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In the last volume of this series, the Russian spacecraft designer Boris Chertok continues his narrative on the history of the Soviet space program.

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A comparison between the Russian expeditions of Afghanistan and Syria in 1979 and 2015. The essay describes the Russian allies and enemies in each case, and explains why the situation in Syria is much easier than the one the Soviets were facing in 1979 in Afghanistan....

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Minelaying by the U.S. Army Air Forces (AAF) had to overcome the absence of doctrine, serious questions of service autonomy, and preconceptions about naval and air force traditional roles. Though this initially unappreciated weapon gained considerable acceptance during the years of World War II, mines were not again dropped from aircraft in combat until the Vietnam War. During the Cold War, the U.S. Air Force gave little effort to its collateral maritime missions until concern grew over containing an expanding Soviet naval threat. Today, Air Force capabilities for aerial minelaying and other naval missions remain an important (though little appreciated) means for projecting long-range air power in support of "Global Reach--Global Power."...

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1. MINE WARFARE..................3 Theory and History Mines and How They Worked 2. WORLD WAR II AERIAL MINELAYING IN EUROPE............7 First Use by Germany The Royal Air Force Fights Back 3. MINELAY’ING IN JAPAN’S "OUTER ZONE" -1942-1945............10 Early Plans and Capability U.S. Navy Submarine and Surface Laid Mines Air Operations Minelaying by Naval Aviation 4. AAF MINELAYING IN JAPAN/S "INNER ZONE" -1945...............18 Planning "Operation Starvation LeMay and the XXI Bomber Command 5. PLAN AND REALITY -THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AAF AERIAL MINELAYING............26 Plans and Opportunities “Outer Zone" Results “Inner Zone" Results Japanese Mine Countermeasures World War II Conclusions 6. AERIAL MINELAYING -AN AIR FORCE MISSION............31 Contributions of the Army Air Forces Mines and the Postwar Air Force Mines in Three Limited Wars The Lessons -Are They Learned? Applications in the Future Conclusion...

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DISCLAIMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v ABOUT THE AUTHOR . . . . . . . . . . . . vii PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . xi INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Habit 1 Get a Haircut! First Impressions Last . . . . . 1 Habit 2 Shut Up! Listen and Pay Attention . . . . . . 9 Habit 3 Look Up! Attitude Is Everything . . . . . . . 15 Habit 4 Be Care-Full! Take Care of Your Troops . . . 23 Habit 5 Sharpen the Sword! Take Care of Yourself First. . . . . . . . . . . 35 Habit 6 Be Good! Know Your Stuff . . . . . . . . . . 45 Habit 7 Build Trust! Be Trustworthy . . . . . . . . . 51 Habit 8 Hang on Tight! Find an Enlisted Mentor . . . 59 FINAL THOUGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67...

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If you touch this book, you touch the soul of India!

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ANZUS is a defense alliance, a special and functional relationship between three close allies-Australia, New Zealand, and the United States .

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In this study Lt Col Joseph M. Codispoti, USAF, describes an emerging partnership between two long-time allies of the United States—Turkey and Israel. On the surface this Muslim-Jewish partnership seems unlikely, particularly on the fringes of the Arab world. A closer examination, however, reveals a number of mutual security interests and a shared sense of isolation at the crossroads of Europe, Central Asia, and the Middle East. The Turco-Israeli partnership has important national security implications for the United States. Working in tandem, these allies can promote the American vision for the region by fostering democracy, peace, and free markets in the region....

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A BRIEF HISTORY OF EVERYTHING: Quarks, Leptons and the Big Bang is a clear, readable and self – contained introduction to chaos of physics and related areas of science. It bridges the gap and addresses the questions that are of interest to us all or at least to all of us reading this book and lead us to study science in the first place. The book concentrates on presenting the subject from the understanding perspective of physics and brings the reader right up to date with curious aspects of physics established over the last few centuries. Necessary background information on physics is included but advanced mathematics is avoided. The book assumes science a journey not a destination and the advance of knowledge is an infinite progression towards a goal that forever recedes. This book will be of interest to students, teachers and general science readers interested in fundamental ideas of physics. ...

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In this study, Lt Col Karen O. Dunivin, USAF, examines social change in American military culture and explores the current struggle between the military’s traditional and exclusionary combat, masculine-warrior (CMW) paradigm or belief system and the contradictory evolving model of military culture characterized by egalitarianism and inclusiveness. It is a contest between old thinking and new thinking. The author uses two recent and ongoing cases to illustrate the divergence between paradigm and model: women in combat and homosexuals in the military....

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When in the , distant yesterday of hawaii?s history, the great navigator and monarch of the hawaiian race, the prince kulani - kuil - hawaiiloa, first brought his people over the wide desert of the sea of kanaloa (the pacific ocean) from the continent of kahiki-ku to found a new domain on these islands, he named the second largest island of the hawaiian group haere tonu, which means “out of the darkness and depths of the sea.” Many centuries were to pass before the people of hawaii were to call this island by the name of maui in honor of maui-loa, the first independent sovereign of that island. Today the name of haere tonu is forgotten; it lives only in the classical chats of ancient hawaii. For almost fourteen centuries following the arrival of hawaii-loa, all of the islands of the hawaiian under a sovereignty of one monarch who was always a direct descendant in the senior line of that first hawaiiloa. Although each of the islands had its own district chifs—some of whom were extremely powerful—yet did all of these chiefs pay homage to and acknowledge the who ruled on the island of hawaii. The at most of those ancient hawaiian...

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The Prince Paumakua was the last of the Hawaiin monchs, until the advent of kamehameha the Great, to held sovereignty over all of the Hawaiin islands. paumakua was the 49th lineal descendant of the great Navigator-king Hawaiiloa; he was 108th generation descendant of wakea, the God of light who was the progenitor of Hawaiin royalty....

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The basic hypothesis explored in this paper is that organizational culture and institutional agendas significantly affected the rise and fall of the Twenty-third Air Force. The significance of this research effort is clear considering the 1 October 2003 merger of Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) and AFSOF under the aegis of the Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC). In light of recent events, this study’s ultimate goal is to provide a preview of how culture may affect AFSOC’s endeavors to strengthen CSAR capabilities. By studying the past, this paper looks for glimpses into the future....

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1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 UNDERSTANDING ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 3 HERITAGE AND CULTURE OF AIR FORCE SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES . . . . . . . . . .29 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 4 HERITAGE AND CULTURE OF AIR RESCUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 5 ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: THE RISE OF THE TWENTY-THIRD AIR FORCE . . . . . .101 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 6 ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: THE FALL OF THE TWENTY-THIRD AIR FORCE . . . . .137 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 7 FROM THE PAST, THE FUTURE . . . . . . . . 171 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 APPENDIX: DESERT ONE ANALYSIS . . . . . . .183 ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199...

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The history of planetary protection is presented by tracing the responses to interplanetary concerns on NASA's missions.

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Since the untimely death of the sacred Prince William Charlcs Lunalilo, last island monarch of the Kamehameha Dynasty, about 80 years ago, there have arisen among the Hawaiians a great number of controversies involving the royal and noble genealogies, and pedigrees. In other instances, stories have been created of the most fantastic nature to distort utterly the true personalities of the Hawaiian kings and princes. For countless centuries the great House of Keawe had ruled over the island Kingdom of Hawaii. In 1782 at the great Battle of Mokuohai, a prince of the junior line of the House of Keawe, Kamehameha the First, established his authority and government and enthroned his dynasty....

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Throughout the entire history of Hawaii, there have been only three queens who ruled in their own sovereign right. These …ere first, the fabulously beautiful Kaikilani (Heaven?s Portion), second, the powerful and imperious Keakealani (The Blinding Light of Heaven), and third, Liliuokalani, the last queen of Hawaii. The second of these, the Queen Keakealani, became the mother of the great Prince Keawe. Keakealani was an unusual woman. At a time of masculine supremacy, she took the reins government into her own sure hands and exercised a rigid control over her realm. She led her own armies into battle and quickly quelled any attempt of the powerful chiefs of the great Hawaii districts to overthrow her....

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This study uses Brig Gen J. F. C. Fuller’s theory of war to investigate the motivation of pilots flying in combat. The study holds the physical and cognitive domains of war variables constant and analyzes the moral domain effects on pilot behavior....

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1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 THE MORAL DOMAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 3 METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4 SURVEY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS . . . . . . . 25 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 5 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40...

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This book is about national security strategy : what it is, what its objectives are, what problems it seeks to solve or at least manage, and what kinds of influences constrain and create opportunities for the development and implementation of strategies....

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The United States has been involved in peace enforcement operations for many years. In that time we have learned some lessons. Unfortunately, we continue to repeat many of the same mistakes. Sometimes we have forgotten hard-learned lessons, and sometimes we never learned from our earlier experiences. Focusing on command and control, the issues can be loosely grouped into categories of force and command structure, political impacts, and interoperability. Finally, for a multinational peace enforcement operation to succeed, interoperability must be achieved. Equipment and logistics provide the most visiblearea of concern; and problems remain with equipment, fuels, and transportation andrelated skills. Overall, to improve command and control for multinational peace operations, we must look at past experiences, recognize the recurring problems, and aggressively attack the roots of those problems. This paper identifies some of the “stickiest wickets” from the Dominican Republic and Somalia and suggests some solutions. The solutions are not simple or easy, but if we ignore the problems, they will certainly not simply go away....

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1. INTRODUCTION . . . . 1 Notes . . . . . . 2 2. COMMAND AND FORCE STRUCTURE . . . . . . 3 Dominican Republic . . . . 3 Somalia . . . . . 9 Summary . . . . 19 Notes . . . . . . 21 3. POLITICAL IMPACTS ON OPERATIONS . . . . . 27 Dominican Republic . . . . 27 Somalia . . . . . 35 Summary . . . . 45 Notes . . . . . . 47 4. INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES . . . . . 53 Dominican Republic . . . . 53 Somalia . . . . . 59 Intelligence . . . . . . 63 Summary . . . . 68 Notes . . . . . . 70 5. CONCLUSION . . . . . 75 Notes . . . . . . 79...

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During the Cold War, the Air Force had a fairly easy time explaining its mission to the American public. It also had a coherent public affairs structure to help execute that mission. The new threat environment in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, combined with steep personnel cuts to its public affairs community, have dramatically altered the communication challenge for the Air Force. To effectively operate in this new climate with an emphasis on strategic communication, the Air Force has tinkered with a few organizational models to strengthen the communication function....

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DISCLAIMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 A BRIEF HISTORY OF STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 AIR FORCE STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION EFFORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL: US NAVY PUBLIC AFFAIRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AIR FORCE COMMUNICATION EFFORTS . . . . . . . . . . . .29 NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35...

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What operational principles and concepts should be used to defeat a highly capable ground-based, strategic air defense system? This study examines the theories of Carl von Clausewitz, Basil H. Liddell Hart, Giulio Douhet, and Col John A. Warden III, and reviews United States, British, and Israeli Air Force doctrines for concepts and principles to overcome defensive strength. A historical analysis of Linebacker II, the Yom Kippur War, the 1982 Bekaa Valley Operation, and Operation Desert Storm shows the value of maneuver, surprise, and mass in sustaining offensive airpower. Four operational concepts are presented: the indirect approach (maneuver), the stealth approach (surprise), the mass simultaneous attack (mass), and a balanced concept (mass and surprise)....

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INTRODUCTION . . . . 1 THEORY . . . . . 2 DOCTRINE . . . . 7 HISTORY . . . . 11 CONTEMPORARY ANALYSIS . . . . 20 CONSTRUCTING OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS . . . . 24 CONCEPT FORCE PROCUREMENT . . . . . 28 TESTING OPERATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS . . . . 30 WAR GAME RESULTS ANALYSIS . . . . . . 35 FUTURE IMPLICATIONS . . . SO WHAT? . . . . . .37 CONCLUSION . . . . . 38 NOTES . . . . . 38 APPENDIX . . . . 45...

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The intent of this research is to provide an analysis of the ICBM maintenance team utilization at the current intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) alert rate and at lowered alert rates. Quantitative research methodologies are used to model historical ICBM maintenance data from the 341st Maintenance Group (MG) and simulate future maintenance team utilization at both the current and decreased ICBM alert rates. The results of this simulation and modeling show negligible savings in overall ICBM maintenance team utilization....