This study analyzes how the processes used in the national security planning influence the results. It begins by discussing the nature of strategic planning for national security, eventually defining it as a disciplined effort involving the allocation of resources to programmed activities aimed at achieving a set of objectives by integrating major goals, policies, and action sequences into a cohesive whole. The next step in this study defines several alternative methods for conducting strategic planning, including how using those methods could influence the outcome. The final section discusses the implications of the different approaches, including the recommendation that any review contemplating major changes in national security policy follow a more sequential and top-down process with clear guidance given to participants....

1 INTRODUCTION . . . . 1 Notes . . . . 5 2 NATIONAL SECURITY PLANNING PROCESSES . . . . . 7 Notes . . . . 12 3 THE NEW LOOK OF 1952–53 . . . . . . 15 Notes . . . . 29 4 THE QUADRENNIAL DEFENSE REVIEW OF 1996–97 . . . .33 Notes . . . . 51 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . 53 Notes . . . . 56...

Asteroids is an arcade multi-directional shooter released in November 1979 by Atari Inc. It was one of the most popular and influential games of the golden age of arcade games, selling 70,000 arcade cabinets.[1] Asteroids uses a vector display and a two-dimensional view that wraps around in both screen axes. The player controls a spaceship in an asteroid field which is periodically traversed by flying saucers. The object of the game is to shoot and destroy asteroids and saucers while not colliding with either, or being hit by the saucers' counter-fire....

The table games described in this book are based traditional tables games which have been modified to fit into a fantasy world where the inhabitants use a duodecimal numbering system (Base 12), and for whom the hexagon and numbers which are multiples 6 are of fundamental importance. When developing these table games the aim was to produce games with simple rules (easy to learn) which lead to complex outcomes (hard to master). Or to put this another way games which are non-trivial and require skill to play....

The games described in this book originally started life as part of a novel about the fantasy island of Tarron and the hominoid races (Elstron, Assen, Durns, and Jowr) that inhabited it. Within this fantasy novel The College of Arnur, in the Elstron Kingdom of Westron, played a key role in the story. The College of Arnur can best be described as a cross between a monastery and a university, within which the Table Games described in the first four sections of this book played an important role in the development of the students. The Other Games described in the fifth section were not used formally by The College of Arnur, being games more commonly played in the Castles, Halls, Inns, and Taverns of the Elstron Kingdoms of Westron, Stron, and Eastron. The purpose of this book (Volume 1) is to define the rules of the Elstron Table Games. A second book (Volume 2) will describe how these games evolved, including the games they were developed from and the sources used, along with the story of their historical development and cultural importance within the Elstron Kingdoms. The approach taken in this book (Volume 1) to defining the ru...

Small Board Games Tile Games Card Games Large Board Games Other Games

Frogger is an arcade game introduced in 1981. It was developed by Konami, and licensed for worldwide distribution by Sega/Gremlin. The object of the game is to direct frogs to their homes one by one. To do this, each frog must avoid cars while crossing a busy road and navigate a river full of hazards. Skillful players may obtain some bonuses along the way. The game is regarded as a classic from the golden age of video arcade games and was noted for its novel gameplay and theme. It was also an early example of a game using more than one CPU, as it used two Z80 processors. Frogger is still popular and clones can be found on many Internet game sites. By 2005, Frogger had sold 20 million copies worldwide, including 5 million in the United States....

The word to guess is represented by a row of dashes, giving the number of letters, numbers and category. If the guessing player suggests a letter or number which occurs in the word, the other player writes it in all its correct positions. If the suggested letter or number does not occur in the word, the other player draws one element of the hanged man stick figure as a tally mark. The game is over when: An example game in progress; the answer is Wikipedia.The guessing player completes the word, or guesses the whole word correctly The other player completes the diagram: This diagram is, in fact, designed to look like a hanging man. Although debates have arisen about the questionable taste of this picture,[1] it is still in use today. A common alternative for teachers is to draw an apple tree with ten apples, erasing or crossing out the apples as the guesses are used up. The exact nature of the diagram differs; some players draw the gallows before play and draw parts of the man's body (traditionally the head, then the torso, then the arms and legs one by one). Some players begin with no diagram at all, and drawing ...

Tetris (Russian: Те́трис, pronounced [ˈtɛtrʲɪs]) is a Soviet tile-matching puzzle video game originally designed and programmed by Alexey Pajitnov. It was released on June 6, 1984, while he was working for the Dorodnicyn Computing Centre of the Academy of Science of the USSR in Moscow. He derived its name from the Greek numerical prefix tetra- (all of the game's pieces contain four segments) and tennis, Pajitnov's favorite sport. It is also the first entertainment software to be exported from the USSR to the US and published by Spectrum HoloByte for Commodore 64 and IBM PC. The Tetris game is a popular use of tetrominoes, the four-element special case of polyominoes. Polyominoes have been used in popular puzzles since at least 1907, and the name was given by the mathematician Solomon W. Golomb in 1953. However, even the enumeration of pentominoes is dated to antiquity. The game (or one of its many variants) is available for nearly every video game console and computer operating system, as well as on devices such as graphing calculators, mobile phones, portable media players, PDAs, Network music players and even as an Easter eg...

Selected unexpurgated epigrams.

De Spectaculis:1 The New Colosseum De Spectaculis:2 Rome restored De Spectaculis:6 On display BookI:1 He’s here Book I:32 I don’t love you… Book I:34 Lesbia Book I:77 Charinus, exhausted Book I:91 The critic Book I:94 Changed Book I:115 A certain girl Book II:25 Promises Book II:38 A fine view Book II:87 Amazing Book III:9 A silent critic Book III:26 Possession Book III:27 Dinner invitations Book III:53 Sorry Chloe Book III:79 Incomplete Book III: 90 Uncertainty Book IV: 76 Half measures Book V:34 Erotion the slave-girl Book V:47 It’s logical Book V:58 Carpe diem Book V:64 The Mausoleum of Augustus Book V:66 Ave, Pontilianus Book V:81 It’s a law Book V:83 Contrary Book VI:40 Tempus fugit Book VI:60 My books Book VI:90 Bigamy Book VII:3 No thanks Book VII:14 True loss Book VII:30 Hard to please Book VII:73 Tell me, Maximus Book VII:76 The reality Book VIII:13 False description Book IX:8 Double negative Book X:14 Stop complaining Book X:29 My gifts Book X:32 Marcus Antonius Primus Book X:33 The hidden rule Book X:47 The good life Book X:50 Too soon Book X:97 Expectations dashed Book XI:3 No...

Checkers or draughts is the name of several different board games. All of these games are similar. In every kind of checkers, the other player's pieces can be taken by being "jumped" over. "Checkers" is the American name. In British English, and in various other English-speaking nations, these games are called "draughts." The rules and championships are controlled by the World Draughts Federation. ...

Critical Questions, Wise Responses In the past two decades, the growth of takfiri groups has been increased in West Asia. These extremist groups, influenced by Wahhabism and Salafism, are seeking to promote and institutionalize violence in the region. These groups, by a strategic premeditation and/or by mistake, have changed the priority of fighting and apprising of Zionist regime crimes to takfir of noble trend of Shiism. Many of them, who call themselves sheikhs, by taking advantage of the ignorance of the laity, issue fatwas of killing Muslims in general and Shiites in particular. Meanwhile some by raising unfounded doubts over Shia principals provoke this wave of violence and attempt to institutionalize hate between Muslims. Therefore, in order to prevent the promotion of violence, it is obligatory on every compassionate Muslim to be sensitive and give appropriate answer and inform the masses of these dangerous methods. The content of this book which is in response to questions posed against the Twelver Shiite (Athna'ashariyyah) would be evaluated in this context. This book contains 70 of the most important questions and doub...

Table of Content Introduction Terminology Of Shi`a The State of Appearance…………………....1 The founder of the School of Shi`ah …. 7 Shia in Lexicon and Terminology…...……11 Shi`ah in Quran and Tradition…………….. 14 Shia and Resorting to the tradition of “The twelve caliphs”……………….…………. 17 Shia of Islamic community, in comparison with the Jews……………………………………… 21 Quran and appointment of Imam……….. 26 Doubts Over Imamat Doubt of being in the charge of Imamate By child...............................................32 The meaning of Ul al- Amr in Sunni traditions............................................35 The meaning of Ul al- Amr in Shi’ite traditions..................................38 The meaning of Imam in Ma’rifah of Imam Tradition………………….……….…………..…… 43 The meaning of Imam in the verse of "Ibtila"…..........................................… 48 Doubts Over Wilayah The cause of revelation of Wilayah verse according to Sunnis quoting ................52 Traditions confirming the content of Wilayah tradition 61 Ghadir Khom Event of Ghadir 65 Cause of Revelation 78 The opinions of scholars of Sunna abo...

Gen John P. Jumper, former Air Force chief of staff, tasked Air Force Space Command with the responsibility of developing, fielding, and executing tactical and operationally responsive space capabilities near and through space. The newly created initiative known as Joint Warfighting Space focused on near space due to the advantage of achieving spacelike capabilities at a lower cost. Such capabilities could offer continuous, organic, survivable, and “stay and stare” persistence to theater commanders, thus potentially relieving the need for national and strategic systems. Effects-based operations, network-centric warfare, and rapid maneuver demand this persistence....

To reinvigorate strategic thought within the Air Force, this study addresses a single question: what critical capabilities—through the combatant commanders—will the nation require of the Air Force by 2030?...

1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Supporting Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 AIR FORCE CAPABILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Air Force Critical Capabilities, 2020–30 . . . . .5 Power Projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Freedom of Action: Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Freedom of Action: Space . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Freedom of Action: Cyber . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Global Situational Awareness . . . . . . . . . . .13 Air Diplomacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Military Support to Civil Authorities . . . . . . . 17 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3 RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Power Projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Freedom of Action: Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Freedom of Action: Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Freedom of Action: Cyber . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Global Situational Awareness . . . . . . . . . . .29 Air Diplomacy . ...

The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction dramatically in-creases the likelihood of operating in “hostile” environments, thereby eliminating the civil reserve airfleet’s contribution to strategic airlift. Commercial airlift aircraft, built for efficiency, represent a fiscally responsible complement to the military’s airlift fleet. In order to meet current and future force requirements, especially with a continental-based force structure, the United States needs to supplement its strategic airlift fleet with a COTS airlift aircraft....

1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 2 THE CIVILIAN–MILITARY AIRLIFT PARTNERSHIP: EFFICIENCY VERSUS EFFECTIVENESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 3 AIRLIFT REQUIREMENTS, CURRENT CAPABILITIES, AND THE SHORTFALL . . . . . 21 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 4 THE ALTERNATIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5 RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58...

Pac-Man (パックマン Pakkuman) is an arcade game developed by Namco and first released in Japan on May 22, 1980. It was licensed for distribution in the United States by Midway and released in October 1980.Immensely popular from its original release to the present day, Pac-Man is considered one of the classics of the medium, virtually synonymous with video games, and an icon of 1980s popular culture. Upon its release, the game—and, subsequently, Pac-Man derivatives—became a social phenomenon that sold a large amount of merchandise and also inspired, among other things, an animated television series and a top-ten hit single....

The early proponents of air power believed that with suitable aircraft, and control of the air, airmen would make surface operations impossible and irrelevant. In the years since they made these predictions, aircraft have gained capabilities far beyond those predicted by early advocates. However, airmen are still searching for a strategy that will guarantee the results their predecessors promised. Instead of replacing surface forces, air power has become their indispensable partner. Air power contributes to the security, mobility, and firepower of joint forces, but its primary contribution may be air superiority....

Major Rick Paulsen's study analyzes the role of United States nuclear weapons in this new, multipolar environment. He begins with a historical look at the role nuclear weapons have played in US defense policy since 1945. He reviews current unclassified guidance and the spectrum of public opinion on where the United States should be going with its nuclear weapons programs . He then surveys the potential threat of weapons of mass destruction. Major Paulsen concludes his study by suggesting nuclear force capabilities that would provide the United States with a viable deterrent for the post-cold war era. His recommendations address a broad range of issues that focus on developing a coherent nuclear strategy....

At its core this work is a database covering Anglo-American strategic bomber operations against Germany, Italy, and Axis associated or occupied Europe. As such it allows swift and easy listing of day-by-day bombing, bombing of strategic target systems by location and tonnage, bombing of specific countries, comparisons of US and British targeting and operations, and much more....

The predictable nature of American strategic bombing may make it vulnerable to a perceptive enemy. By offering him the opportunity to design, test, and employ countermeasures, American air commanders may have inadvertently limited their ability to achieve success....

1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . 1 Notes . . . . 3 2 THE EARLY YEARS AND WORLD WAR I . . . . 5 Notes . . . . 7 3 THE INTERWAR YEARS . . . . 9 Notes . . . .13 4 WORLD WAR II: THE EUROPEAN THEATER . . . . .15 Notes . . . .20 5 WORLD WAR II: THE PACIFIC THEATER . . . .23 Notes . . . .28 6 LIMITED WARFARE . . .31 Notes . . . .37 7 THE FUTURE . . . .39 Notes . . . .41...

This is a story of long-range airpower, from Gen Henry H. “Hap” Arnold’s vision of a global mission to the Global Strike Task Force and expeditionary air forces of the year 2001. It examines global power from its origins as Strategic Air Command built a fleet of bombers and tankers to meet the needs of the global nuclear-deterrent policy of the Cold War. This evolution is traced through the studies and commissions of the 1990s established to determine the force structure for the twenty-first century. The assumptions that were made to develop a force focused on expeditionary short-range airpower to project global power are established and then examined with four case studies in the application of airpower over long range....

1 GLOBAL POWER FOR AMERICA . . . . . . . . . 1 2 WORLD WAR II ORIGINS AND COLD WAR MATURITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 3 GLOBAL POWER––POST–COLD WAR: ASSUMPTIONS FOR THE FUTURE . . . . . . . . .21 4 CASE STUDIES IN GLOBAL POWER . . . . . . 45 5 EVALUATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . .75 6 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89...