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This study argues that certain actions of the Air Force, taken together, will go a long way toward enabling war fighters to plan and execute cyber tasks, apply cyber capabilities, and integrate operations in cyberspace with military capabilities executed in the traditional war-fighting domains....

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My intent in this book is to help overloaded researchers get started in their quest for good sources on airpower.

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PART 1 Biographies and Autobiographies 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 2 THE AIRMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Mason M. Patrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 William “Billy” Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Benjamin D. Foulois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Oscar M. Westover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Clarence L. Tinker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 William A. Moffett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 John H. Towers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Henry H. “Hap” Arnold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Warner Robins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Claire L. Chennault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 James H. “Jimmy” Doolittle . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Ira C. Eaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Carl A. Spaatz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Laurence S. Kuter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 George C. Kenney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Donald Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Kenneth N. Walker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Haywoo...

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This book examines the role that theater-level commanders in the UN and NATO played in influencing the use of airpower over Bosnia between the spring of 1993 and the end of 1995. It also uncovers factors explaining why top UN and NATO commanders in the region acted as they did. The central thesis of this study is that the commanders’ needs to balance the various responsibilities inherent in command powerfully affected their actions when they tried to influence the use of airpower....

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1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 2 MILITARY INFLUENCE ON THE USE OF AIRPOWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3 BACKGROUND ON THE USE OF AIRPOWER IN BOSNIA: 1992–APRIL 1993 . . . . . . . . . .57 4 NATO AIR SUPPORT AND AIR STRIKES: MAY–DECEMBER 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 5 AIRPOWER THREATS, USES, AND DISAPPOINTMENTS: JANUARY–JUNE 1994 . .115 6 COMPETING MISSIONS AND DEMANDS FOR FORCE PROTECTION: AUGUST–DECEMBER 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 7 PAVING THE WAY TO ENFORCEMENT: JANUARY–JUNE 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203 8 SREBRENICA AND THE DECISIONS TO USE AIRPOWER: JULY–AUGUST 1995 . . 245 9 DELIBERATE FORCE: AUGUST–SEPTEMBER 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 10 CONCLUSIONS: MILITARY INFLUENCE ON AIRPOWER IN BOSNIA . . . . . . . . . . . . 313...

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1 -NO. 3 WING ROYAL NAVAL AIR SERVICE (JULY 1916-MAY 1917) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2 BRITISH BOMBING BEGINS . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Notes . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 3 41ST WING ROYAL FLYING CORPS (JUNE 1917-JANUARY 1918) . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 125 4 . EIGHTH BRIGADE AND INDEPENDENT FORCE (FEBRUARY-NOVEMBER 1918) . . . . . . . . . 133 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 5 EIGHTH BRIGADE AND INDEPENDENT FORCE OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 6 POSTWAR ASSESSMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . .239 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Illustrations 1 'Battle Casualties, Night Squadrons, June-November 1918 . . . . . . . . . 210 Photographs Handley Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 DeHavilland 4B . . . . . . . . . ...

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Lt Col Karen U. Kwiatkowski’s Expeditionary Air Operations in Africa: Challenges and Solutions details air operations challenges in Africa. She discusses how the USAF currently meets or avoids these challenges. She contends that Africa is like the “western frontier” of America’s history—undeveloped, brimming with opportunity as well as danger, and that it is a place where standard assumptions often do not apply. Africa has not been, and is not today, a US geostrategic interest area. However, as the dawn of the twenty-first century breaks over a planet made both intimate and manageable by CNN and DHL Air Express, Colonel Kwiatkowski believes that the winners will be those who understand Africa and can meet the challenges of air operations on the continent first....

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1 WHAT THE WORLD KNOWS ABOUT AIR OPERATIONS CHALLENGES IN AFRICA . . . . . . 1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2 WHAT THE USAF KNOWS ABOUT AIR OPERATIONS IN AFRICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Recent Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3 WHAT THE USAF IS DOING ABOUT AIR OPERATIONS IN AFRICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Some Solutions for Future Improvement . . .33 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 4 WHAT AIRCREWS KNOW ABOUT AIR EXPEDITIONARY OPERATIONS IN AFRICA . . .55 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 5 SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71...

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This thesis follows the history of joint targeting boards since World War II to illustrate the foundations that have led to today’s joint airpower targeting process. Having established the historical background, this thesis explores the current solutions for determining airpower mission and target priorities. Using the principles of war as a framework for analysis, this thesis compares the relative advantages and disadvantages of each model to determine whether a targeting board is an effective tool for the JFC in future operations. In the end, this thesis finds a Joint Targeting Coordination Board integrated into the air component staff as the greatest potential for providing a future joint commander with an effective process for determining airpower mission priorities and selecting targets. Finally, organizational changes and recommendations are suggested to assure the targeting process overcomes individual service biases and remains focused on accomplishing the theater objectives....

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1 INTRODUCTION . . . . 1 Notes . . . . . . 4 2 THE HISTORY OF JOINT TARGETING SINCE WORLD WAR II . . . . . 5 World War II . . . . . . 5 Korean Conflict . . . . 6 Vietnam War . . . . . . 9 Desert Storm . . . . . . 13 Notes . . . . . . 15 3 THE JTCB TODAY . . . 19 Current Definition . . . 19 Where the JTCB Fits into the Planning Process . . . . . . 20 Model A—The EUCOM/CFC Model . . . . . 21 Model B—The PACOM/LANTCOM Model . . . . . . 22 Summary . . . . 24 Notes . . . . . . 25 4 THE JTCB’S FUTURE EFFECTIVENESS . . . . . . 27 Assumptions . . . . . . 28 Methodology . . . . . . 29 Analysis . . . . 30 Assessment . . . 44 Notes . . . . . . 46 5 RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . 51 Recommendation Number One . . . . 51 Recommendation Number Two . . . . 53 Recommendation Number Three . . . 53 Notes . . . . . . 54...

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In this paper, Lt Col Devin L. Cate tackles the question of whether an air superiority fighter is relevant to warfare in the twenty-first century.

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This study examines the development of military night aviation from its origins through the First World War. Emphasis is on the evolution of night flying in those countries which fought on the Western Front, namely France, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States . While night flying occurred in other theaters, the most intense air effort was clearly in t°he west. There, belligerents pressed aviation technology and tactics to the limits ; the skies of northern France and Flanders offered the only opportunity for movement across the stagnated front. Another important consideration was the availability of rich documentation concerning night aerial activity in the theater....

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Minelaying by the U.S. Army Air Forces (AAF) had to overcome the absence of doctrine, serious questions of service autonomy, and preconceptions about naval and air force traditional roles. Though this initially unappreciated weapon gained considerable acceptance during the years of World War II, mines were not again dropped from aircraft in combat until the Vietnam War. During the Cold War, the U.S. Air Force gave little effort to its collateral maritime missions until concern grew over containing an expanding Soviet naval threat. Today, Air Force capabilities for aerial minelaying and other naval missions remain an important (though little appreciated) means for projecting long-range air power in support of "Global Reach--Global Power."...

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1. MINE WARFARE..................3 Theory and History Mines and How They Worked 2. WORLD WAR II AERIAL MINELAYING IN EUROPE............7 First Use by Germany The Royal Air Force Fights Back 3. MINELAY’ING IN JAPAN’S "OUTER ZONE" -1942-1945............10 Early Plans and Capability U.S. Navy Submarine and Surface Laid Mines Air Operations Minelaying by Naval Aviation 4. AAF MINELAYING IN JAPAN/S "INNER ZONE" -1945...............18 Planning "Operation Starvation LeMay and the XXI Bomber Command 5. PLAN AND REALITY -THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AAF AERIAL MINELAYING............26 Plans and Opportunities “Outer Zone" Results “Inner Zone" Results Japanese Mine Countermeasures World War II Conclusions 6. AERIAL MINELAYING -AN AIR FORCE MISSION............31 Contributions of the Army Air Forces Mines and the Postwar Air Force Mines in Three Limited Wars The Lessons -Are They Learned? Applications in the Future Conclusion...

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The author addresses four questions: how have these air forces responded to post–Cold War political uncertainties, how have they operated, how have they responded to new air power thinking, and how have they adapted to the challenges of costs and technologies? He convincingly argues that budgetary provision has not been the most important factor in generating effective air power....

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DISCLAIMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii ABOUT THE AUTHOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii 1 A NEED FOR CHANGE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 2 GOLDWATER-NICHOLS AS A MODEL FOR INTELLIGENCE REFORM . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3 REFORMING INTELLIGENCE: A 50-YEAR EFFORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 4 THE 9/11 REPORT AND INTELLIGENCE REFORM LEGISLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 5 THE PUSH AND PULL OF INTELLIGENCE REFORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 6 THE QUESTION OF BALANCE . . . . . . . . . 139 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Appendix A INTERVIEWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 B CHRONOLOGY OF INTELLIGE...

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This paper draws on well-established close air support (CAS) doctrine and organizational models to build new intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) organizational and execution constructs to bridge the gap between theater-level ISR assets and tactical operations. These models bind ISR asset, exploiter, CAOC, and the supported unit through face-to-face interactions and standardized processes that apply across any theater of operations or combatant command....

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Cimbala seeks to reestablish relations on nuclear weapons control between the United States and Russia. He briefly describes arms control history to illustrate the complexities of building agreements as well as to find a relationship that leads to the satisfaction of both sides. He makes the point that more than just good relations between Russia and the United States is at stake. He suggests that when both Russia and the United States reach agreement about nuclear weapons, the case for controlled nonproliferation among the other nuclear powers can proceed, and that is to the good of everyone....

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FOREWORD . . . . v ABOUT THE AUTHOR . . . . vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . ix TAKING THE LEAD: RUSSIA, THE UNITED STATES, AND NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION AFTER BUSH . . . . 1 Arms Control—A Large Menu . . . .1 Context Is All—And History Still Matters . . . .4 Approach and Method . . . . . 8 Conclusion . . . . .23 NOTES . . . . . . . 23...

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The predictable nature of American strategic bombing may make it vulnerable to a perceptive enemy. By offering him the opportunity to design, test, and employ countermeasures, American air commanders may have inadvertently limited their ability to achieve success....

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1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . 1 Notes . . . . 3 2 THE EARLY YEARS AND WORLD WAR I . . . . 5 Notes . . . . 7 3 THE INTERWAR YEARS . . . . 9 Notes . . . .13 4 WORLD WAR II: THE EUROPEAN THEATER . . . . .15 Notes . . . .20 5 WORLD WAR II: THE PACIFIC THEATER . . . .23 Notes . . . .28 6 LIMITED WARFARE . . .31 Notes . . . .37 7 THE FUTURE . . . .39 Notes . . . .41...

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The thesis of this paper is that the advanced capabilities provided by TSAT are limited and will not be sufficient to serve the ground-based portion of the communications network supporting network-centric warfare (NCW). To validate this proposition, this study will start by identifying space-based systems that will enable NCW, discuss the requirements for ground-based NCW, and finally determine the combination of spaced-based systems sufficient to deliver advanced capabilities to the war fighter....

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This paper examines the long development of precision guided bombs to show that the accuracy attained in Desert Storm was an evolution not a revolution in aerial warfare. This evolution continues and gives offensive airpower the advantage over the defense. Guided bomb development started during World War One with the “aerial torpedo”. When Desert Storm initiated in 1991 there were very few guided weapons that had not been extensively tested on training ranges and in combat. The precision demonstrated to the World during Desert Storm started evolving when airpower was first envisioned as a new dimension for conducting war, and was far from a revolution. Now, the continued development of imaging infrared, laser radar, synthetic aperture radar, and millimeter wave radar autonomous seekers further increases the flexibility, range, and effectiveness of guided bombs....

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INTRODUCTION........1 EARLY GUIDED BOMBS THROUGH WORLD WAR TWO........3 World War One........3 Post World War One........4 World War Two........5 THE KOREAN WAR........19 THE VIETNAM WAR........22 Laser Guided Bombs (LGBs)........22 Electro-optical Guided Bombs........30 THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE 1970s........32 THE 1980s AND THE LIBYA RAID........35 DESERT STORM AND THE 1990s........38 Current Development Projects........41 EPILOGUE........48...

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Since our founding 50 years ago, the US Air Force has been responsible to the nation for controlling and exploiting the air and space environment. We are the nation’s Air Force—the only service that provides air and space power across the spectrum, from basic research to combat operations. In Apollo’s Warriors, Col Michael Haas, USAF, Retired, brings to life the critical, albeit little-known, contributions US Air Force special operations forces have made to the exercise of air and space power....