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Methods of dealing with diet, health, pain, overweight, fatigue, etc., based on the methodology of Chinese traditional herbal medicine.

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"Most of us do not understand the causes of pain, which are complex. The Chinese herbalists can explain the causes." "Obesity is a new word. Obesity is more than overweight alone. It relates to sugar imbalance and is a warning of other undetected diseases. Obesity is a measure of the malfunction and imbalance of internal organs."...

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ON DIET AND A HEALTHY LIFE by Dr. Johannes Liu Table of Contents Chapter 1 ON DIET AND A HEALTHY LIFE................................................1-1 Physical Characteristics of Human Being ............................................1-1 Diet ...............................................................................1-1 Geophysical ........................................................................1-2 Characteristics of Yang Heat, Yin Heat and Hidden heat .............................1-3 Reality of Health, and "Kidney" ....................................................1-4 Chapter 2 On "Chi" .................................................................2-1 We face the "imbalance" of "kidney" ................................................2-1 The Effects of "Chi" or "kidney' ...................................................2-1 Strengthen the "Chi" ...............................................................2-2 Acupressure lllustration ...........................................................2-2 Chapter 3 On Pain ..................................................................3-1 Six Related Cau...

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Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex, which include: M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. bovis BCG, M. africanum, M. microti, M. canetti, M. pinipedii, M. caprae and M. mungi [1]. Other Tuberculosise that may infect humans include: M. leprae, M. avium, M. intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum. M. tuberculosis is an aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacillus. It belongs to the family Tuberculosisceae [2]. M. tuberculosis is pathogenic for humans while M. bovis is usually pathogenic for animals. Once infected, active disease develops in about 10% of cases, usually within 1 - 2 years after exposure. The remaining individuals enter into a state of latency which can reactivate at a later stage particularly if the individual becomes immunocompromised [3]. Active TB is predominantly pulmonary in nature and develops in 59% of cases, while extrapulmonary TB occurs in the rest. Latent TB infection has no clinical manifestations and is not contagious, but can reactivate at a later stage, particularly if the immunity of the host decreases significantly [3,4]. Immunocompromised patients ...

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This book, ‘INTERNAL ARMED CONFLICT: International Legal Framework Concerning Women and Children’, seeks to assess the application of customs and laws governing the internal armed conflict. This handbook presents an overview of various international instruments for the protection of women and children. By preventing the transcending of conflicts into brutality and savagery, the law of armed conflict aids the restoration of peace and the resumption of friendly relations. Women and children are opined to be accorded special respect and protection. Most of today’s conflicts take place within states. They have tragic feature in common, women and children suffer their impact disproportionately. The concept of children’s rights has widened and the international mandate to reinforce the rights of the child has grown over the years, with the mounting evidence of hardship and abuse suffered by the children. The principles outlined in the international human rights framework apply both to children and adults. Children and women are mentioned explicitly in many of the human rights instruments; standards are specifically modified o...

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Easy and simple step-by-step solutions to stop persistent hassles from creditors, windebt lawsuits through dismissal, and clean up your credit reports and scredit scores. Learn how credit card companies ruin you financially - on purpose, improve your cash flow, get financial help, and protect your current job. This 348-page pdf book zip file also includes: 27 forms you can personalize, over 200 pages deal with how to handle debt collectors and get lawsuits dismissed (including the complete paperwork for 3 lawsuits), and an amazing extensive list of important contact information. This is a "pay it forward" project by a professional writer and researcher to help others, using her own experience and research. The complete book with editable forms can be downloaded at www.beatyourcreditors.com....

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Part 1: Protecting Your Credit Introduction Chapter 1: Credit Card Companies – Not Your Friends Chapter 2: Third Party Collection Agencies – Watch Out! Chapter 3: Medical Debt Chapter 4: The Court System and Attorneys Chapter 5: Lawsuits – You Can Win! Chapter 6: The Big Three – Credit Reporting Agencies Appendix A: Important Contact Information Appendix B: Sample – Difficult District Court Filing and Responses Part 2: Surviving the Hard Times Chapter 7: Protecting Your Job Chapter 8: Better Handling of Your Money Chapter 9: Pay Down Your Debt – It’s Easier Than You Think Chapter 10: Spend Less and Save More Chapter 11: Bring in Extra Money Chapter 12: Extra Help – Government Chapter 13: Extra Help – Charities, Churches and Your Community Chapter 14: Extra Help – Veterans Only! Part 3: Forms 27 forms that can be edited and personalized...

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Aunque la evolución de la delincuencia y la desviación responde a la dinámica de los acontecimientos sociales, económicos y políticos a nivel global, es posible que la criminología tenga un impacto positivo en este campo. Para lograr esta meta, será necesario desarrollar los cursos interdisciplinarios en criminología y justicia penal alrededor del mundo, adoptar programas y políticas basados en la recopilación y evaluación sistemática de evidencias, y convertirnos en criminólogos efectivos – no solamente en el ámbito científico, sino también en el mundo político. Actualmente, la criminología no es una disciplina madura y no estamos seguros sobre cómo responder al problema de la delincuencia. Carecemos de instrumentos de diagnóstico preciso, de un cuerpo de conocimientos definitivos, de una comprensión de causas y efectos, y de una serie de modalidades de tratamiento generalmente consistentes. En este sentido, los criminólogos se parecen en algo a los médicos del Siglo XVIII....

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This article suggests that while crime and deviance are subject to the dynamics of global socio-economic-political events, the field of criminology can have a marked, positive impact in this realm. To achieve this end, there is a need to advance interdisciplinary criminology/criminal justice education, to embrace systematic, evidence based program and policy evaluation, and to become effective political as well as scientific criminologists. Criminology is not a mature science at this point, and we are not certain how to systematically respond to the crime problem. We lack accurate diagnostic instruments, a definitive body of knowledge, an understanding of cause and effect, and we do not possess a series of generally consistent treatment modalities. In this context, criminologists are somewhat akin to physicians of the 18th century....

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A book on the contrasts between the eastern Asian culture versus the western culture on topics such as education, medicine, science, and politics.

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Is oriental culture a kind of science? There lies a crucial difference in that Western science seeks the exterior solutions outside the heart. However, our ancient sages illustrated that humans are an integral part of the universe, and all the phenomena never skip out of the heart. And very fortunately, many wise men did succeed in cultivating their hearts to testify to the profound truth. So our Eastern classics focus on our inner cultivation. However people, including the overwhelming majority of the Chinese, would regard such education as being an extra (to life or science). Please contact the corresponding Taiwan or Singapore websites, where there are plenty of English versions of texts and videos of Buddhism, to request the standard translation. “What is Dao (Tao)? It is the natural principle all over the universe, the natural order, the essentiality of nature. The great universe has its order and rule, where the education of ancient sages roots. Education stems from here, and a human being has to obey the natural principle –Dao. In our Chinese notion of the integral of humans and nature; heaven, earth and human are...

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On the Cultural Contrast: East-West, preface by F. Liu .……………………………….4 Abstract by the Translator to the Chinese Translation of Neutrosophics………………12 Preface by the Translator to the Chinese Translation of Neutrosophics………………13 Biography of the Translator…………………………………………………………….18 Publication Review by F. Liu…………………………………………………………22 Annotation in the Chinese Translation of Neutrosophics………………………………27 Neutrosophic Dialogues………………………………………………………………51 Absolute Truth……………………………………………………………………………68 Science, Destiny, and Buddhism……………………………………………………….…79 Call for Papers…………………………………………………………………………….94 Neutrosophy and Dialectic, postface by Anthony Mansueto.…………………………….95...

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We have used the 2-adaptive fuzzy model having the two fuzzy models, fuzzy matrices model and BAMs viz. model to analyze the views of public about HIV/ AIDS disease, patient and the awareness program. This book has five chapters and 6 appendices. The first chapter just recalls the definition of four fuzzy models used in this book and gives illustration of some of them. Chapter two introduces the new n-adaptive fuzzy models. Chapter three uses for the first time 2 adaptive fuzzy models to study psychological and sociological problems about HIV/AIDS. Chapter four gives an outline of the interviews. Chapter five gives the suggestions and conclusion based on our study. Of the 6 appendices four of them are C-program made to make the working of the fuzzy model simple....

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In this chapter for the first time we introduce the new class of n-adaptive fuzzy models (n a positive integer and n ≥ 2) and illustrate it. These n-adaptive fuzzy models can analyze a problem using different models so one can get in one case the hidden pattern, in one case the maximum time period in some case output state vector for a given input vector and so on. So this new model has the capacity to analyze the problem in different angles, which can give multiple suggestions and solutions about the problem. This chapter has two sections. Section one defines the new model gives illustrations and section two defines some special n-adaptive models and proposes some problems....

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Chapter One SOME BASIC FUZZY MODELS WITH ILLUSTRATIONS 1.1 Fuzzy matrices and their applications 9 1.2 Definition and illustration of Fuzzy Relational Maps (FRMs) 16 1.3 Some basic concepts of BAM with illustration 20 1.3.1 Some basic concepts of BAM 22 1.3.2 Use of BAM Model to study the cause of vulnerability to HIV/AIDS and factors for migration 28 1.4 Introduction to Fuzzy Associative Memories (FAM) 35 Chapter Two ON A NEW CLASS OF N-ADAPTIVE FUZZY MODELS WITH ILLUSTRATIONS 2.1 On a new class of n-adaptive fuzzy models with illustrations 39 2.2 Some special n-adaptive models 49 Chapter Three USE OF 2-ADAPTIVE FUZZY MODEL TO ANALYZE THE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF HIV/AIDS 3.1 Study of the psychological and social problems the public have about HIV/AIDS patients using CETD matrix 52 3.2 Use of 2 adaptive fuzzy model to analyze the problem 72 Chapter Four PUBLIC ATTITUDE AND AWARENESS ABOUT HIV/AIDS 4.1 Introduction 77 4.2 Interviews 81 Chapter Five CONCLUSIONS 167 Appendix 1. Questionnaire 177 2. Table of Statistics 191 3. C-program for CETD and RTD Matrix 198 4. C-program for FRM 202 5. C-program for CFRM 2...

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The new concept of fuzzy interval matrices has been introduced in this book for the first time. The authors have not only introduced the notion of fuzzy interval matrices, interval neutrosophic matrices and fuzzy neutrosophic interval matrices but have also demonstrated some of its applications when the data under study is an unsupervised one and when several experts analyze the problem....

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1.2 Definition of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps In this section we recall the notion of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs), which was introduced by Bart Kosko in the year 1986. We also give several of its interrelated definitions. FCMs have a major role to play mainly when the data concerned is an unsupervised one. Further this method is most simple and an effective one as it can analyse the data by directed graphs and connection matrices. DEFINITION 1.2.1: An FCM is a directed graph with concepts like policies, events etc. as nodes and causalities as edges. It represents causal relationship between concepts. Example 1.2.1: In Tamil Nadu (a southern state in India) in the last decade several new engineering colleges have been approved and started. The resultant increase in the production of engineering graduates in these years is disproportionate with the need of engineering graduates. ...

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Dedication 5 Preface 6 Chapter One BASIC CONCEPTS 1.1 Definition of Interval Matrices and Examples 8 1.2 Definition of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps 9 1.3 An Introduction to Neutrosophy 13 1.4 Some Basic Neutrosophic Structures 16 1.5 Some Basic Notions about Neutrosophic Graphs 22 1.6 On Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps with Examples 28 1.7 Definition and Illustration of Fuzzy Relational Maps (FRMs) 33 1.8 Introduction to Fuzzy Associative Memories 40 1.9 Some Basic Concepts of BAM 43 1.10 Properties of Fuzzy Relations and FREs 49 1.11 Binary Neutrosophic Relations and their Properties 56 Chapter Two INTRODUCTION TO FUZZY INTERVAL MATRICES AND NEUTROSOPHIC INTERVAL MATRICES AND THEIR GENERALIZATIONS 2.1 Fuzzy Interval Matrices 68 2.2 Interval Bimatrices and their Generalizations 76 2.3 Neutrosophic Interval Matrices and their Generalizations 92 Chapter Three FUZZY MODELS AND NEUTROSOPHIC MODELS USING FUZZY INTERVAL MATRICES AND NEUTROSOPHIC INTERVAL MATRICES 3.1 Description of FCIMs Model 118 3.2 Description and Illustration of FRIM Model 129 3.3 Description of FCIBM model and its Generalization 139 3.4 FRIBM model and i...

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Our struggles in this society constrict the flow of our natural thoughts that have led us far away from our divine principles in life as human beings. Our struggles are from within ourselves and in our mind, taunted by social deviations that involve the rules of life in our society today. Facing these struggles are just part of our daily burden to find contentment and self worth in order to be happily accepted in the society that we live on. It is a battle against our mind from within our consciousness to find “contentment” rather that pursue the fabricated joys of social living. This e-book will guide you on how to achieve weight loss without using any kind of supplement whether that be natural or synthetic, but, it does recommend the use of natural organic health supplements to help you in dealing with psychological downsides or mood swings which frequently occur when undergoing a diet program. Remember dear readers, it is all in the mind on how we perceive our understanding of the concept of fulfillment, happiness and contentedness from a simple point of view....

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We always question life and it's purpose and despite of all that we think we have achieved to understand the meaning and purpose of it, we still find it rather hard to contemplate the dynamics and struggle to find a singularity as to how to be content with the never ending chaos that we created in pursuing acceptable answers in why life goes the way it does. Ever since we learned to think and started to question things that concern our existence, we have looked for answers around and within our minds in why we live life with such turmoil despite advancement in improving our selves as human beings. Most important of all, why we behave so irrational when it comes to understanding our fellow human beings. With the dawning of the Age of Reason, human society has been brutalized with war and conflict within the foundation of it's culture. It seems that human beings are easily intimidated by its own kind despite coming from one gene pool. No matter how hard we try to understand ourselves in this society we still lack rationality and may have overlooked the simple meaning of “peace” despite devising ways to fully utilize our mental facu...

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Chapter I Need or Want p4 Chapter II Natural Organic Health Supplements p6 Chapter III The Natural Way to Loose Fats p9 Chapter IV The G.M.O. (Genetically Modified Organisms) Syndrome p11 Chapter V Who We Really Are p13 Chapter VI The Zen of Life p15 Chapter VII Your Health is You're Only Wealth p17 Chapter VIII Things to Come p19 Chapter IX The Ugly Truth p22 Chapter X The Rise and Fall of Two Empires ...

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Applications demonstrate the power of the DSmT framework. In this third Volume, DSmT is applied to the entire spectrum of the Information Fusion that would interest any reader in data, sensor, information, and mathematical fusion topics. Highlighted in Figure 1 are the contemporary issues that include the links between (1) data conditioning and information management, (2) combined situation and impact assessment, and (2) knowledge representation between machine processing and user coordination. Various applications leverage DSmT “Advances” listed above along with DSmH (hybrid), DSmP (Probabilistic), and DSmT theoretical insights. The third volume attacks these application issues of coordination between the “levels” of information fusion....

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Part I Advances on DSmT 1 Chapter 1 An introduction to DSmT 3 by J. Dezert and F. Smarandache 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2 Foundations of DSmT . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2.1 The power set, hyper-power set and super-power set . . 6 1.2.2 Notion of free and hybrid DSm models . . . . 18 1.2.3 Generalized belief functions . . . . . . 20 1.2.4 The classic DSm rule of combination . . . . . 21 1.2.5 The hybrid DSm rule of combination . . . . . 22 1.2.6 Examples of combination rules . . . . . . 24 1.2.7 Fusion of imprecise beliefs . . . . . . 29 1.3 Proportional Conflict Redistribution rule . . . . . 33 1.3.1 PCR formulas . . . . . . . . . 34 1.3.2 Examples . . . . . . . . . 35 1.3.3 Zadeh’s example . . . . . . . . 39 1.4 Uniform and partially uniform redistribution rules . . . 41 1.5 RSC Fusion rules . . . . . . . . . 43 1.6 The generalized pignistic transformation (GPT) . . . . 45 1.6.1 The classical pignistic transformation . . . . 45 1.6.2 Notion of DSmcardinality . . . . . . 46 1.6.3 The Generalized Pignistic Transformation . . . 47 1.7 The DSmP transformation . . . . . . . 48 1.7.1 The Probabilistic In...

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It is the argument of this paper that the Canadian government has not yet achieved its goals of women’s equality, elimination of child poverty and optimal national productivity due to an oversight in social policy that neglects the unpaid caregiving sector. The care of the sick, elderly, handicapped, dying and the young has been historically a female role and as women have moved into paid labor, this role has been devalued creating barriers both to those who try to juggle career and family and to those who for a time prioritize the caregiving side, with serious financial and social penalties. Arguments are noted from sociology, health, economics and feminist theory to support the claim that recognition of the care sector is a vital step to achieving equality and ‘best interests’ goals. The present justification for one-sided support of the care sector, focusing only on paid care is analyzed for its lapses in logic, its negatives stereotyping of the unpaid role and its motivations which may undermine the goals it seeks to achieve....

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Up to 50% of our taxes & insurance premiums go to cover ‘lifestyle’ activities. Lifestyle is therefore the largest category of discretionary spending with the potential of reducing our costs by up to this same 50%. Lifestyle is also a far more accurate predicator of our future health care needs and social service requirements. This allows lifestyle to provide the best measure of planning & forecast over today’s ‘comparison shopping’ models. ROOPA highlights the number of savings and other advantages gained from this dual track of lifestyle and its corresponding social costs models. “The ‘social cost’ of obesity averages around $150 billion a year. This comes to about 10 cents per item (of junk food). Every soda pop, hamburger and candy bar will now have this 10 cent premium. The more soda you drink, the more you have already paid into your own health coverage for obesity. It’s the most affordable ‘pay as you go’ insurance plan. It cost a dime.”...

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Contents RAGHU-NOMICS 4 1 ROOPA II 1 Health Care Reform Made Easy: Social Cost 1 Editors Copy 2 Prospectus 3 The 4 page ROOPA Pamphlet used for campaign run for Congress. 5 Raghu Giuffre for Congress 5 ROOPA: 5 50% of Taxes & Insurance Spent on Life Style 5 Excerpt: 5 Part I: 5 Part II: Solution: Pricing Social Costs 6 Insurance: Market Based Social Cost 6 Part III: $4 Trillion in Savings 7 Demo 2: Smoking Current Tobacco Policy: 7 ROOPA: Better Service for 50% Less 7 Captions 9 Virtue & Moral Posturing 9 Bi-partisan Policy 10 Tobacco 11 Tax Reform 11 Republican Tax Policy 11 Illicit Sex 12 Section I 20 ROOPA Theology 20 ROOPA Theology 21 Greater the Vice; Greater the Price 21 Economic Democracy 21 Premise 21 Net Result 22 Benefit 22 Advantage 22 End Result 22 Example 22 The Difference: Greater Cooperation 23 Public Policy Formula 23 True Free Market 24 Economic Democracy 25 Cost: $3.00 26 How to Start? 26 The ROOPA Coalition 27 Law Suits or ROOPA 27 Section II 28 Introduction 28 The ROOPA Journey 30 The Abyss of Political Activism & the Reforms Discovered 30 Section III 42 ROO...

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“I like the idea of mental synthesis very much ... I quite agree that language evolved in a way that facilitates synthesis and transmission of the synthesized mental image. ... I don't think there can be much doubt, purely conceptually, that language was a late arrival. Whatever mutation provided the key to it would have had no selectional advantage at all, and would have just been a useless “organ,” if it could not have linked up to pre-existing thought systems.” —NOAM CHOMSKY, Professor Emeritus of Linguistics, MIT “Boston University’s Andrey Vyshedskiy brings a neuroscientist’s perspective to the discussion of human mental history in On the Origin of the Human Mind.” —Scientific American Mind (July 2009) “I found the Mental Synthesis theory stimulating and provocative. The author puts forward an explanation for the evolution of the human mind based on predator detection that led to increased visual mental analysis which set the stage for visual mental syntheses. The author presents an impressive array of recent research on the brain with up to date references that are highly relevant to his case and the origin of mi...

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Introduction While studying the neuroscience of consciousness, I was struck with certain facts about mental imagery that seemed to shed some light on the process of the evolution of the human mind. The origin of the human mind remains one of the greatest mysteries of all times. The last 150 years, since Charles Darwin proposed that species evolve under the influence of natural selection (Darwin C, 1859), have been marked by great discoveries. Molecular biology described the genetic principles underlying species evolution and identified specific changes in the human genome since our lineage split off from the chimpanzee line about six million years ago (Somel M, 2013). Great paleontological discoveries have filled that span of six million years of human evolution with a number of intermediate species that display both human- and ape-like characteristics. However, the discussion of the evolution of the human intellect and specific forces that shaped the underlying brain evolution is as vigorous today as it was in Darwin’s times. At the center of the predicament about the origin of the human mind lies the question of human uniqu...

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Introduction 1 Part 1. Neuroscience of imagination 5 Chapter 1. Object encoding in the brain 6 Chapter 2. Neuronal synchronization 26 Chapter 3. Imagining new objects 32 Chapter 4. External manifestations of mental synthesis 39 Chapter 5. Humans versus animals 80 Chapter 6: Overall Discussion of Part 1 108 Part 2. Evolution of the Human Mind 135 Chapter 7. Introduction: a quick guide to paleoanthropology 136 Chapter 8. Cognitive evolution through the prism of paleontological evidence 160 Chapter 9. Evolutionary pressure drives better predator detection 191 Chapter 10. Overall Discussion of Part 2 219 Part 3. The “last” mutation 254 Chapter 11. The role of the prefrontal cortex in the process of mental synthesis 256 Chapter 12. Evolution of the prefrontal cortex 277 Conclusions 327 A wish list of experiments 339 Appendix 367 Acknowledgments 400 Bibliography 401 Illustrations credits 428 About the author 430 ...

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On preservation of the Western rights, freedoms and quality of life in 21st century and beyond

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Systemic approach to life of the highly cultured people provides them with higher level of happiness simply because their lives are better organized, risks are covered, reserves are maintained, dangers avoided, contacts established and so on so forth. Culture is not something that comes only with DNA, but genetic pre-disposition towards culture exists without doubt. Otherwise there would be no examples of people raising themselves above the scum they were born in and reaching high levels of society. Understanding of the elements of high culture, its systemic approach to organizing one’s life, can be practiced by virtually everybody. One just needs to want to elevate themselves and work towards that goal, which may involve getting better training and education, moving to a different neighborhood, getting a different job, spending time on more important things rather than on leisure, quitting drinking and smoking, refusing drugs, taking care of health, concentrating on the upbringing of the children and helping them in their adult life, babysitting grand-children, watching over quality of food supply and keeping the family ...

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Table of Contents Introduction iii Table of Contents iv About this book ix Who should not read this book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Who is this book for? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Response to our critics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x About the authors xiii I What do we want to preserve and why? 1 1 Foreword 3 2 Measuring the quality of life 5 2.1 Individual happiness and self-fulfillment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 Individual rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.3 Social harmony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 Checks and balances 11 3.1 Acceptable personal risk and responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4 What is worth to fight for? 15 4.1 Security of the person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.2 Personal and societal wealth . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

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What this Book is About There is a commonly held view that the incidence and scale of disasters is increasing in the modern world although some disagreement on whether the incidence of events, such as Tsunamis, earthquakes, fires, floods etc., that can give rise to disasters is increasing. The view is understandable, both population and their built environment are increasing so more is at risk and this trend of increased risk will continue while populations continue to rise. As the World Bank Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) enumerates this: ‘Natural disasters are becoming more costly: in constant dollars, disaster costs between 1990 and 1999 were more than 15 times higher ($652 billion in material losses) than they were between 1950 and 1959 ($38 billion at 1998 values) The human cost is also high: over the 1984–2003 period, more than 4.1 billion people were affected by natural disasters. The number affected has grown, from 1.6 billion in the first half of that period (1984–93) to almost 2.6 billion in the second half (1994-2003), and has continued to increase. Although disasters caused by natural events occur throughout...

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List of figures, table & Abbreviations ix Acknowledgements x What this Book is About 1 Chapter 1 - Key Concepts 7 Disaster Risk Reduction 7 Risk 10 Fast and Slow Onset Disasters 11 Resilience 12 Systems Thinking 13 Self-organising Systems 18 A System for Disaster Risk Reduction 21 Evaluation of Natural Disasters 22 Chapter 2 –Components of Disasters and NRM 27 Economic Analysis – Five Forms of Capital 27 The Significance of Context 31 Ecosystems Functional Analysis ...

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The 2000 year history of the atom and chemistry, from the Classic Greek Era to the present, is described in 800 pages, depicted with some 300 pictures and illustrations. This history of the atom and chemistry discusses the lives of about 180 chemists and physicists, through the evolution of several stages of development, representing the most important scientific accomplishments. The most significant discoveries in chemistry and physics are presented chronologically to illustrate their contributions to the creation of the chemical sciences during the last 21 centuries....

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INTRODUCTION It is a genuine pleasure and challenge for me to try to express the full extent of my emotions and reasons for writing this book on the STORY OF THE ATOM AND THE SCIENCES, with special reference to the CHEMICAL SCIENCES. In one sentence, I can distill the essence of the purpose for this study by simply stating that it has been a labor of love that transcended the written word because sentiments and ideas belong in the realm of the ethereal and the philosophical as well as in the domain of LITERATURE and SCIENCE. Ever since a young and impressionable student attending a country school in a community of a few hundred people, began to be introduced to the world of knowledge over 65 years ago, the sciences became to me what water is to fish, air is to birds and earth is to humanity. The introduction to the mathematical, physical, chemical and biological sciences felt like reading a beautiful poem or listening to a romantic melody. In essence, it was truly a joyful experience, full of the enigmatic, the mysterious and the fantastic, beyond my wildest imagination. The words used in the title of this book, were car...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 THE STORY OF THE ATOM AND CHEMISTRY 7 THE CAVE MAN 7 ABSTRACT ON THE CONCEPT OF PERSPECTIVE AND SENSE OF DUTY 8 THE MIGRATORY AND THE SEDENTARY MAN 9 ABSTRACT ON THE ATOM AND ITS ENERGY 11 THE CLASSIC GREEK AND ROMAN PHILOSOPHERS 17 EMPEDOCLES (492-432 BC) Greek Philosopher 20 Proposed the four basic elements: earth, water, air and fire. DEMOCRITUS (470-380 BC) Greek Philosopher 22 The founder of the atomic theory of antiquity. CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY (100-170) Greek Astronomer 24 Proponent of the geocentric theory of our solar system with the Earth and not the Sun at its center. ABSTRACT ON THE GENESIS OF AN ORDERLY AND SYSTEMATIC UNIVERSE 25 THE ALCHEMY OF ANTIQUITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES 32 THE METAL INDUSTRY OF ANTIQUITY 33 Mercury, Copper, Bronze, Iron and Steel. GEBER (721-815) Arabian Alchemist 38 One of the first scholars and alchemists of the Islamic world. OMAR KHAYYAM (12th Century). Persian Scientist and Astronomer 38 Brilliant astronomer and alchemist of the 12th Century. BERNARDO TREVISAN (1406 -1490) Italian Alchemist 39 One of the most famous alchemists of th...