...HE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin’s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988–1992... ...Declaring War on the United States (1992–1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda’s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996–1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES 71 3.1 From t... ...First World Trade Center Bombing 71 3.2 Adaptation—and Nonadaptation— ...in the Law Enforcement Community 73 3.3 . . . and in the Federal Aviation... ...anda; and from the Southeast Asian states of Burma,Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Bin Ladin maintained connec- tions in the Bosnian conflict as we... ...8 Al Qaeda helped Jemaah Islamiya (JI), a nas- cent organization headed by Indonesian Islamists with cells scattered across Malaysia, Singapore, Indon... ...set up as one of the first outposts of Azzam and Bin Ladin’s MAK. 40 Other cities with branches of al Khifa included Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Pittsbu... ...s links to extremists in South and Southeast Asia, including the Malaysian-Indonesian JI and several Pakistani groups engaged in the Kashmir conflict.... ...ment authority. Terrorist watchlists were not available to them. Mayors in cities with large immigrant populations sometimes imposed limits on city em... ...ent began in 1997 to train first responders in 120 of the nation’s largest cities.As a key part of its efforts, Defense created National Guard WMD Civ...

... a Homeland Defense 14 1.3 National Crisis Management 35 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin?s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988?1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organization, Declaring War on the United States (1992?1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda?s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996?1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERR...