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This book is of Romanian culture books. Biblical Romanian literature is the most comprehensive, voluminous, and the most representative of the culture....

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Prefaţa:Un mare cărturar şi om de suflet, ION ROTARU........4 (anti)Scrisori către Ion Rotaru 9 1. Craiova, 13 ianuarie 1987 ......................................... 10 2. Scrisoarea a III-a, Craiova, 27 ianuarie - 02 februarie 1988 18 3. Scrisoarea a IV-a, Craiova, 20 februarie 1988 .......... 33 4. Scrisoarea a V-a, Craiova, 27 martie 1988. ............... 36 5. Craiova, 02 iunie1988 ................................................ 41 6. Scrisoarea a XIII-a, Craiova,13 iunie 1988.. .............. 55 7. Scrisoarea a XX-a, Craiova, 22 iunie - 22 iulie1988 .. 62 8. Phoenix, 20 aprilie 1990 ............................................. 78 9. Phoenix, 07 august 1990 ............................................. 79 10. Phoenix, 31 mai 1990 ................................................ 84 11. Phoenix, 26 septembrie 1990 ..................................... 86 12. Phoenix, 07 octombrie 1990 ...................................... 87 13. Phoenix, 17 octombrie 1990 ...................................... 90 14. Phoenix, 10 decembrie 1990 ...................................... 91 15. Phoenix, 29 decembrie 1990 ...............

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What is Philosophy? Is it the exclusive domain of those who dream in abstract? Or is it the manifestation of the struggle of those who practice in material? Does it originate in the minds of professors like a Ganges flowing out from the hair-locks of "Lord" Shiva? Or is it rustic and puerile, evolving into maturity through the experiences of common men. I started writing philosophy without actually knowing that I was writing one. To start with, it was an outlet to project my frustration in the form of writings. Pretty often, it carried abuses hurled at none in particular, but at the system through its agents. But I don’t know when those ramblings started getting matured into Philosophy and all puerility and abuses purified themselves on the way – a Ganges doesn’t become pure by its origin but by the treatment people give to it on its way. In my book “Writings @ Ankur Mutreja”, I included a section on my personal philosophy and thought nobody would be interested in reading it. But, fortunately, I have found some kind-hearted people, who have given me their valuable feedback. I am reproducing my philosophy below by selecting those top...

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„Szok szybkości” to esej o fascynującym prądzie cywilizacji, który porywa świat wraz z ludźmi w dziwną przyszłość. Symbioza ludzi i komputerów, końcowy etap postnowoczesnej kultury, rodzi zaskakujące zjawiska, napędzane potężnymi siłami ewolucji i entropii. Świat w każdej chwili może znaleźć się poza naszą kontrolą. Esej odsłania tajemnice nowej, rodzącej się cywilizacji ludzi i komputerów; jest kolekcją teorii naukowych i metafor popkultury, przepuszczoną przez filtry filozofii i zdrowego rozsądku; rozważa rolę i przeznaczenie bytów inteligentnych: ludzi, komputerów, nadczłowieka i boga. Autor tworzy dwa główne scenariusze przyszłości człowieka, których wspólnym mianownikiem są dwie cechy: Szybkość i Dziwność. Metafory, teorie filozoficzne, nowe technologie i odkrycia naukowe, to fragmenty puzzli, z których autor układa obraz dziwnej, miejscami przerażającej rzeczywistości. O tym, że ewolucja trwa nadal wie każdy. O tym, że ewolucja inteligencji nie tylko nadal trwa, ale przyspiesza, wie niewielu. Co będzie końcowym efektem tego przyspieszenia, nie wie nikt. Dokąd prowadzą nas destrukcyjno-kreatywne siły ewolucji? Mając do dyspozyc...

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„To globalizacja oraz symbiotyczna integracja ludzi i maszyn tworzą zalążki nowego, kolejnego superorganizmu w historii życia na Ziemi. Nie będzie się on jednak składał z bakterii czy mrówek, lecz z umysłów i komputerów. Stworzy go to wszystko, co podłączy się do Sieci. Jego architektura i stosunek do ludzi może przybrać przeróżne formy. Rozwijając hipotezę Turchina nie można wykluczyć, że ta nowa ponadosobnicza inteligencja będzie dysponowała jakąś formą świadomości i możliwością kierowania swoim rozwojem.” Str. 60 „A teraz pomyślmy o swoim mózgu. Przecież ludzki mózg składa się wyłącznie z bakterii. Każdy neuron był kiedyś niezależnym organizmem. Bakterią, które miliard lat temu krążyły swobodnie w środowisku. Mózg, to sto miliardów bakterii, które komuniują się między sobą; bakterii, które stworzyły w ludzkiej czaszce własny Internet. Inteligencja człowieka, duch, miłość, nienawiść, to rozmowy tych połączonych bakterii. I rozmawiają ze sobą własnym elektrochemicznym językiem, wszystkie na raz. Każdy neuron ma własną tożsamość, jest niepowtarzalny. Oprócz tych gadających bakterii nie ma w głowie nic ważnego. Reszta mózgu, to zwykł...

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Wstęp …................................................................ 5 1. Komputery wszystko zmienią ............................... 10 2. Neurowrota do cyberprzestrzeni …....................... 15 3. Komputery nie płaczą …........................................ 20 4. Zmierzch Europy? ….............................................. 19 5. Dziwny i szybki świat …......................................... 40 6. Czyńcie sobie cyberprzestrzeń przyjazną …........... 49 7. Komputery wstępują do nieba …........................... 54 8. Śmierć Boga …....................................................... 66 9. Hipoteza samodestrukcji …................................... 80 10. Trwały pokój .......................................................... 86 11. Enter, enterpreneur, enteryzm …........................... 95 12. Inteligencja w przestrzeni publicznej ….................. 110 13. Czy był już Rok 1984?...

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INTRODUCTION THIS IS AN INVITATION TO UNDERSTANDING. THIS IS AN INVITATION TO YOU. NOT YOU AS THE READER OF THESE WORDS ONLY, BUT TO THE (GENERIC YOU) ALL AND EVERY YOU. Millions are ready today to understand who they are and how they operate as a HUMAN BEING. There are a number of steps necessary in the learning process. 1.The individual must be ready (desire) to learn. 2.The individual must be able (potential) to learn. 3.The individual must practice (motivation) that which is being learned. 4.The individual must be (acceptance) the learned. ...

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„Szok szybkości” to esej o fascynującym prądzie cywilizacji, który porywa świat wraz z ludźmi w dziwną przyszłość. Symbioza ludzi i komputerów, końcowy etap postnowoczesnej kultury, rodzi zaskakujące zjawiska, napędzane potężnymi siłami ewolucji i entropii. Świat w każdej chwili może znaleźć się poza naszą kontrolą. Esej odsłania tajemnice nowej, rodzącej się cywilizacji ludzi i komputerów; jest kolekcją teorii naukowych i metafor popkultury, przepuszczoną przez filtry filozofii i zdrowego rozsądku; rozważa rolę i przeznaczenie bytów inteligentnych: ludzi, komputerów, nadczłowieka i boga. Autor tworzy dwa główne scenariusze przyszłości człowieka, których wspólnym mianownikiem są dwie cechy: Szybkość i Dziwność. Metafory, teorie filozoficzne, nowe technologie i odkrycia naukowe, to fragmenty puzzli, z których autor układa obraz dziwnej, miejscami przerażającej rzeczywistości. O tym, że ewolucja trwa nadal wie każdy. O tym, że ewolucja inteligencji nie tylko nadal trwa, ale przyspiesza, wie niewielu. Co będzie końcowym efektem tego przyspieszenia, nie wie nikt. Dokąd prowadzą nas destrukcyjno-kreatywne siły ewolucji? Mając ...

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„To globalizacja oraz symbiotyczna integracja ludzi i maszyn tworzą zalążki nowego, kolejnego superorganizmu w historii życia na Ziemi. Nie będzie się on jednak składał z bakterii czy mrówek, lecz z umysłów i komputerów. Stworzy go to wszystko, co podłączy się do Sieci. Jego architektura i stosunek do ludzi może przybrać przeróżne formy. Rozwijając hipotezę Turchina nie można wykluczyć, że ta nowa ponadosobnicza inteligencja będzie dysponowała jakąś formą świadomości i możliwością kierowania swoim rozwojem.” Str. 60 „A teraz pomyślmy o swoim mózgu. Przecież ludzki mózg składa się wyłącznie z bakterii. Każdy neuron był kiedyś niezależnym organizmem. Bakterią, które miliard lat temu krążyły swobodnie w środowisku. Mózg, to sto miliardów bakterii, które komuniują się między sobą; bakterii, które stworzyły w ludzkiej czaszce własny Internet. Inteligencja człowieka, duch, miłość, nienawiść, to rozmowy tych połączonych bakterii. I rozmawiają ze sobą własnym elektrochemicznym językiem, wszystkie na raz. Każdy neuron ma własną tożsamość, jest niepowtarzalny. Oprócz tych gadających bakterii nie ma w głowie nic ważnego. Reszta mózgu, to zw...

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Wstęp …................................................................ 5 1. Komputery wszystko zmienią ............................... 9 2. Neurowrota do cyberprzestrzeni …....................... 14 3. Komputery nie płaczą …........................................ 19 4. Zmierzch Europy? ….............................................. 18 5. Dziwny i szybki świat …......................................... 39 6. Czyńcie sobie cyberprzestrzeń przyjazną …........... 48 7. Komputery wstępują do nieba …........................... 53 8. Śmierć Boga …....................................................... 65 9. Hipoteza samodestrukcji …................................... 79 10. Trwały pokój .......................................................... 85 11. Enter, enterpreneur, enteryzm …........................... 94 12. Inteligencja w przestrzeni publicznej ….................. 109 13. Czy był już Rok 1984? …........................

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In this theoretically sophisticated monograph Dr. Alex Battler formulates a new ontological interpretation of the category of force: - a definition of force as an ontological category; - the manifestation of force in the inorganic world within the framework of the idea of the Big Bang; - a definition of force in the organic world to determine the boundary between life and nonlife; - a solution to the mind–body problem (i.e., what consciousness and thought are), which has led me to a new formulation of the concept of Progress. ...

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PREFACE......................................................................................................9 INTRODUCTION: LEXICON AND METHOD....................................17 CHAPTER I. THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF FORCE.........................31 1. Foreword.............................................................................................32 2 . Ancient Greek Philosophers On Force............................................35 3. The Philosophy of Force in the Works of European Philosophers of the 15th–19th Centuries.................................................................41 Nicholas of Cusa..........................................................................41 Leonardo da Vinci.......................................................................42 Bernardino Telesio and Francis Bacon.......................................44 René Descartes and Isaac Newton..............................................47 Benedict de Spinoza....................................................................50 John Locke...................................................................................51 ...

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Sample pages

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Books by VED from VICTORIA INSTITUTIONS This file contains the sample pages of some of my books. It may be noted that all these books are available for free reading on http://www.victoria.org.in/. However, readers who are interested in buying the digital book copy of any of these books may refer this web-link for more details in this regard. March of the Evil Empires; English versus the Feudal Languages Shrouded Satanism in Feudal Languages; Tribulations and intractability of improving others!! CODES of REALITY! WHAT is LANGUAGE? COMPULSORY FORMAL EDUCATION: A travesty! Idiocy of the Indian Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act! Horrendous India! A parade of facade in verbal codes! INDIAN MARRIED LIFE: The undercurrents! Software codes of Reality, Life and Languages! How I worked out the idea starting from zero My Online Writings Vol One The EFFECT of ENGLAND [My Online Writings Part II] Veiled routes to resources in Computers & on the Internet, unVeiled KALEIDOSCOPIC HUES - Indian vernacular Pro-pristine English Digital Magazine ...

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Over centuries, The Bhagavad Gita has been considered an important spiritual guidebook and has influenced many thought leaders in human history. The Gita is conversational poetry set in an epic battlefield where a family of cousins are engaged in a war for control of a kingdom. The Lord Almighty assumes the role of a charioteer for prince Arjuna who is about to fight his cousins led by Duryodhana. The fact that this is a war between cousins and involves people related to each other immerses Arjuna in a deep remorse at the prospect of fighting his cousins, uncles, friends, teachers etc, which leads him to a decision to abdicate the war and leave the kingdom to his cousins. At this point, the Lord teaches Arjuna the need for one to confront difficult tasks in life and not run away from responsibilities as in this case, it was Arjuna's responsibility to wrest the kingdom away from his cousins who had usurped the same with dubious means. Arjuna indeed had an obligation to run a just and rightful administration. The Lord answers a series of questions that Arjuna has on the overall concept of rightful action, how to conduct them and the a...

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Learn English through Malayalam

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If passing through youth was like crossing the mirage of life for Chandra and Nithya, it proved to be chasing the mirage of love for Sathya and Prema though for plain Vasavi, Chandra's pitiable sibling, it was the end of the road. As life brings Chandra, who suffers from an inferiority complex for his perceived ugliness, and Nithya, who was bogged down being jilted by Vasu, together, they script their fate of fulfillment. And as poetic justice would have it, Sathya, who caused Prema's heart burn, himself was led down the garden path by Kala, doing a "Sathya on Sathya". Just not that, life has in store just deserts for Vasu owing to Nithya's retribution as he tries to stalk her. Besides, after many a fictional twist and turn, the way the story ends, challenges the perception that fact is stranger than fiction. ...

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As if all this was not enough for his tender psyche to cope up with, he had to contend with the sternness of the paternal strictness. Thus, it was only time before the seeds of alienation towards his father were sown in his impressionable mind. But the support he got from his sister and the solace he felt in his mother’s lap helped soothe his ruffled feelings a little. In time, he reached the threshold of youth, but couldn’t cross the despair of adolescence. Oblivious of the possibilities of life, man goes through his journey of disarray, in the itinerary of the past, chasing the mirages of malady even amidst the sands of hope. And that despairs him forever. Into his puberty, as his biology induced in him sexual curiosity, owing to his ungainliness, his youthful urge for reciprocity remained unfulfilled. Being naïve to the feminine nuances, his eyes couldn’t comprehend the emanations of their indifference. When in dismay, as he turned to the mirror for a clue, the reflections of his self-doubts stared him in his face. Yet, goaded by desire, he ogled women but to no avail. And as he went back to the mirror to reassess h...

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Shackles on Psyche End of the Tether Burden of Freedom Onto the Turf Respite by Death Lessons of Life Naivety of Love Dilemma of Disclosure Perils of Youth Absurd Proposal Crossing the Mirage Setting the Pace Oasis of Bliss Busy bees in Honeycomb Twist in the Tale Love in the Bind Turn for the Worse Shadows to the Fore Spurring to Err Tempting the Fate Stooping to Conquer Fouling the Soul Poetic Justice Agony of Penitence Embrace of Love Life of a Kind Just deserts?...

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I have collected this beautiful American Folklore - under the form of aphorisms - from car plates, from various anonymous postings, from expressions heard in my discussions, from e-mails received, etc. Computer jokes, life taken upside-down, job related reflections, family connections, inside-out clichés of language, and so on. They are in a paradoxist style, or close, and full of humor… Some of them are cascading Murphy’s Laws (pessimistically), others are opposite - like Peter’s Laws (optimistically). Their sweetness smiles in the face of adversity, full of irony and auto-irony. I hope readers will enjoy them....

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See a few nice examples from the book text: “I think, therefore I’m single”, “Life is short, break some rules”, or “Black Holes are Where God Divided by Zero”!...

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The text translated is in the courtesy of Institute for the Translation of Korean Classics and their Korean translation version of the original Chinese text written by Yi I. The translation may differ from the original Chinese text as the English translation referred to the institute’s Korean translation....

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Men born into this world cannot become truly humane without learning. So called learning is not something estranged or distinct. Only, it is just for a father to be benevolent, a son faithful, the ruled loyal, with propriety between spouses, love between brothers, trust between friends and respect for the elders. In daily lives, all work should be treated with its own worth and a man must not mind with the mysterious to obtain the eccentric. However, a man who is not learnt has a heart that is stagnant because his perspective is limited. He must read, and then after considering the truth in those lines and enlightening the path of learning, it is possible to realise that taking the path is virtuous and accomplishing it brings justice to actions. Men nowadays do not know that learning exists in their daily lives and believe that it is intangibly high and far, difficult to grasp. Likewise, learning is left to the great men and is given up by the common people. How pitiful this is! When I was at the south of Haesan 해산 海山, one or two students came and asked of learning. Although I was embarrassed to be worthy of a teacher,...

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Acknowledgement Preface Introduction·서·序 Chapter 1 On establishing the spirit of learning·입지·立志 Chapter 2 On changing old habits·혁구습·革舊習 Chapter 3 On conducting oneself·지신·持身 Chapter 4 On reading·독서·讀書 Chapter 5 On how to treat parents·사친·事親 Chapter 6 On the rites of funerals·상제·喪祭 Chapter 7 On the rites of ancestral rituals·제례·祭禮 Chapter 8 On how to reside in one’ s own house·거가·居家 Chapter 9 On how to treat others·접인·接人 Chapter 10 On the conduct of life·처세·處世 ...

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The scholastic psychunlogy is the part of psychunlogy that studies the multiple aspects of the influence of the disorganized education practiced in schools, of the misprocesses resulted from the educational intervention with the psychological laws of the children’s education and instruction, of unlearning, of lifestyle deformation, and students’ personalities in the misprocess of educational instruction. Along with the child psychunlogy, the scholastic psychunlogy constitutes the principal source of misinformation and fundament of the science of parapedagogy. With this booklet, this unauthor introduces a new literary-scientific genre called psychological science fiction as part of the PARADOXISM movement in literature and science....

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The separation of psychunlogy from philosophy and its deformation as an autonomous science takes place, especially as a result of the great regresses registered in some of the unnatural sciences such as biology (the anatomy and biology of the nervous system, the neuronvegetative and endocrine systems, senses organs), and physics (the science that proved the possibility of mess-experimentations and non-objective and relative exact measurements)....

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Psychological Science Fiction (Unpreface) ................. 3 Table of Contents .................................. 4 Chapter 1 – The non-object and the psychunlogy’s problems .......... 7 The science of psychunlogy .............................. 7 The psychic, brain’s malfunction, non‐objective reflection of the non‐objective world ....... 7 The psychic misprocess of cognition .......................... 11 The psychic characteristics .............................. 12 The object of the scholastic psychunlogy ........................ 12 Chapter 2 – The unconscious psychic activity ............... 14 The conscienceless notion .............................. 14 The principal malfunctions of the conscienceless ..................... 15 The conscienceless dimensions ............................ 15 Self‐conscienceless (self‐awarenessless) ....................... 16 The collective self‐conscienceless (self‐awarenessless) .................. 16 The levels of disorganization of the psychic inhuman activities ................ 16 The psychic development in autogenesis ........................ 17 The factors of psychic’s non‐develop...

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The Little Prince is a poetic tale, with watercolour illustrations by the author, in which a pilot stranded in the desert meets a young prince fallen to Earth from a tiny asteroid. The story is philosophical and includes social criticism, remarking on the strangeness of the adult world. It was written during a period when Saint-Exupéry fled to North America subsequent to the Fall of France during the Second World War, witnessed first hand by the author and captured in his memoir Flight to Arras.[11] The adult fable, according to one review, is actually "...an allegory of Saint-Exupéry's own life—his search for childhood certainties and interior peace, his mysticism, his belief in human courage and brotherhood.... but also an allusion to the tortured nature of their relationship."...

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Since the first edition of Inquiries about Shia Islam was published in the summer of 1999, four-thousand English copies have been distributed and sold to Muslims and non-Muslims in the United States of America and abroad. The book was also published in various languages. The need still exists for a better understanding about the traditions and followers of the Ahlul Bayt, and thus a revised second edition of the book was made. I would like to take this opportunity to thank Sister Fatma Saleh for her generous contributions in editing and revising this edition. Special thanks are also due to the Khaki family of Seattle, Washington for making this book come to print. May Allah, the most Merciful, the most Compassionate reward all those who work sincerely to serve His cause....

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I ask all who read this book to read it objectively, with openmindedness and without sectarian biases, and I welcome any suggestions, criticisms, or inquiries. We ask Allah for guidance and enlightenment in our search for the truth. May Allah open our hearts and minds to it, and may He guide and extend His mercy upon us, for He is the one who grants all things. “Our Lord! Let not our hearts deviate from the truth after You have guided us, and grant us mercy from You; truly, You are the Bestower.”Noble Quran, 3:8 We ask Allah for His mercy, grace, and blessings in this endeavor, and I ask the readers for their prayers that we all continue to be humble servants of the religion of Allah on the Earth....

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Table of Contents Introduction Introduction to Second Edition Who are the Shi‘a? The Five Schools of Islamic Thought Ja‘fari Hanafi Maliki Shafi;i Hanbali Imamah Quranic Evidence for the Divine Ordination of the Imam Seven Categories of Verses of Allah’s Government in Quran (1) The Verses of Kingdom: (2) The Verses of Government: (3) The Verses of Command: (4) The Verses of Guardianship: (5) The Verses of Following: (6) The Verse of Choosing: (7) The Verse of Judgment: Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib Ghadir Khum The Verse of Warning (Indhar) The Verse of Bowing (Ruku) The Verse of Guardianship Prophetic Narrations Appointing Imam Ali as Successor Twelve Leaders to Succeed the Prophet. Who are the Twelve Leaders? The Ahlul Bayt The Verse of Purity (Taharah) The Verse of Affection (Muwaddah) The Verse of Malediction (Mubahilah) The Verse of Prayer (Salat) The Verse of Feeding The Verse of Guardianship The Hadith of the Two Weighty Things (Thaqalayn) Similar Narrations from the Prophet Muhammad about his Ahlul Bayt Infallibility Intercession (Shafa‘ah) Calling Upon the Prophet and ...

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I’m Sean Morgan and my mission in life is to give hope to people who are looking for it. I’ve spent years discovering the most effective methods for self-transformation and empowerment from ancient eastern traditions to modern western research. I had to go on this journey due to intense mental, emotional, and physical illness. Now I’m sharing the most powerful insights and practices to provide guidance to those suffering with any or all of the following: low energy, low motivation, physical illness, anxiety, depression, and financial scarcity. The included workbook will guide you through the techniques that worked for me such as deconstructing beliefs, physical healing practices, visualizations, meditations, and journal reflections. You will also develop your understanding of neural pattern interruptions, emotional energy cycles, the correlation between social introversion and depression, and much more. By the end of this book you will know why patterns of negativity persist in ourselves and in the world. Second, you will understand what it takes to break free from patterns of victimhood, illness, depression, and fear. Thir...

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Hi, I'm Sean Morgan. My mission in life is to give hope to people who are looking for it. In the past, I've worked with anxiety, panic disorder, depression, depersonalization, and extreme illness. I was hospitalized and medicated as a teen for panic disorder. The medication actually made things worse, and I found wellness through healthy lifestyle choices. In my twenties, I suffered from chronic Lyme disease and depression. It put me on a journey to discover as many healing practices as possible for my body and mind. It was only through the destruction of a precious relationship with my fiancee that I was willing to take responsibility for my mental health. I realized that I am 100% responsible for my own circumstances through my thoughts, feelings, and actions. Now I’m happy to say that I'm healthy in body and mind. If I could have just one wish for people struggling, it would be to experience the same life-changing revelation regarding responsibility. I always wanted to “make a difference”. I tried to become powerful by studying business. Then I realized that my vocation was to work directly in a caring profession. ...

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Table Of Contents Introduction In The Beginning The Emotional Body How Beliefs Relate To The Emotional Body Releasing An Emotion Deconstructing Beliefs And Creating New Ones Using Inquiry To Unroot A Belief Memories Using Ancient Practices To Clear Negative Patterns Healing Through Massage Reiki And Therapeutic Touch The Relaxation Response And Gene Expression Easy Ways To Empower Yourself When You Have Low Energy And Motivation The Friendly Universe Making Decisions From The Heart Direct Conversation With The Unconscious Mind How The Mind, Body, and Emotions Affect Each Other The Inner Resource Bank Account Model Introversion and Social Anxiety Change Your Physiology Health And Happiness Cause Socially Dominant Behavior And Vice Versa Reference Experiences New Life Scripts Sunlight, Tanning, and Full Spectrum Lighting Intense Energy Movement In The Body Healing Crisis Bliss Drugs Alternate Views Of Reality Self Parenting Is Healing Yourself Selfish? Facing Death Darkness To Daylight 30 Day Challenge Darkness To Dawn The Voice Of Resistance and The Antidote Of Self-Love Evidence For Strategies...

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Scientia Magna is published annually in 200-300 pages per volume and 1,000 copies on topics such as mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and linguistics....

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A structure theorem of right C-rpp semigroups1 Abstract A new method of construction for right C-rpp semigroups is given by using a right cross product of a right regular band and a strong semilattice of left cancellative monoids. Keywords Right C-rpp semigroups, right cross products, right regular bands, left cancellative monoids. x1. Introduction Recall that a semigroup S is called an rpp semigroup if all its principal right ideals aS1, regarded as right S1-systems, are projective. According to J.B. Fountain[5], a semigroup S is rpp if and only if, for any a 2 S, the set Ma=fe 2 E j S1a µ Se and for all x; y 2 S1, ax = ay ) ex = eyg is a non-empty set, where E is the set of all idempotents of S. An rpp semigroup S is called strongly rpp if for every a 2 S, there exists a unique idempotent e in Ma such that ea=a. It is easy to see that regular semigroups are rpp semigroups and completely regular semigroups are strongly rpp semigroups. Thus, rpp semigroups are generalizations of regular semigroups. A strongly rpp semigroups S is said to be a right C-rpp semigroup if L. _ R is a congruence on S and Se µ eS for all e 2 E(...

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X. Pan and B. Liu : On the irrational root sieve sequence 1 H. Liu : Sub-self-conformal sets 4 K. Liu : On mean values of an arithmetic function 12 L. Wang and Y. Liu : On an infinite series related to Hexagon-numbers 16 X. Ren, etc. : A structure theorem of right C-rpp semigroups 21 A. R. Gilani and B. N. Waphare : Fuzzy extension in BCI-algebras 26 A. S. Shabani : The Pell's equation x2 ¡ Dy2 = §a 33 L. Cheng : On the mean value of the Smarandache LCM function 41 W. Guan : Four problems related to the Pseudo-Smarandache-Squarefree function 45 Y. Lou : On the pseudo Smarandache function 48 J. L. Gonzalez : A miscellaneous remark on problems involving Mersenne primes 51 Y. Liu and J. Li : On the F.Smarandache LCM function and its mean value 52 N. T. Quang and P. D. Tuan : A generalized abc-theorem for functions of several variables 56 W. Liu, etc. : An assessment method for weight of experts at interval judgment 61 Y. Xue : On the F.Smarandache LCM function SL(n) 69 Y. Zheng : On the Pseudo Smarandache function and its two conjectures 74 Z. Ding : Diophantine equations and their positive integer solutions 77 S. Gou ...

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Scientia Magna is published annually in 200-300 pages per volume and 1,000 copies on topics such as mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and linguistics....

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Abstract In this paper, we use 4-cyclotomic cosets of modulo n and generator polynomials to describe quaternary simple-root cyclic codes of length n = 85. We discuss the conditions under which a quaternary cyclic codes contain its dual, and obtain some quantum error-correcting codes of length n = 85, three of these codes are better than previous known codes. Keywords Quaternary cyclic code, self-orthogonal code, quantum error-correcting code. x1. Introduction Since the initial discovery of quantum error-correcting codes, researchers have made great progress in developing quantum error-correcting codes. Many code construction are given. Reference [1] gives a thorough discussion of the principles of quantum coding theory. Many good quantum error-correcting codes were constructed from BCH codes, Reed-Muller codes, Reed-Solomon codes and algebraic geometric codes, see [2-6]. So it is natural to construct quantum error-correcting codes from quaternary cyclic codes. It is known that there is a close relation between cyclotomic coset and cyclic codes. Suggested by this relation, we use 4-cyclotomic coset modulo n and generator polyn...

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S. M. Khairnar and M. More : Subclass of analytic and univalent functions in the unit disk 1 Y. Ma, etc. : Large quaternary cyclic codes of length 85 and related quantum error-correcting 9 J. Chen : Value distribution of the F.Smarandache LCM function 15 M. Bencze : About a chain of inequalities 19 C. Tian and N. Yuan : On the Smarandache LCM dual function 25 J. Caltenco, etc. : Riemannian 4-spaces of class two 29 Y. Xue : On a conjecture involving the function SL¤(n) 41 Y. Wang : Some identities involving the near pseudo Smarandache function 44 A. Gilani and B. Waphare : On pseudo a-ideal of pseudo-BCI algebras 50 J. Chen : An equation involving the F.Smarandache multiplicative function 60 M. Enciso-Aguilar, etc. : Matrix elements for the morse and coulomb interactions 66 Y. Xu and S. Li : On s¤¡Supplemented Subgroups of Finite Groups 73 C. Tian : Two equations involving the Smarandache LCM dual function 80 W. Zheng and J. Dou : Periodic solutions of impulsive periodic Competitor- Competitor-Mutualist system 86 X. Zhang : On the fourth power mean value of B(Â) 93 Z. Lv : On the F.Smarandache function and its mean val...

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Parapedagogy is the science which studies the techniques of instruction and destruction and the deconfiguration of personality. It is concerned with non goals, discontents, anti principles, methods and disorganization forms of the education. In the misseducation research other disciplines are involved, such as the inhuman anatomy and psychology (especially the mass brain washing), the anti sociology of education which studies the psycho-asocial-anti-cultural medium and its sad influence over the personality. ...

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The parapedagogy definition The parapedagogy is the science which studies the techniques of instruction and destruction and the deconfiguration of personality. It is concerned with non goals, discontents, principles, methods and disorganization forms of the instruction and misseducation. The fundamental research in parapedagogy has the main goal to discover the laws and principles of parapedagogy, to establish an idealistic philosophy of the misseducation guideline in the misprocess of reconfiguration of the inhuman personality. The applicative research is preoccupied with student’s individuality, to detect and develop the inaptitude, anti talents, and the discovery of methods and procedures, which would decrease the school efficiency in its misprocess. In the parapedagogy research other disciplines are involved, such as the inhuman anatomy and psychology (especially the brain washing in mass), the sociology of misseducation which studies the psycho-asocial-anti-cultural medium and its influence over the personality. The historic and dialectic immaterialism constitutes the theoretical and methodological base of the parapedagogy res...

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Table of Discontents .................................5 Chapter 1 – Misseducation and Parapedagogy............... 10 Misseducation and parapedagogy...........................10 The miss concept of misseducation..........................13 Chapter 2 - The parapedagogic research.................. 14 The parapedagogy definition.............................14 The non‐objectives of parapedagogy research......................14 Research methods in parapedagogy..........................14 The biological bases of the psychological under development...............18 The role of the environment in personality disconfiguration................19 The rapport between maturity, learning, under‐development...............19 Chapter 3 - Knowledge about student’s personality .............20 The phases of intellectual under‐development......................20 The miss‐concepts of individual, person and personality..................21 The psychological miss‐concept of personality ......................22 Chapter 4 – Programs of study and characterization ............ 26 The main characteristics ...............................29 CHOLERIC...

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It is the purpose of this book to bring these cultural advantages into more focus, in order to bring into light some ‘human’ aspects of the country, and how these can be integrated into the broader context of economics development. At the end of the day, their achievements cannot be measured by economic progress alone, but also how the people can have the proper sense of meaning (i.e. ‘feel’ at home) in their own homeland, instead of being just another ‘bolt’ in the obsolete industrial engine of economics....

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Jingshan Park: For an extraordinary and unforgettable view of Beijing and the Forbidden City, casually climb the steps to the top of the hill to the Wanchunting (Wanchun Pavilion), which overlooks this small park, directly opposite the North Gate of the Forbidden City. From this playground of Ming and Qing dynasty emperors for almost 500 years, you will be able to get a grasp on the great city that is China’s capital. On Sunday’s choral groups gather in the park to perform amateur Peking Operas, play musical instruments or to sing songs once beloved by the masses....

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Abstract……………3 Foreword……………4 Contents……………6 Chapter 1. Cultural Advantage as an Alternative Framework: An Introduction ‐ by F. Smarandache & V. Christianto……………7 Chapter 2. Beijing: A Cultural Metropolitan – compiled, edited, augmented by Ke Haiying & F. Smarandache…………18 Chapter 3. The City of Hengshui – by Li Zhanbing……………38 Chapter 4. Ningbo — A Culture‐flourishing Land on the Shore of East China Sea – by Lin Rongchen……………53 Chapter 5. Jingdezhen: Porcelain Capital of the World – by Li Xiaomin……………66 Chapter 6. Haimen : Charming City ‐ by Wang Ping & Jiang He……………71 Chapter 7. Changsha: Cultural Name Cards – by Wang Peiyun & Tang Yuming……………82...

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Scientia Magna is published annually in 200-300 pages per volume and 1,000 copies on topics such as mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and linguistics. ...

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x3. Some Observations Some observations about the Pseudo-Smarandache Function are given below : Remark 3.1. Kashihara raised the following questions (see Problem 7 in [1]) : (1) Is there any integer n such that Z(n) > Z(n + 1) > Z(n + 2) > Z(n + 3)? (2) Is there any integer n such that Z(n) < Z(n + 1) < Z(n + 2) < Z(n + 3)? The following examples answer the questions in the affirmative: ...

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A. Majumdar : A note on the Pseudo-Smarandache function 1 S. Gupta : Primes in the Smarandache deconstructive sequence 26 S. Zhang and C. Chen : Recursion formulae for Riemann zeta function and Dirichlet series 31 A. Muktibodh : Smarandache semiquasi near-rings 41 J. Sandor : On exponentially harmonic numbers 44 T. Jayeo. la : Parastrophic invariance of Smarandache quasigroups 48 M. Karama : Perfect powers in Smarandache n-expressions 54 T. Jayeo. la : Palindromic permutations and generalized Smarandache palindromic permutations 65 J. Sandor : On certain inequalities involving the Smarandache function 78 A. Muktibodh : Sequences of pentagonal numbers 81 J. Gao : On the additive analogues of the simple function 88 W. Zhu : On the primitive numbers of power p 92 A. Vyawahare : Smarandache sums of products 96 N. Yuan : On the solutions of an equation involving the Smarandache dual function 104 H. Zhou : An in¯nite series involving the Smarandache power function SP(n) 109...

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La Escuela Neurobiológica Argentino-Germana formó más de 4500 profesionales de la medicina, ciencias naturales y filosofía. Muchos de ellos tienen o tuvieron fuerte militancia sociocultural, de esfuerzos muchas veces antitéticos en lo partidario; efectuaron aportes originales en un tema -la conexión entre psiquismo y cerebro- crítico para las ciencias físiconaturales, la filosofía, la biomedicina y hasta la ética y la política; y desarrollaron conceptos independientes de la ciencia angloestadounidense del área (los allá denominados "consciousness studies"). Mientras Cajal, quien después de estudiar a Hume en Huelva hízose afín a esa línea de pensamiento angloestadounidense y proponía que "Durante el sueño natural o provocado, las ramificaciones nerviosas entrarían en retracción, apartándose de las células e interrumpiendo el paso de las corrientes; en estado de vigilia ocurriría el fenómeno contrario", y mientras que la misma idea en nuestros días se acostumbra suponer realizada a nivel molecular, esta tradición iberoamericana, en particular a resultas de los aportes de Crocco, sostiene que un mecanismo delicadísimo, con base en la ...

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"We shared a chapter explaining work done at the Center for Research Borda Hospital. Except for the specialists, the general public does not know. Based on the investigations of the neurobiological tradition Argentina, so go ahead with investigations of teachers predecessors (including Christofredo Jakob, José T. Borda, Braulio Moyano, Jose Arce, Luis Garabelli Solomon Chichilnisky, Diego Luis Outes, Ramon Santiago and Arturo Carrillo). Historically, national-School neuroscientist thanks to your inquiries and discoveries-has been providing foundations relevant to the appreciation of the human being as such, their dignity and their overall health, thus contributing directly to the possibilities of improving the quality of life of people." ...

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Table of contents / Índice ** Colección de Estudios Iberoamericanos del Nexo Psicofísico - Presentación del Volumen I, 5 ** Prefacio del autor para esta edición, 10 ** La guerra por recuperar "su" puerto - Que narra de donde vino nuestro investigador, 52 ** Bichólogo - Que cuenta los afanes de nuestro investigador en su niñez, 53 ** Haciendo cuentas - Que sugiere medir superficies notando la pérdida de empuje de los líquidos arrojados sobre ellas, 55 ** Encuentro con viejas amigas en donde "no debían" encontrarse - Que indica los límites que impiden al control de las cilias desempeñar funciones psicológicas, límites conservados al formar los sistemas nerviosos, 58 ** El alma en la física - Do vemos que el animismo es impropio para describir cosas sin alma, pero es adecuado para describir espíritus, 63 ** La ciencia se disgrega cuando las disputas políticas meten la cola - O, ¿quién dijo que la ciencia es una sola?, 67 ** Creado en la anglofonía, King Kong rescata las ciencias cautivas de aquel modo de ver - Tanto el monazo como los cerebros son físicamente insostenibles, pero mientras aquel sólo se sostiene en el cine, esto...

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This article seeks to illuminate a commandeering of a design philosophy to serve capitalist property development. It is proposed to contrast various world renowned projects to their Constructivist forerunners highlighting the abandonment of the movement's social ideals for stylistic icon creation. Turning a social philosophy into a capitalist marketing strategy. I believe that little or no attention is being paid to the hallow misappropriation of revolutionary ideas by leading architects....

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About a year ago, the Council of Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) in Chicago selected the Interlace, a luxury housing development in Singapore designed by the Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA), as the inaugural winner of its Urban Habitat Award. The development was cited by the jury for breaking down the preconception of stand-alone icons, for creating a ‘topographical phenomenon’ and was hailed for creatively realizing the model of a ‘tower as a park.’ The Interlace is undoubtedly an impressive structure, however this accomplishment clearly owes much to Constructivist architects whose work was achieved nearly a century earlier and was imbued with social and political philosophy which stands in sharp relief against the vapid commercialist structures aping the design vocabulary of Constructivist architecture....

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Our struggles in this society constrict the flow of our natural thoughts that have led us far away from our divine principles in life as human beings. Our struggles are from within ourselves and in our mind, taunted by social deviations that involve the rules of life in our society today. Facing these struggles are just part of our daily burden to find contentment and self worth in order to be happily accepted in the society that we live on. It is a battle against our mind from within our consciousness to find “contentment” rather that pursue the fabricated joys of social living. This e-book will guide you on how to achieve weight loss without using any kind of supplement whether that be natural or synthetic, but, it does recommend the use of natural organic health supplements to help you in dealing with psychological downsides or mood swings which frequently occur when undergoing a diet program. Remember dear readers, it is all in the mind on how we perceive our understanding of the concept of fulfillment, happiness and contentedness from a simple point of view....

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We always question life and it's purpose and despite of all that we think we have achieved to understand the meaning and purpose of it, we still find it rather hard to contemplate the dynamics and struggle to find a singularity as to how to be content with the never ending chaos that we created in pursuing acceptable answers in why life goes the way it does. Ever since we learned to think and started to question things that concern our existence, we have looked for answers around and within our minds in why we live life with such turmoil despite advancement in improving our selves as human beings. Most important of all, why we behave so irrational when it comes to understanding our fellow human beings. With the dawning of the Age of Reason, human society has been brutalized with war and conflict within the foundation of it's culture. It seems that human beings are easily intimidated by its own kind despite coming from one gene pool. No matter how hard we try to understand ourselves in this society we still lack rationality and may have overlooked the simple meaning of “peace” despite devising ways to fully utilize our mental facu...

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Chapter I Need or Want p4 Chapter II Natural Organic Health Supplements p6 Chapter III The Natural Way to Loose Fats p9 Chapter IV The G.M.O. (Genetically Modified Organisms) Syndrome p11 Chapter V Who We Really Are p13 Chapter VI The Zen of Life p15 Chapter VII Your Health is You're Only Wealth p17 Chapter VIII Things to Come p19 Chapter IX The Ugly Truth p22 Chapter X The Rise and Fall of Two Empires ...

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Scientia Magna is published annually in 200-300 pages per volume and 1,000 copies on topics such as mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and linguistics....

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An identity involving the function ep(n) Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between the Riemann zeta-function and an in¯nite series involving the Smarandache function ep(n) by using the elementary method, and give an interesting identity. Keywords Riemann zeta-function, in¯nite series, identity. x1. Introduction and Results Let p be any fixed prime, n be any positive integer, ep(n) denotes the largest exponent of power p in n. That is, ep(n) = m, if pm j n and pm+1 - n. In problem 68 of [1], Professor F.Smarandache asked us to study the properties of the sequence fep(n)g. About the elementary properties of this function, many scholars have studied it (see reference [2]-[7]), and got some useful results. For examples, Liu Yanni [2] studied the mean value properties of ep(bk(n)), where bk(n) denotes the k-th free part of n, and obtained an interesting mean value formula for it. That is, let p be a prime, k be any fixed positive integer, then for any real number x ¸ 1, we have the asymptotic formula....

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F. Ayatollah, etc. : Some faces of Smarandache semigroups' concept in transformation semigroups' approach 1 G. Feng : On the F.Smarandache LCM function 5 N. Quang and P. Tuan : An extension of Davenport's theorem 9 M. Zhu : On the hybrid power mean of the character sums and the general Kloosterman sums 14 H. Yang and R. Fu : An equation involving the square sum of natural numbers and Smarandache primitive function 18 X. Pan and P. Zhang : An identity involving the Smarandache function ep(n) 26 A.A.K. Majumdar : A note on the Smarandache inversion sequence 30 F. Li : Some Dirichlet series involving special sequences 36 Y. Wang : An asymptotic formula of Sk(n!) 40 S. Gao and Z. Shao : A fuzzy relaxed approach for multi-objective transportation problem 44 J. Li : An infinity series involving the Smarandache-type function 52 B.E. Carvajal-Gamez, etc. : On the Lorentz matrix in terms of Infeld-van der Waerden symbols 56 X. Li : On the mean value of the Smarandache LCM function 58 K. Ran and S. Gao : Ishikawa iterative approximation of fixed points for multi-valued Ástrongly pseudo-contract mappings 63 X. Fan : On the divisi...

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This issue of the journal is devoted to the proceedings of the third International Conference on Number Theory and Smarandache Problems. The conference was a great success and will give a strong impact on the development of number theory in general and Smarandache problems in particular. In this volume we assemble not only those papers which were presented at the conference but also those papers which were submitted later and are concerned with the Smarandache type problems or other mathematical problems. Other papers are concerned with the number-theoretic Smarandache problems and will enrich the already rich stock of results on them. Readers can learn various techniques used in number theory and will get familiar with the beautiful identities and sharp asymptotic formulas obtained in the volume....

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Abstract : Let k be any ¯xed positive integer, n be any positive integer, Sk(n) denotes the smallest positive integer m such that m! is divisible by kn: In this paper, we use the elementary methods to study the asymptotic properties of Sk(n), and give an interesting asymptotic formula for it. Keywords : F. Smarandache problem, primitive numbers, asymptotic formula. ...

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J. Wang : Cube-free integers as sums of two squares 1 G. Liu and H. Li : Recurrences for generalized Euler numbers 9 H. Li and Q. Yang : Some properties of the LCM sequence 14 M. Liu : On the generalization of the primitive number function 18 Z. Lv : On the F. Smarandache LCM function and its mean value 22 Q. Wu : A conjecture involving the F. Smarandache LCM function 26 S. Xue : On the Smarandache dual function 29 N. Yuan : A new arithmetical function and its asymptotic formula 33 A. Muktibodh, etc. : Sequences of pyramidal numbers 39 R. Zhang and S. Ma : An e±cient hybrid genetic algorithm for continuous optimization problems 46 L. Mao : An introduction to Smarandache multi-spaces and mathematical combinatorics 54 M. Selariu : Smarandache stepped functions 81 X. Zhang and Y. Zhang : Sequences of numbers with alternate common di®erences 93 Y. Zhang : On the near pseudo Smarandache function 98 A. Muktibodh : Smarandache mukti-squares 102...

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Scientia Magna is published annually in 200-300 pages per volume and 1,000 copies on topics such as mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and linguistics....

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0. In 1999, the second author of this remarks published a book over 30 of Smarandache's problems in area of elementary number theory (see [1, 2]). After this, we worked over new 20 problems that we collected in our book [28]. These books contain Smarandache's problems, described in [10, 16]. The present paper contains some of the results from [28]. In [16] Florentin Smarandache formulated 105 unsolved problems, while in [10] C.Dumitresu and V. Seleacu formulated 140 unsolved problems of his. The second book contains almost all the problems from [16], but now each problem has unique number and by this reason in [1, 28] and here the authors use the numeration of the problems from [10]. In the text below the following notations are used....

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V. Mladen and T. Krassimir : Remarks on some of the Smarandache's problem. Part 2 1 W. Kandasamy : Smarandache groupoids 27 L. Ding : On the primitive numbers of power P and its mean value properties 36 D. Torres and V. Teca : Consecutive, reversed, mirror, and symmetric Smarandache sequence of triangular numbers 39 D. Ren : On the square-free number sequence 46 T. Ramaraj and N. Kannappa : On ¯nite Smarandache near-rings 49 X. Kang : Some interesting properties of the Smarandache function 52 L. Mao : On Automorphism Groups of Maps, Surfaces and Smarandache Geometries 55 L. Ding : On the mean value of Smarandache ceil function 74 M. Le : An equation concerning the Smarandache function 78 M. Bayat, H. Teimoori and M. Hassani : An extension of ABC-theorem 81 J. Ma : An equation involving the Smarandache function 89 C. Chen : Inequalities for the polygamma functions with application 91 W. Vasantha and M. Chetry : On the number of Smarandache zero-divisors and Smarandache weak zero-divisors in loop rings 96 M. Le : The function equation S(n) = Z(n) 109 Z. Li : On the Smarandache Pseudo-number Sequences 111 D. Mehendale :...

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Scientia Magna is published annually in 200-300 pages per volume and 1,000 copies on topics such as mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and linguistics....

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Smarandache inversion sequence Abstract We study the Smarandache inversion sequence which is a new concept, related sequences, conjectures, properties, and problems. This study was conducted by using (Maple 8){a computer Algebra System. Keywords Smarandache inversion, Smarandache reverse sequence. Introduction In [1], C.Ashbacher, studied the Smarandache reverse sequence: 1; 21; 321; 4321; 54321; 654321; 7654321; 87654321; 987654321; 10987654321; 1110987654321; (1) and he checked the _rst 35 elements and no prime were found. I will study sequence (1), from different point of view than C. Ashbacher. The importance of this sequence is to consider the place value of digits for example the number 1110987654321, to be considered with its digits like this : 11; 10; 9; 8; 7; 6; 5; 4; 3; 2; 1, and so on. (This consideration is the soul of this study because our aim is to study all relations like this (without loss of generality). Definition. The value of the Smarandache Inversions (SI) of a positive integers, is the number of the relations i > j ( i and j are the digits of the positive integer that we concern with it), where i alw...

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M. Karama : Smarandache inversion sequence 1 W. He, D. Cui, Z. Zhao and X. Yan : Global attractivity of a recursive sequence 15 J. Earls : Smarandache reversed slightly excessive numbers 22 X. Ren and H. Zhou : A new structure of super R¤-unipotent semigroups 24 J. Li : An equation involving the Smarandache-type function 31 P. Zhang : An equation involving the function ±k(n) 35 Y. B. Jun : Smarandache fantastic ideals of Smarandache BCI-algebras 40 T. Jayeo. la : On the Universality of some Smarandache loops of Bol-Moufang type 45 W. Kandasamy, M. Khoshnevisan and K. Ilanthenral : Smarandache representation and its applications 59 Y. Wang, X. Ren and S. Ma : The translational hull of superabundant semigroups with semilattice of idempotents 75 M. Bencze : Neutrosophic applications in ¯nance, economics and politics|a continuing bequest of knowledge by an exemplarily innovative mind 81 J. Fu : An equation involving the Smarandache function 83 W. Zhu : The relationship between Sp(n) and Sp(kn) 87 X. Du : On the integer part of the M-th root and the largest M-th power not exceeding N 91 J. Earls : On the ten's complement fa...

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In the volume we assemble not only those papers which were presented at the conference but also those papers which were submitted later and are concerned with the Smarandache type problems. There are a few papers which are not directly related to but should fall within the scope of Smarandache type problems. They are 1. L. Liu and W. Zhou, On conjectures about the class number of binary quadratic forms; 2. W. Liang, An identity for Stirling numbers of the second kind; 3. Y. Wang and Z. Sheng, Two formulas for x^n in terms of Chebyshev polynomials. Other papers are concerned with the number-theoretic Smarandache problems and will enrich the already rich stock of results on them. Readers can learn various techniques used in number theory and will get familiar with the beautiful identities and sharp asymptotic formulas obtained in the volume....

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On Algebraic Multi-Vector Spaces Abstract A Smarandache multi-space is a union of n spaces A1;A2;An with some additional conditions hold. Combining these Smarandache multi-spaces with linear vector spaces in classical linear algebra, the conception of multi-vector spaces is introduced. Some characteristics of multi-vector spaces are obtained in this paper. Keywords Vector, multi-space, multi-vector space, dimension of a space. x1. Introduction These multi-spaces was introduced by Smarandache in under his idea of hybrid mathematics: combining different fields into a unifying field, which can be formally defined with mathematical words by the next definition. ...

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L. Mao : On Algebraic Multi-Vector Spaces 1 L. Liu and W. Zhou : On conjectures concerning class number of binary quadratic forms 7 W. Zhai and H. Liu : On square-free primitive roots mod p 15 X. Pan : A new limit theorem involving the Smarandache LCM sequence 20 M. Le : The Smarandache Perfect Numbers 24 N. Yuan : On the solutions of an equation involving the Smarandache dual function 27 J. Wang : Mean value of a Smarandache-Type Function 31 H. Yang and R. Fu : On the mean value of the Near Pseudo Smarandache Function 35 W. Liang : An Identity of Stirling Numbers of the Second Kind 40 R. Ma : On the F.Smarandache LCM Ratio Sequence 44 L. Mao : On Algebraic Multi-Ring Spaces 48 Y. Han : On the Product of the Square-free Divisor of a Natural Number 55 P. Zhang : Some identities on k-power complement 60 Y. Wang and Z. Sheng : Two Formulas for xn being Represented by Chebyshev Polynomials 64 X. Chen : Two Problems About 2-Power Free Numbers 70 X. Ma : The Asymptotic Formula of P n·x log Pad(n) 72 Q. Tian : On the K-power free number sequence 77 C. Lv : On a generalized equation of Smarandache and its integer sol...

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Scientia Magna is published annually in 200-300 pages per volume and 1,000 copies on topics such as mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and linguistics....

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x1. Introduction The study of Smarandache loops was initiated by W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy in 2002. In her book [19], she defined a Smarandache loop (S-loop) as a loop with at least a subloop which forms a subgroup under the binary operation of the loop. For more on loops and their properties, readers should check [16], [3], [5], [8], [9] and [19]. In her book, she introduced over 75 Smarandache concepts on loops. In her ¯rst paper [20], she introduced Smarandache : left(right) alternative loops, Bol loops, Moufang loops, and Bruck loops. But in this paper, Smarandache : inverse property loops (IPL), weak inverse property loops (WIPL), G-loops, conjugacy closed loops (CC-loop), central loops, extra loops, A-loops, K-loops, Bruck loops, Kikkawa loops, Burn loops and homogeneous loops will be introduced and studied relative to the holomorphs of loops. Interestingly, Adeniran [1] and Robinson [17], Oyebo [15], Chiboka and Solarin [6], Bruck [2], Bruck and Paige [4], Robinson [18], Huthnance [11] and Adeniran [1] have respectively studied the holomorphs of Bol loops, central loops, conjugacy closed loops, inverse property loops, A-loops,...

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T. Jayeo. la : An holomorphic study of the Smarandache concept in loops 1 Z. Xu : Some arithmetical properties of primitive numbers of power p 9 A. Muktibodh : Smarandache Quasigroups 13 M. Le : Two Classes of Smarandache Determinants 20 Y. Shao, X. Zhao and X. Pan : On a Subvariety of + S` 26 T. Kim, C. Adiga and J. Han : A note on q-nanlogue of Sandor's functions 30 Q. Yang : On the mean value of the F. Smarandache simple divisor function 35 Q. Tian : A discussion on a number theoretic function 38 X. Wang : On the mean value of the Smarandache ceil function 42 Y. Wang : Some identities involving the Smarandache ceil function 45 J. Yan, X. Ren and S. Ma : The Structure of principal lters on po-semigroups 50 Y. Lu : F. Smarandache additive k-th power complements 55 M. Le : The Smarandache reverse auto correlated sequences of natural numbers 58 M. Karama : Smarandache partitions 60 L. Mao : On Algebraic Multi-Group Spaces 64 F. Russo : The Smarandache P and S persistence of a prime 71 Y. Lu : On the solutions of an equation involving the Smarandache function 76 H. Ibstedt : A Random Distribution Experiment 80 L. Mao...

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The concept of science and the sciences. Fundamental and historical development in the sciences. Great ideas that revolutionize our scientific world. The story of the cell and Biology. The birth of modern Biology. The rise of the modern University and experimental stations. The cell as the basic building block of life. The origin of life. The development of microbiology and microscopy. The germ theory of diseases, vaccines, and antibiotics. The vector insects and infectious diseases. The virus, viral diseases, and vaccines. The principle of vegetation and the basic requirements of plants. William Harvey, the heart and the circulatory system. Carl Linneaus and the development of modern taxonomy in biology. Charles Darwin and the development of evolution in biology. Gregor Mendel and the development of genetics and the laws of heredity....

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THE GREATEST FUNDAMENTAL INVENTIONS CREATED BY MOTHER NATURE THE ATOM AND ITS CAPACITY TO STORE AND RELEASE UNIVERSAL ENERGY BY MEANS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES THE CELL AND ITS CAPACITY TO SUSTAIN INDEPENDENT LIFE BY MEANS OF UNIQUE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND ITS CAPACITY TO TRANSFORM SOLAR (LIGHT) ENERGY INTO CHEMICAL AND FOOD ENERGY BY MEANS OF BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES LIGHT AND ITS CAPACITY TO TRANSPORT ENERGY AND CHANGE OUR UNIVERSE BY TRANSFORMING DARKNESS INTO LIGHTNESS BY THE MIRACLE OF ILLUMINATION THE PHENOMENON OF ELECTROMAGNETISM AND ITS CAPACITY TO PRODUCE THE DYNAMIC ELECTRIC CURRENT THAT ENERGIZES AND POWERS OUR UNIVERSE AND THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL OF ALL OF NATURE’S INTUITIVE CREATIONS IS THE PROCESS OF UNIVERSAL TRANSFORMATION, WHERE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION TRANSFORM MATTER, ENERGY, SPACE, TIME AND LIFE ITSELF ...

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INTRODUCTION 1 ABSTRACT ON THE CONCEPT OF PERSPECTIVE AND SENSE OF DUTY 4 THE CONCEPT OF SCIENCE 5 FUNDAMENTAL AND HISTORIC DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SCIENCES 7 ABSTRACT ON THE ATOM AND ITS ENERGY 11 GREAT IDEAS THAT REVOLUTIONIZED OUR SCIENTIFIC WORLD 16 DEMOCRITUS (470 - 380 BC) Greek Philosopher 16 NICHOLAS COPERNICUS (1473 - 1543) Polish Astronomer 17 GALILEO GALILEI (1564 - 1642) Italian Mathematician and Astronomer 18 RENE DESCARTES (1596 - 1650) French Mathematician and Philosopher. 19 ISAAC NEWTON (1642 - 1727) English Scientist and Mathematician 20 ANTOINE LAVOISIER (1743 - 1794) French Chemist 23 JOHN DALTON (1766 - 1844) English Chemist 24 JONS J. BERZELIUS (1779 - 1848) Swedish Chemist 25 HUMPHRY DAVY (1778 - 1829) English Chemist 25 AMEDEO AVOGADRO (1776 - 1856) Italian Physicist 26 DMITRI MENDELEEV (1834 - 1907) Russian Chemist 26 FRIEDRICH A. KEKULE (1829 - 1896) German Organic Chemist 27 JACOBUS VAN’T HOFF (1852 - 1911) Dutch Physical Chemist 28 WILLIAM H. WOLLASTON (1766 - 1828) English Chemist and Physicist 28 EDWARD FRANKLAND (1825 - 1899) English Chemist 29 SVANTE A. ARRHENIUS (1859 -...

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The 2000 year history of the atom and chemistry, from the Classic Greek Era to the present, is described in 800 pages, depicted with some 300 pictures and illustrations. This history of the atom and chemistry discusses the lives of about 180 chemists and physicists, through the evolution of several stages of development, representing the most important scientific accomplishments. The most significant discoveries in chemistry and physics are presented chronologically to illustrate their contributions to the creation of the chemical sciences during the last 21 centuries....

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INTRODUCTION It is a genuine pleasure and challenge for me to try to express the full extent of my emotions and reasons for writing this book on the STORY OF THE ATOM AND THE SCIENCES, with special reference to the CHEMICAL SCIENCES. In one sentence, I can distill the essence of the purpose for this study by simply stating that it has been a labor of love that transcended the written word because sentiments and ideas belong in the realm of the ethereal and the philosophical as well as in the domain of LITERATURE and SCIENCE. Ever since a young and impressionable student attending a country school in a community of a few hundred people, began to be introduced to the world of knowledge over 65 years ago, the sciences became to me what water is to fish, air is to birds and earth is to humanity. The introduction to the mathematical, physical, chemical and biological sciences felt like reading a beautiful poem or listening to a romantic melody. In essence, it was truly a joyful experience, full of the enigmatic, the mysterious and the fantastic, beyond my wildest imagination. The words used in the title of this book, were car...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 THE STORY OF THE ATOM AND CHEMISTRY 7 THE CAVE MAN 7 ABSTRACT ON THE CONCEPT OF PERSPECTIVE AND SENSE OF DUTY 8 THE MIGRATORY AND THE SEDENTARY MAN 9 ABSTRACT ON THE ATOM AND ITS ENERGY 11 THE CLASSIC GREEK AND ROMAN PHILOSOPHERS 17 EMPEDOCLES (492-432 BC) Greek Philosopher 20 Proposed the four basic elements: earth, water, air and fire. DEMOCRITUS (470-380 BC) Greek Philosopher 22 The founder of the atomic theory of antiquity. CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY (100-170) Greek Astronomer 24 Proponent of the geocentric theory of our solar system with the Earth and not the Sun at its center. ABSTRACT ON THE GENESIS OF AN ORDERLY AND SYSTEMATIC UNIVERSE 25 THE ALCHEMY OF ANTIQUITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES 32 THE METAL INDUSTRY OF ANTIQUITY 33 Mercury, Copper, Bronze, Iron and Steel. GEBER (721-815) Arabian Alchemist 38 One of the first scholars and alchemists of the Islamic world. OMAR KHAYYAM (12th Century). Persian Scientist and Astronomer 38 Brilliant astronomer and alchemist of the 12th Century. BERNARDO TREVISAN (1406 -1490) Italian Alchemist 39 One of the most famous alchemists of th...

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The fourth volume, in my book series of “Collected Papers”, includes 100 published and unpublished articles, notes, (preliminary) drafts containing just ideas to be further investigated, scientific souvenirs, scientific blogs, project proposals, small experiments, solved and unsolved problems and conjectures, updated or alternative versions of previous papers, short or long humanistic essays, letters to the editors...

Excerpt Details
This short technical paper advocates a bootstrapping algorithm from which we can form a statistically reliable opinion based on limited clinically observed data, regarding whether an osteo-hyperplasia could actually be a case of Ewing’s osteosarcoma. The basic premise underlying our methodology is that a primary bone tumour, if it is indeed Ewing’s osteosarcoma, cannot increase in volume beyond some critical limit without showing metastasis. We propose a statistical method to extrapolate such critical limit to primary tumour volume. Our model does not involve any physiological variables but rather is entirely based on time series observations of increase in primary tumour volume from the point of initial detection to the actual detection of metastases....

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Collected Eclectic Ideas - preface by the author.............................3 Contents....................................................6 ASTRONOMY..................................14 1. First Lunar Space Base, project proposal, by V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache..15 2. On Recent Discovery of New Planetoids in the Solar System and Quantization of Celestial System, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache..................28 3. Open and Solved Elementary Questions in Astronomy, by Florentin Smarandache.. 36 BIOLOGY......................................40 4. Statistical Modeling of Primary Ewing Tumors of the Bone, by Sreepurna Malakar, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, in in , Vol. 3, No. JJ05, 81-88, 2005................41 CALCULUS....................................53 5. A Triple Inequality with Series and Improper Integrals, by Florentin Smarandache, in Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 25E, No. 1, 215-217, 2006.........54 6. Immediate Calculation of Some Poisson Type Integrals Using SuperMathematics Circular Ex-Centric Functions, by Florentin Smarandache & Mircea Eugen................................

Description Details
The fourth volume, in my book series of “Collected Papers”, includes 100 published and unpublished articles, notes, (preliminary) drafts containing just ideas to be further investigated, scientific souvenirs, scientific blogs, project proposals, small experiments, solved and unsolved problems and conjectures, updated or alternative versions of previous papers, short or long humanistic essays, letters to the editors...

Excerpt Details
This short technical paper advocates a bootstrapping algorithm from which we can form a statistically reliable opinion based on limited clinically observed data, regarding whether an osteo-hyperplasia could actually be a case of Ewing’s osteosarcoma. The basic premise underlying our methodology is that a primary bone tumour, if it is indeed Ewing’s osteosarcoma, cannot increase in volume beyond some critical limit without showing metastasis. We propose a statistical method to extrapolate such critical limit to primary tumour volume. Our model does not involve any physiological variables but rather is entirely based on time series observations of increase in primary tumour volume from the point of initial detection to the actual detection of metastases....

Table of Contents Details
Collected Eclectic Ideas - preface by the author.............................3 Contents....................................................6 ASTRONOMY..................................14 1. First Lunar Space Base, project proposal, by V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache..15 2. On Recent Discovery of New Planetoids in the Solar System and Quantization of Celestial System, by V. Christianto, F. Smarandache..................28 3. Open and Solved Elementary Questions in Astronomy, by Florentin Smarandache.. 36 BIOLOGY......................................40 4. Statistical Modeling of Primary Ewing Tumors of the Bone, by Sreepurna Malakar, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, in in , Vol. 3, No. JJ05, 81-88, 2005................41 CALCULUS....................................53 5. A Triple Inequality with Series and Improper Integrals, by Florentin Smarandache, in Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 25E, No. 1, 215-217, 2006.........54 6. Immediate Calculation of Some Poisson Type Integrals Using SuperMathematics Circular Ex-Centric Functions, by Florentin Smarandache & Mircea Eugen................................