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...Cyclopedia of issues in modern philosophy: The philosophy of science and religion, the cognitive sciences, cultural studies, aesthetics, art and literature, the philosophy of economics, the philosophy of psychology, and ethics....

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... All rights reserved. This book, or any part thereof, may not be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission from: Lidija Rangelovs... ...n@gmail.com Philosophical Essays and Musings: http://philosophos.tripod.com The Silver Lining – Ethical Dilemmas in Modern Films http://samv... ... and Musings: http://philosophos.tripod.com The Silver Lining – Ethical Dilemmas in Modern Films http://samvak.tripod.com/film.html Download f... ..., self-regulating co-opertaives of craftsmen (Proudhon), a federation of voluntary associations (Bakunin), trade unions (anarcho- syndicalists), ide... ...ps such as the Animal Liberation Front, the Earth Liberation Front and the Britain-based SHAC, or Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty, are 'way out in f... ...ou are invested, the less likely you are to reap the dividenda of survival. Indeed, based on actuary tables, it becomes increasingly less rational t... ... respond to the needs of their customers, to innovate, to initiate, to venture. In professional words: it optimizes the allocation of resources at ... ...onsider a medical doctor or an civil engineer who bribed their way into obtaining a professional diploma. Human lives are at stake. The wrong inform... ...on and inference, through contextual surmises, historical puzzle- work and indirect associations. To which ethnic group does the candidate belong? W...

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Essays and articles about modern physics, speculations in science, pseudo-science and the alleged incompatibility between God and modern science.

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... All rights reserved. This book, or any part thereof, may not be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission from: Lidija Rangelovs... ...phical essays and Musings http://www.narcissistic-abuse.com/culture.html World in Conflict and T ransition http://samvak.tripod.com/guide.htm... ...O N T E N T S PH YSI CS I. Time Asymmetry Re-Visited II. Negentropic Agents and the Increase of Entropy III. The Complexity of Simplicity IV. B... ...e two types of learning: natural and sapient (or intelligent). Natural learning is based on feedback. When water waves hit rocks and retreat, they ... ...nd temporal and weakly communicable). Sapient or Intelligent Learning is similarly based on feedback, but it involves other mechanisms, most of the... ...d of quantum field theory in particular, are unprofessionally vague and ambiguous. Professional theoretical physicists ought to be able to do bette... ... energy to the environment (=to the soul) in the shape of language (images, words, associations). The defence mechanisms, known to us from classica... ... field of potentials. It, therefore, deserves the name: Signal Anxiety, used in the professional literature. The signal anxiety designates not only ... ...es: time and space. These meta principles lend meaning to ideas by rendering their associations comprehensible. Thus, the contiguity and frequency ...

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Excerpt: Treaty On European Union. A new stage in the process of European integration undertaken with the establishment of the European Communities.

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...The Treaty of the European Union The Maastrict Treaty, 7th February, 1992. The Treaty of the European Union... ...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. The Treaty of the European Union: The Maastrict Treaty – Februa... ...the timetable set out therein, the adoption of an economic policy which is based on the close co-ordination of Member States’ economic policies, on th... ...d the ECB as private credit institutions. ARTICLE 104a 1. Any measure, not based on prudential consider- ations, establishing privileged access by Com... ...Board shall be appointed from among the persons of recognized standing and professional experience in monetary or banking matters by common accord of ... ... President shall be selected from among persons of recognized standing and professional experience in monetary or banking matters. Only nationals of M... ...e Treaty or any rule of law relating to its ap- plication. Undertakings or associations referred to in Article 48 may, under the same conditions, inst... ... the European Community, of co-operation between the latter and charitable associations and foundations as institutions responsible for social welfare...

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...Excerpt: History. There is one mind common to all individual men. Every man is an inlet to the same and to all of the same. He that is once admitted to the right of reason is made a freeman of the whole estate. What Plato has thought, he may think; what a saint has felt, he may feel; what at any time has befallen a...

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.................................................................................................................................................... 127 THE OVER-SOUL .................................................................................................................................................. 137 IX. THE OVER-SOUL .............................................

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...SICS SERIES PUBLICATION Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Por- table Document file is furnish... ...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson, the Pennsylvania State Universit... ... they now take. The regular course of studies, the years of academical and professional education have not yielded me better facts than some idle book... .... The first step of worthiness will be to disabuse us of our superstitious associations with places and times, with number and size. Why should these ... ..., in which form it warms, like our house- hold fires, all the families and associations of men, and makes society possible. A certain tendency to insa... ...-faced, black-faced, wrinkled, giant, dwarf, expanded, elfish,— capped and based by heaven, earth and sea. A gallery of sculpture teaches more austere... ...t been equal to it. It is only on reality that any power of action can be based. No institu- tion will be better than the institutor. I knew an amia... ...a meeting of merchants, a military corps, a college class, a fire- club, a professional association, a political, a religious convention;—the persons ...

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... Phaedrus by Plato, trans. Benjamin Jowett is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnish... ...harge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Nei ther the Pennsylvania Sta... ...e, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Nei ther the Pennsylvania State University nor Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, nor anyo... ...contained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Phaedrus by Plato, trans. Benjamin Jowett , the Pennsylvania ... ...ets, orators, legislators, we hereby announce that if their compositions are based upon these principles, then they are not only poets, orators, legis... ... the art of composition and division; fourthly , the true rhetoric, which is based upon dialectic, and is neither the art of persuasion nor knowledge ... ...in the art of love knew that there was a mystery in these feelings and their associations, and especially in the con trast of the sensible and perman... ...ht into the ‘characters of men.’ Once more, has not medical science become a professional routine, which many ‘practise without being able to say who ... ... loyal friends, for our love of them arises not from passion, but from other associations. Further, if we ought to shower favours on those who are the...

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Excerpt: The Perfect Wagnerite: A Commentary on the Niblung?s Ring by George Bernard Shaw.

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...Contents Preface to the First German Edition................................................................................................ 5 Preface to the Second Edition ...........................................................................

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...The Perfect Wagnerite: A Commentary on the Niblung’s Ring by Bernard Shaw A Penn State Electronic Classics Series ... ... Ring by Bernard Shaw A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Publication The Perfect Wagnerite: A Commentary on the Niblung’s Ring by George Bernard... ...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...ained within the document or for the file as an elec- tronic transmission, in any way. The Perfect Wagnerite: A Commentary on the Niblung’s Ring by Ge... ...rmanent appointment in the service of the Saxon State, carrying an assured professional position and livelihood with it In 1848, the year of revolutio... ...er and higher organization as it has hitherto done. As most of our English professional men are to Aus- tralian bushmen, so, we must suppose, will the... ... by Siegfried’s Anarchism, or, if they prefer a term with more respectable associations, his neo-Protestantism. Anarchism, as a panacea, is just as ho... ...hists—will share the fate of China. It is also true that our criminal law, based on a conception of crime and punishment which is nothing but our vind... ...surdity. Even the modified form of anarchy on which modern civilization is based: that is, the abandonment of industry, in the name of individual 63 ...

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...Introduction: In an age of materialism like our own the phenomenon of spiritual power is as significant and inspiring as it is rare. No longer associated with the ?divine right? of kings, it has survived the downfall of feudal and theocrat...

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... LIST OF POSTHUMOUS WORKS......................................................................................................................... 34 THE FORGED COUPON ........................................................................................................................................ 35 AFTER THE DANCE ......................................................

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...Other Stories BY LEO TOLSTOY A PSU Electronic Classics Series Publication The Forged Coupon and Other Stories by Leo Tolstoy, trans. Louise and Ay... ...s by Leo Tolstoy, trans. Louise and Aylmer Maude is a publi cation of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnishe... ...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...ained within the document or for the file as an elec tronic transmission, in any way. The Forged Coupon and Other Stories by Leo Tolstoy, trans. Lou... ...e mo tives in turn requiring the key which lies in his tem perament, his associations, his nationality. Such a key is peculiarly necessary to Englis... ...rince D. Nekhludov “ Lucerne, 1857), whose reserve, he realised, was “not based on pride, but on the absence of any desire to draw nearer to each oth... ...andour of his revelations. This, of course, relates more to the landed and professional classes than to the peasant, who is slower to express himself,... ...rds the light. There we shall find ourselves, gathered from many quarters, united with men we did not expect to see; therein is joy. The humility whic... ...work in the field, and therefore continued to steal horses in company with professional horse thieves and gipsies. Leo Tolstoy 54 XI PETER NIKOLAEVIC...

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Excerpt: The Subjection of Women by John Stuart Mill.

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...Originally published 1869 THE SUBJECTION OF WOMEN BY JOHN STUART MILL The Subjection of Women by Jo... ...RT MILL The Subjection of Women by John Stuart Mill is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document File is furnished... ...ge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State ... ...ained within the docu ment or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way . The Subjection of Women by John Stuart Mill, the Pennsylvani... ... the same assertion in regard to the dominion of men over women is usually based, namely that there are different natures among mankind, free natures,... ... why need I go back to Aristotle? Did not the slave owners of the Southern United States maintain the same doctrine, with all the fanaticism with whic... ...di vidual observation and consciousness, and a very large one of acquired associations. This will be less and less the case, but it will remain true ... ...lly true in the fine arts than in any thing else; the vast superiority of professional persons over amateurs. Women in the educated classes are al m... ...atural gift, to be made available for great creations, requires study, and professional devotion to the pur suit. The only countries which have produ...

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...Excerpt: ?THE COW IS THERE,? said Ansell, lighting a match and holding it out over the carpet. No one spoke. He waited till the end of the match fell off. Then he said again, ?She is there, the cow. There, now.? ?You have not proved it...

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...rney by E. M. Forster A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Publication The Longest Journey by E.M. Forster is a publication of the Pennsylvania St... ...e of any kind. Any per- son using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...e, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State University nor Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, nor anyone... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. The Longest Journey by E.M. Forster, the Pennsylvania State Uni... ...ckie. But he wondered whether one of the bonds that kept the Ansell family united might not be their complete absence of taste—a surer bond by far tha... ... Journey photographs, amount to very little by themselves. But let them be united and continuous, and you have a hell that no grown-up devil can devis... ...cobwebs away like this, with a puff of humorous mountain air. Just now the associations he attached to her were vari- ous—she reminded him of a heroin... ...ontrary to the fundamentals on which the govern- ment of Dunwood House was based. So nothing was done. Agnes was rather pleased, and took to teasing h... ...d that’s enough.” She laughed, for her voice had a little been that of the professional scold. “You see we must hang together. He’s in the reactionary...

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... economic welfare all depend on a delicate balance between those ideas that are controlled and those that are free, between intellectual property and the public domain. In The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind (Yale University Press) James Boyle introduces readers to the idea of the public domain and describes how it is being tragically eroded by our current...

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...ugust 13, 1813, p. 6. 37278_u00.qxd 8/28/08 11:04 AM Page ii James Boyle The Public Domain Enclosing the Commons of the Mind Yale University Pres... ... www.caravanbooks.org. Copyright © 2008 by James Boyle. All rights reserved. The author has made an online version of this work available under a Crea... ... be accessed through the author’s website at http://james-boyle.com. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN: 978-0-300-13740-8 Library of Congr... ...served mockery. “Want that insignia torn off your car, Dad? Then it would be in the public domain, right?” My colleagues at Duke are one of the main i... ...a result, the structure of the book is designed to facilitate self-selection based on inter- est. The first three chapters and the conclusion provide t... ...n you need by wandering off into a strange click-trail of sites, amateur and professional, commercial and not, hobbyist and entrepreneur, all self-org... ...etwork of hob- byists, amateurs, universities, businesses, volunteer groups, professionals, and retired experts and who knows what else. It is a netwo... ...nited States, does not see intellectual property as a claim of natural right based on expended labor. Instead it is a temporary state-created monopoly... ...rt of the farmers is played by the content companies, the recording industry associations, the movie and software trade groups. Pointing to the threat...

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...Excerpt: CHAPTER I; PRELIMINARY -- CONSIDERING our present advanced state of culture, and how the Torch of Science has now been brandished and borne about, with more or less effect, for five thousand years and upwards; how, in these times especially, not only the Torch still burns, and perhaps more fiercely than ever,...

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...CHAPTER I ?PRELIMINARY, 3 -- CHAPTER II ?EDITORIAL DIFFICULTIES, 7 -- CHAPTER III ?REMINISCENCES, 11 -- CHAPTER IV? CHARACTERISTICS, 19 -- CHAPTER V? THE WORLD IN CLOTHES, 24 -- CHAPTER VI? APRONS, 29 -- CHAPTER VII? MISCELLANEOUS-HISTORICAL, 31 -- CHAPTER VIII? THE WORLD OUT OF CLOTHES, 34 -- CHAPTER IX? ADAMITISM, 39 -- CHAPTER X? PURE REASON, 43 -- CHAPTER XI? PROSPECTI...

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...HAPTER IV — CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 CHAPTER V — THE WORLD IN CLOTHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 CHAPTER VI — APRONS . .... ...— CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 CHAPTER V — THE WORLD IN CLOTHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 CHAPTER VI — APRONS . . . . . . .... ...9 CHAPTER VII — MISCELLANEOUS HISTORICAL . . . . . . . . . 31 CHAPTER VIII — THE WORLD OUT OF CLOTHES . . . . . . . . . 34 CHAPTER IX — ADAMITISM . . ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 BOOK III 133 CHAPTER I — INCIDENT IN MODERN HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . 133 CHAPTER II — CHURCH CLOTHES . .... ...f a Person, is to be built. Whether he flow gracefully out in folded mantles, based on light sandals; tower up in high headgear, from amid peaks, spang... ...agments of all sorts: scraps of regular Memoir, College Exercises, Programs, Professional Testimoniums, Milkscores, torn Billets, sometimes to appeara... ...en in thought, shake themselves free of Time? Our whole terrestrial being is based on Time, and built of Time; it is wholly a Movement, a Time impulse... ...holding the whole together and protecting it; and all your Craft Guilds, and Associations for Industry, of hand or of head, are the Fleshly Clothes, t... ...med Stook of Duds (that is, Shock of Rags), in allusion, doubtless, to their professional Costume. While in Ireland, which, as mentioned, is their gra...

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...ER II BAKUNIN AND ANARCHISM........................................................................................................... 29 CHAPTER III THE SYNDICALIST REVOLT............................................................................................................ 43 PART II PROBLEMS OF THE FUTURE ...............................................................

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...ication Proposed Roads to Freedom by Bertrand Russell is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnished... ...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Proposed Roads to Freedom by Bertrand Russell, the Pennsylvania... ...o citizen: an attitude as true as his, perhaps also as untrue, but equally based on facts, facts concerning his relations to his enemies instead of to... ...d misjudging to the capitalist, because the facts upon which their view is based are facts which he either does not know or habitually ignores. Yet th... ... club together in order to keep up the rate of wages; they found permanent associations in order to make provision before- hand for these occasional r... ...ized except by the workers, that is to say, by agricultural and industrial associations. It recognizes that all actually existing political and author... ...rk unavoidable? At present, the better paid work, that of the business and professional classes, is for the most part enjoyable. I do not mean that ev... ...achinery and the more profitable control of that machinery by the class of professional financiers. The kind of way in which such conditions tend towa...

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...Preface: Those who have done me the honor of reading my previous writings will probably receive no strong impression of novelty from the present volume; for the principles are those to which I have been working up during the greater part of my life, and mos...

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....... 4 Chapter I To What Extent Forms of Government are a Matter of Choice ............................................................. 5 Chapter II The Criterion of a Good Form of Government .................................................................................... 15 Chapter III That the ideally best Form of Government is Representative Government ...............

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...ons on Representative Government by John Stuart Mill is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnished... ...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...e, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State University nor Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, nor anyone... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Considerations on Representative Government by John Stuart Mil... ... and convictions of those whose personal position is different, and by the united authority of the instructed. When, therefore, the instructed in gene... ...se not bred to it, as the capacity to reform the law in those who have not professionally stud ied it. All these difficulties are sure to be ignored ... ...except on questions involving politi cal principles and interests, to the professional legislators; that bills originating in the Upper House would a... ... the conditions imposed, the very principle and system of a representation based on property is set aside, and an exceptionally personal disqualificat... ...ection able. Such bodies have a perpetual tendency to become joint stock associations for carrying into effect the private jobs of their various mem...

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...Excerpt: Renewal of Life by Transmission. The most notable distinction between living and inanimate things is that the former maintain themselves by renewal. A stone when struck resists. If its resistance is greater than the force of the blow struck, it remains outwa...

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................ 58 Chapter Six: Education as Conservative and Progressive ........................................................... 74 Chapter Seven: The Democratic Conception in Education ......................................................... 85 Chapter Eight: Aims in Education ...............................................................................................

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...ies Publication Democracy and Education by John Dewey is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnished... ...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Nei- ther the Pennsylvania State... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Democracy and Education by John Dewey, the Pennsylvania State U... ...riginal motive, which is limited and more immediately practical. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overr... ...eating an undesirable split between the ex- perience gained in more direct associations and what is acquired in school. This danger was never greater ... ...er, like the guild of artists, the republic of letters, the members of the professional learned class scattered over the face of the earth. For they h... ...rs of the individual under instruction. For a severe and definite judgment based upon the strong and weak points of the individual is substituted a va... ...n as Unfolding. There is a conception of edu- cation which professes to be based upon the idea of de- velopment. But it takes back with one hand what ... ... differ in that the adherents of the latter make much of the practical and professional duties for which one is preparing, while the developmental doc...

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Excerpt: The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature by William James.

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...ROLOGY............................................................................................................. 11 Lecture II: CIRCUMSCRIPTION OF THE TOPIC ................................................................................................ 34 Lecture III: THE REALITY OF THE UNSEEN ...............................................................................

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...The Varieties of Religious Experience A Study in Human Nature by William James A PENN STATE ELECTRONIC CLASSICS SERIES PU... ...ture by William James A PENN STATE ELECTRONIC CLASSICS SERIES PUBLICATION The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature by William J... ...LASSICS SERIES PUBLICATION The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature by William James is a publication of the Pennsylvania State... ... ascertained by spiritual judg- ments directly passed upon them, judgments based on our own immediate feeling primarily; and second- arily on what we ... ...t from casual reactions, and total attitudes are differ- ent from usual or professional attitudes. To get at them you must go behind the foreground of... ...[12] [12] Feuilles detachees, pp. 394-398 (abridged). Surely all the usual associations of the word “reli- gion” would have to be stripped away if suc... ... making them; and in general our whole higher prudential and moral life is based on the fact that material sensations actually present may have a weak... ...ique, 1899, p. 66. [61] Trine: p. 117. 119 William James All the external associations of the Catholic disci- pline are of course unlike anything in ... ...sistance from Richard Weaver’s autobiography. Weaver was a collier, a semi-professional pugilist in his younger days, who became a much beloved evan- ...

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...Excerpt: Chapter 1. Childhood and early education it seems proper that I should prefix to the following biographical sketch some mention of the reasons which have made me think it desirable that I should leave behind me such a memorial of so uneventful a life as mine. I do not for a moment imagine that any part of...

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...f John Stuart Mill Autobiography by John Stuart Mill is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnished... ...rge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State U... ...e, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State Uni versity nor Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, nor anyo... ...ntained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Autobiography by John Stuart Mill , the Pennsylvania State Univ... ...oise in the world than any of these, John Arthur Roebuck. In May, 1823, my professional occupation and status for the next thirty five years of my lif... ...d speak 73 John Stuart Mill ers of the Cambridge Union and of the Oxford United De bating Society. It is curiously illustrative of the tendencies o... ...ced, that the object of education should be to form the strongest possible associations of the salutary class; asso ciations of pleasure with all thi... ... superfi cially with the means of forming and keeping up these salu tary associations. They seemed to have trusted altogether to the old familiar in... ...on which the compensation to be given them by Gov ernment would have been based. This and many other ex planations I gave in a speech on Ireland, in...