Linguistic Neutrosophic Topology…………………... ... have a significant effect on the anisotropic shear strength of joints [9-13]. To describe the complex joint morphology, it is necessary to effectiv... ...ure. Chengdu University of Technology 2003.25. Ye, J.; Fang, Z.B.; Cui, W.H. Vector Similarity Measures of Q-Linguistic Neutrosophic Variable Sets a... ... (A5) Fig 2. Six alternatives. Table 2. SVNNS Linguistics terms SV... ...utrosophic probability, set and logic, American Res,” Press. Rehoboth, USA, 1998.[11] F. Smarandache, “Linguistic paradoxes and tautologies,” ... ...perations based Pythagorean fuzzy aggregation operators and its application toMAGDM, Qiyas et al. [31] defined linguistic picture fuzzy aggregation op...

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... and Hai-Long YangMultiple Attribute Group Decision-Making Method Based on Linguistic Neutrosophic Numbers,by Zebo Fang and Jun YeSolving Solar-Wind P... ...assifies pixels as vesseland non-vessel pixels. Dash et al. presented a morphology-based algorithm to segment retinalSymmetry 2017, 9, 235; do... ... i l The fluctuation trends of a stock market can be expressed by a linguistic set L = {l1, l2, l3} ={down, equal, up}. The element ... ...tationof the fluctuations, G(t)(t = 2, 3, . . . , T) can be fuzzified into a linguistic set {down, equal, up}.Let len be the whole mean of all elements ... ... 2017, 76, 12–20. [CrossRef]12. Efendi, R.; Ismail, Z.; Deris, M.M. A new linguistic out-sample approach of fuzzy time series for daily forecasting... ..., E.; Verdegay, J.L. A model of consensus in group decision making under linguistic assessments. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 1996, 79, 73–87. [CrossRef]44. Ch...

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...t- 57I. Arokiarani, R. Dhavaseelan, S. Jafari, M. Parimala. ical Morphology .........………………………………….On Some New Notions and Functions in Neut... ...e separation measure be- Profiles of product a , is expressed using the linguistic scale j ... ...d as follows: expressed S, vk ∈ S where S = {s1, … , sg} is the linguistic 𝑖 1 term set for evaluating the ... ...�) Then, are stored in a database. j In this paper linguistic variables[14] are represented using single valued neutrosophic ... ...𝑎2, 𝑎3, 𝑎4,, 𝑎5} References Attributes are evaluated in the linguistic scale show in Table 1 and stored in the database. ... ... recomendación grupales: Una nueva perspectiva en Linguistic terms SVNSs sistemas de destinos turíst... ... University of New Mexico Neutrosophic Crisp Mathematical Morphology Eman.M.El-Nakeeb,1,a Hewayda ElGhawalby,1,b A.A... ...hat and the neutrosophic crisp Bot- call "Neutrosophic Crisp Mathematical Morphology". Sever- tom-hat filters. al operators are to be develope... ...gical Keywords: Neutrosophic Crisp Set, Neutrosophic Sets, Mathematical Morphology, Filter Mathematical Morphology. 1 Introduction ...

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...hich employed the fuzzy or intuitionistic fuzzynumbers directly or through linguistic variables to represent the ratings andweights associated with th... ...ultiple attribute group decisionmaking based on single valued neutrosophic linguistic numbers, Journal of Intelligent andFuzzy Systems, 28(1) (2015) 2... ....， Zhang, H. Y.， Chen, X. H.， & Wang, J. Q. (2016).Simplified neutrosophic linguistic normalized weighted Bonferroni mean operator and itsapplication ... ...h Ditransitive Verbs in FormalSemantics, Journal of Logic, Mathematics and Linguistics in Applied Sciences, Vol 1,No 1, 2016. [34] Topal, S. and Smar... ...yda ElGhawalby, A.A. Salama, S.A.El-Hafeez:Neutrosophic Crisp Mathematical Morphology, Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 16(2017), pp. 57-69. doi.or... ... studied interval neutrosophichesitant set in [15], neutrosophic uncertain linguistic number in [16], some powergeneralized aggregation operators base...

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...nt Fuzzy Neutrosophic Soft Matrix……..….591 N. Gayathri and Dr. M. Helen, Types of Semi Continuous functions in Linguistic Neutrosophic Topological Spa... ... Congestion [89] 2015 China Rough set tree Accident morphology diagnoses [90] 2015 ... ... Accident factor analysis [92] 2016 China Rough set decision tree Accident morphology analysis [93] 2016 ... ...edicting urban traffic congestion based on the soft fuzzy rough set. In Gang(2015) proposed a traffic accident morphology diagnostic model based on a ... ...vel [45] 2010 Vague set theory road safety evaluation [33] 2014 Linguistic variable in interval type-2 ... ... 2019 Double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy Assessment of traffic congestion linguistic -ORESTE method [53] ... ...driving path length of vehicles. Wang (2019) developed the DHHFL-ORESTEmethod (double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic ORESTE method) to evaluate t... ...mex.2020.101136 [33] Zamri, N., & Abdullah, L. (2014). Ranking of causes lead to road accidents using a new linguistic variable in interval t... ... 44 [92] Gang Tao, Huansheng Song, Jun Liu, Jiao Zou & Yanxiang Chen (2016) A traffic accident morphology diagnostic model based...