...STANTINOPLE TURKEY This Thesis is accompanied by a Translation from the Greek of the First Book of the "Pyrrhonic Sketches" by Sextus Empiricus... ...LEXANDRA STREET PREFACE The following treatise on Sextus Empiricus and Greek Scepticism has been prepared to supply a need much felt in the Eng... ... prepared to supply a need much felt in the English language by students of Greek philosophy. For while other schools of Greek philosophy have been ... ...ena. For example, the Pythagoreans explain the distance of the planets by a musical proportion. II. From many equally plausible reasons which might ... ...istributed in trees, and the breath in the flute and syrinx, and in similar instruments; for it is possible that the apple also has only one quality...

...The following treatise on Sextus Empiricus and Greek Scepticism has been prepared to supply a need much felt in the English language by students of Greek philosophy. For while other schools of Greek philosophy have been exhaustively and critically discussed by English sch...

...e subjects investigated. Before beginning a critical study of the writings of Sextus Empiricus, and the light which they throw on the development of Greek Scepticism, it is necessary to make ourselves somewhat familiar with the environment in which he lived and wrote. We shall thus be able to comprehend more fully the standpoint from which he regarded philosophical questi...

...honism and the Academy. Strength and weakness of Pyrrhonism.. 81 -- The First Book Of The Pyrrhonic Sketches By Sextus Empiricus, Translated From The Greek. 101 --...

...rnment. Politics corrupt and subvert Man's good and noble nature. Governments are instruments of self-enrichment and self-aggrandizement, and the ... ...res of authority and the ruling classes are bound to abuse their remit and use the instruments of government to further and enforce their own inter... ...porates a dimension of our being which, in principle, can never be tackled with the instruments and the formal logic of science. A compromise was p... ...ber's "Homo Economicus" yielded to communism's supercilious version of the ancient Greeks' "Zoon Politikon". John of Salisbury might as well have b... ...uthanasia are, indeed, motivated by (some say: misplaced) mercy. Not so others. In Greek, "eu" means both "well" and "easy" and "Thanatos" is death... ...euthanasia are, indeed, motivated by (some say: misplaced) mercy. Not so others. In Greek, "eu" means both "well" and "easy" and "Thanatos" is deat... ...ists (like musicians) - often describe their interpretation of an artwork (e.g., a musical piece) in terms of this type of intuition. Many mathemat... ...nt individualism play an important socio-cultural role in this semipternal game of musical chairs. Many products have a limited shelf life or an ex... ...e or envy - not all stereotypes are negative. Blacks are supposed to have superior musical and athletic skills. Jews are thought to be brainier in ...

...e anonymity of the masses. 36 Otherwise, let’s take the example of a musical instrument: a violin, a standup bass or an entire orchestra. Some... ... a melody or a symphony. If we want to, we can imagine our lives like a musical instrument that has four strings: the body, the psyche, the I Per... ... or bronze and creates works of art. Or an artist can be someone who has a musical instrument, such as a violin, a trumpet or a guitar and is capabl... ...a new way of living art: art applied to life and not just to paintings and instruments. No longer are religion, art, philosophy and science separa... ...irst concept. Ens a se. This is a Latin phrase that translates Aristotle’s Greek ideas. “Ens a se” means that it is a being that is derived from its... ...esis of the opposites within him and that set him apart from all the other Greek heroes? How much pain did he have to go through so he could transfo... ...mbrane, manages to find a way to penetrate the egg and fertilize it. The Greek army was also decimated during their long war against the Trojans, a...

...nce upon subsequent thought. They lay down a prin- ciple which governs all Greek thought about human life, viz. that it is only intelligible when view... ...intelligible when viewed as directed towards some end or good. This is the Greek way of expressing that all human life involves an ideal element—somet... ...t is not yet and which under certain conditions it is to be. In that sense Greek Moral Philosophy is essentially idealistic. Further it is always assu... ..., and of these we choose some with a view to others (wealth, for instance, musical instruments, and, in general, all instruments), it is clear that al... ... these we choose some with a view to others (wealth, for instance, musical instruments, and, in general, all instruments), it is clear that all are no... ...noble actions: for friends, money, and political influence are in a manner instruments whereby many things are done: some things there are again a def... ... cases rests with us). And the object of search is sometimes the necessary instruments, some- times the method of using them; and similarly in the res... ...terms before quoted respectively to those who are excessively pleased with musical tunes or acting, or to those who take such pleasure as they ought. ... ...cord with Virtue and is annoyed at those which spring from Vice, just as a musical man is pleased with beautiful music and annoyed by bad. And besides...

...re we venture to receive it as offered in good faith and loyalty. Even the Greeks are nearly in the same [Greek text], when they wish to speak of reli... ...erious praise. Some circuitous form, commending the correctness of a man, [Greek text], in respect of divine things, becomes requisite; for all the di... ...ing the religious tem- per, are preoccupied by a taint of scorn. The word [Greek text], means pious,—not as regards the gods, but as regards the dead;... ...ete individuals. Next, it must have degraded the gods, (and have made them instruments of degradation for man,) that they were, one and all, incarnati... ...selves. It is a separate consideration, that through total defect of cheap instruments for communication, whether personally or in the way of thought,... ...Christian system of involving its own integra- tions, in the same way as a musical chord involves its own successions of sound, and its own resolution... ...ace, to outrun another. The mod- ern Italians have excelled all nations in musical sensibility, and in genius for painting. They have produced far bet... ...d for the poor, considered simply as poor (i.e. as objects of pity, not as instruments of ambition). II. Secondly, as the great aegis of western Chris...

...nd in his writings. And more than any other Platonic work the Sympo sium is Greek both in style and subject, having a beauty ‘as of a statue,’ while ... ... his Dialogues, Plato is emancipated from former philosophies. The genius of Greek art seems to triumph over the traditions of Pythagorean, Eleatic, o... ...there. Some writings hardly admit of a more dis tinct interpretation than a musical composition; and every reader may form his own accompani ment of... ...remarks that personal attachments are inimical to despots. The experience of Greek history con firms the truth of his remark. When Aristophanes decla... ... she has only a dark and doubtful presentiment. Suppose Hephaestus, with his instruments, to come to the pair who are lying side by side and to say to...

...mself into it with enthusiasm, and Latin antiquity was not enough for him. Greek, a study discountenanced by the Church, which looked on it as dangero... ...riendship of Pierre Amy and of the celebrated Guillaume Bude. In fact, the Greek letters of the latter are the best source of information concerning t... ... from his ancestor Esormon, Prince of Achaia, 2139 B.C., who was surnamed (Greek), that is to say the Fortunate and the Well-beloved. A Gascon could n... ...antagruel attending the digestion of his food, they made a thousand pretty instruments and geometrical figures, and did in some measure practise the a... ...the astronomical canons. After this they recreated themselves with singing musically, in four or five parts, or upon a set theme or ground at ran- dom... ...n a set theme or ground at ran- dom, as it best pleased them. In matter of musical instru- ments, he learned to play upon the lute, the virginals, the... ...e mattocks, pickaxes, grubbing-hooks, cab- bies, pruning-knives, and other instruments requisite for herborizing. Being come to their lodging, whilst ... ...had given thanks, he set himself to sing vocally, and play upon harmonious instruments, or oth- erwise passed his time at some pretty sports, made wit... ...her he nor she amongst them but could read, write, sing, play upon several musical instruments, speak five or six several languages, and com- pose in ...

... of Women by John Stuart Mill 9 any more than domestic slavery among the Greeks jarred with their notion of themselves as a free people. The truth i... ...different natures among mankind, free natures, and slave natures; that the Greeks were of a free nature, the barbarian races of Thracians and Asiatics... ...d fathers. The in dependence of women seemed rather less unnatural to the Greeks than to other ancients, on account of the fabulous Amazons (whom the... ... are said to be governed by women? Is it meant that queens choose as their instruments of government, the associates of their personal pleasures? The ... ...of quali fications in other respects, more apt than men in that choice of instruments, which is nearly the most impor tant business of everyone who ... ...n any branch of art, and those of men not following it as a profession. In musical composition, for example, women surely have produced fully as good ... ... a natural gift: and it may be thought surprising that no one of the great musical composers has been a woman. But even this natural gift, to be made ... .... And in those countries the men who are acquainted with the principles of musical composition must be counted by hundreds, or more probably by thousa... ... a few to do right in preference to wrong, by the direction it gave to the instruments of praise and admiration. But the real dependence of morality m...

...omething in me to be credible or intelligible. We, as we read, must become Greeks, Romans, Turks, priest and king, martyr and executioner; must fasten... ...e same character! Observe the sources of our information in respect to the Greek genius. We have the civil history of that people, as Herodotus, Thucy... ... sculpture on the friezes of the Parthenon and the remains of the earliest Greek art. And there are compositions of the same strain to be found in the... ...ns less. Every thing that is his,—his name, his form, his dress, books and instruments,—fancy enhances. Our own thought sounds new and larger from his... ...bulk left out, and the spirit or moral of it contracted 180 Essays into a musical word, or the most cunning stroke of the pencil? But the artist must... ...rt of human character,—a wonderful expression through stone, or canvas, or musical sound, of the deepest and simplest attributes of our nature, and th... ...of nature forward far; Through worlds, and races, and terms, and times Saw musical order, and pairing rhymes. Olympian bards who sung Divine ideas b... .... That discovery is called the Fall of Man. Ever afterwards we suspect our instruments. We have learned that we do not see directly, but mediately, an...

...the morning he had read Theocritus, whom he believed to be the greatest of Greek poets; he had lunched with a merry don and had tasted Zwieback biscui... ...nkled innumerable stars—gods and heroes, vir- gins and brides, to whom the Greeks have given their names. “Life without an ideal—” repeated Mr. Pembro... ... liked, but where anything you did would be transfigured. Like the ancient Greeks, he could even laugh at his holy place and leave it no less holy. He... ...cker blue.” 36 The Longest Journey “Rather! He’s secretary to the college musical soci- ety.” “A. P. Carruthers?” “Yes.” Mr. Dawes seemed offended. H... ...and a listener might know it was a frag- ment of the Tune of tunes. Nobler instruments ac- cepted it, the clarionet protected, the brass encour- aged,...

.... But my wrath still rises, like a towering flame, against all the earthly instruments of this ruin; I am still at times as unresigned as ever to this... ...f it? I could wish we had a theodolite here, and a spirit-level, and other instruments, for settling some impor- tant questions. Yet no: on considerat... ...to the morning air. Kate had now no time to send back her compliments in a musical halloo. The Alcalde missed break- ing his neck on this occasion ver... ...of the T en Thousand. Xenophon affirms that there were ‘many’ women in the Greek army—pollai aesun etairai en tosratenaeazi; and in a late stage of th... ...an honest answer, as his modern successor; or else it refers simply to the Greek form of Christianity professed by the Russian Emperor and Church. *Th... ... nor B is the abiding law: and next it becomes an object by science and by instruments to distin- guish more readily and more certainly between the ca... ...isfortune, like a poor Negro of Koromantyn who is the victim of Obi.* As a Greek word, which it was, the name imported no ill; but for a Roman to say ... ...ble expression of national ven- eration to the deceased, there was a grand musical service, most admirably performed, at the close of which Kant’s mor...

...ossess, and which, more than any other quality, renders them fit to be the instruments of commerce and circulation. The man who wanted to buy salt, fo... ..., or for compensating the wear and tear of his labouring cattle, and other instruments of husbandry. But it must be con- sidered, that the price of an... ... those in the manufactories of the coarser metals, with cheaper and better instruments of trade, 70 The Wealth of Nations as well as with many agreea... ...ern code. The Roman law is perfectly silent with regard to them. I know no Greek or Latin word (I might venture, I believe, to assert that there is no... ..., but their slavery was of a milder kind than that known among the ancient Greeks and Romans, or even in our West Indian colonies. They were supposed ... ...hose times, some countries that were opulent and industrious. Such was the Greek empire as long as it subsisted, and that of the Saracens dur- ing the... ...lly well. But among the Romans there was nothing which corresponded to the musical education of the Greeks. The morals of the Romans, however, both in... ...ours to support that authority, it 633 Adam Smith seems probable that the musical education of the Greeks had no great effect in mending their morals... ...to form those great abilities; for I cannot be induced to believe that the musical education of the Greeks could be of much consequence in forming the...

...y to day without the aid of posterity. In how few words, for instance, the Greeks would have told the story of Abelard and Heloise, making but a sente... ... exert so intimate and genial an influence on nature, as many a god of the Greeks. I should fear the infinite power and inflexible justice of the almi... ...truly strange, and heretical, and un popular. To Christians, no less than Greeks and Jews, it is foolishness and a stumbling block. There are, indeed... ...no doubt that the loftiest written wisdom is either rhymed, or in some way musically measured,—is, in form as well as substance, poetry; and a volume ... ... few hasty lines which at evening record his day’s experience will be more musical and true than his freest but idle fancy could have furnished. Surel... ... on. Instead of the Scythian vastness of the Billerica night, and its wild musical sounds, we were kept awake by the boisterous sport of some Irish la... ...chus, “Pythagoras did not procure for himself a thing of this kind through instruments or the voice, but employing a certain ineffable divinity, and w...

...the highest point to which ancient thinkers ever attained. Plato among the Greeks, like Bacon among the moderns, was the first who conceived a method ... ...as been en thusiastically asserted, and is perhaps gaining ground. Of the Greek authors who at the Renaissance brought a new life into the world Plat... ...s of human society. The one is the soul and the other is the body, and the Greek ideal of the State, as of the individual, is a fair mind in a fair bo... ...lleys, and the various sounds of flutes; pipes, trumpets, and all sorts of instruments: he will bark like a dog, bleat like a sheep, or crow like a c... ...of sorrow? True. And which are the harmonies expressive of sorrow? You are musical, and can tell me. The harmonies which you mean are the mixed or ten... ...plex scales, or the makers of any other many stringed curiously harmonised instruments? Certainly not. But what do you say to flute makers and flute p... ...in this composite use of harmony the flute is worse than all the stringed instruments put together; even the panharmonic music is only an imitation o... ... no nobler training than that, he replied. And therefore, I said, Glaucon, musical training is a more potent instrument than any other, because rhythm... ...n, neither we nor our guardians, whom we have to educate, can ever become musical until we and they know the essential forms, in all their combinatio...

...us much may give us light after what sort of books were prohibited among the Greeks. Areopagitica Milton 8 The Romans also, for many ages trained ... ...l the learning of the Egyp Areopagitica Milton 13 tians, Chaldeans, and Greeks, which could not probably be without reading their books of all so... ...hought it no defilement to insert into Holy Scripture the sentences of three Greek poets, and one of them a tragedian; the question was notwith stand... ...hath not there more anvils and hammers waking, to fashion out the plates and instruments of armed justice in defence of belea guered truth, than ther... ... o’er the accustomed oak. Sweet bird, that shunn’st the noise of folly, Most musical, most melancholy! Thee, chauntress, oft the woods among I woo, to... ...ming is divine Philosophy! Not harsh and crabbed, as dull fools suppose, But musical as is Apollo’s lute, And a perpetual feast of nectared sweets, Wh...

...ife than the poor. The ancient philosophers, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, were a class than which none has been poorer in outward riches, none... ... with Nature herself. I have been as sincere a worshipper of Aurora as the Greeks. I got up early and bathed in the pond; that was a religious exercis... ...it was then that I lived. The student may read Homer or Aeschylus in the Greek without danger of dissipation or luxuriousness, for it implies that h... ...r its eggs. They sang at intervals throughout the night, and were again as musical as ever just before and about dawn. When other birds are still, t... ...nts of yonder star, the breadth of whose disk cannot be appreciated by our instruments? Why Walden 122 should I feel lonely? is not our planet in the... ... to the shore. It was probably greater in the middle. Who knows but if our instruments were delicate enough we might detect an undulation in the crust...

...Greece no more.’ Plato has seized by anticipation the spirit which hung over Greek literature for a thousand years afterwards. Y et doubtless there we... ...he truth. To understand him, we must make abstraction of morality and of the Greek man ner of regarding the relation of the sexes. In this, as in his... ...ulative as well as a literary interest. And in Plato, more than in any other Greek writer, the local and transitory is inextricably blended with what ... ...d this name from the character of your strains, or because the Melians are a musical race, help, O help me in the tale which my good friend here desir... ...n most of truth shall come to the birth as a philosopher, or artist, or some musical and lov ing nature; that which has seen truth in the sec ond de... ...whole art of rhetoric has been taught by them; but as to us ing the several instruments of the art effectively , or making the composition a whole,—a...

...le which, in the hands of a master, compels a language which is as rich as Greek to be also as musical. The spring of 1773, which witnessed the public... ...ds of a master, compels a language which is as rich as Greek to be also as musical. The spring of 1773, which witnessed the publication of Götz, saw h... ...ilt, and the carpet was a perfect flower- bed. In their arms lay the three instruments which I had been able to distinguish from without; for, being d... ...ttiest sight in the world; and I was on the point of sending all the other Greeks after him, when suddenly hissing waters spurted at me on all sides, ... ...lly into a small academy, in which every thing necessary, and at last even Greek and Latin, were taught. The extensive connections of Frankfort caused... ...d by nature. By this love of playing the harpsichord, Pfeil was led to the instruments themselves, and, while he hoped to obtain the best, came into c... ... on both the piano and the violin. The second, a true, good soul, likewise musical, enlivened the concerts which were often got up, no less than his e... ...ted them among my other little poems. The father had invented or perfected musical type. He granted me the use of a fine library, which related princi...

...y confusedly, some miscellaneous letters and other papers, with one or two musical instruments and a few books. Here, however, after a long and very d... ...edly, some miscellaneous letters and other papers, with one or two musical instruments and a few books. Here, however, after a long and very delib- er... ...haps even more than to the orthodox and easily recognisable beau- ties, of musical science. I had learned, too, the very remark- able fact, that the s... ...furniture was profuse, comfortless, antique, and tattered. Many books and musical instruments lay scattered about, but failed to give any vitality to... ...e was profuse, comfortless, antique, and tattered. Many books and musical instruments lay scattered about, but failed to give any vitality to the sce... ...a faint light; and there were but peculiar sounds, and these from stringed instruments, which did not inspire him with horror. To an anomalous species... ... from object to object, and rested upon none—neither the grotesques of the Greek painters, nor the sculptures of the best Italian days, nor the huge c... ... my arm as he sauntered around the apartment, “here are paintings from the Greeks to Cimabue, and from Cimabue to the present hour. Many are chosen, a... ...another was a “car- nival piece,” spirited beyond compare; the third was a Greek female head—a face so divinely beautiful, and yet of an ex- pression ...

...g and original figure in American letters. And, to sig- nify that peculiar musical quality of Poe’s genius which inthralls every reader, Mr. Lowell su... ... class. Then came a boyish attempt to join the fortunes of the insur- gent Greeks, which ended at St. Petersburg, where he got into difficulties throu... ... brought into vogue. All is limpid and serene, with a pleasant dash of the Greek Helicon in it. The melody of the whole, too, is remarkable. It is not... ...finer sort which the inner ear alone can estimate. It seems simple, like a Greek column, because of its perfection. In a poem named “Ligeia,” under wh... ...upper rim or base of the cone, a circle 28 Poe in Five V olumes of little instruments, resembling sheep-bells, which kept up a continual tinkling to ... ...common barometer with some important modifications, and two astro- nomical instruments not so generally known. I then took op- portunities of conveyin... .... Shouts of laughter ascend the skies. The air becomes dissonant with wind instruments, and horrible with clamor of a million throats. Let us descend,...