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...Martin Luther goes through the seven sacraments of the medieval Catholic Church with his interpretation of the Bible. He teaches his opinions on the different pratices taken place within the Catholic Church and what they should or do represent. The book is seemingly set in an "angry tone" as this was the first time he accused the pope of being the Antichrist. Lut...

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...it in a high key. Dost thou take my meaning, beloved Rome?” 3 In this book on the “Babylonian Captivity,” later that year, he fulfils his promise a... ... Luther intends his book to be only an introduction to his major engagement on this theme of the sacraments. He expects that after this “Prelude” th... ...ck him in force, but he intends to keep one step ahead of them and lead them on. In fact, he fully expects a papal bull against him threatening him w... ...rd which they had been unconsciously tending. The Captivity was written in Latin because it is a theologieal treatise and was not intended for the ... ... been reproduced here, and they have been supplemented a bit. The original Latin text of the treatise is in WA 6, 497–573. THE BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY... ...anything, as the words declare, but that he revokes me. This is the kind of Latin the Italians are beginning to write nowadays. Another friar, a Germ... ...is new interpretation of the myths of the gods. 20 For Luther’s opinion of Aristotle, cf. An Open Letter to the Christian Nobility. PE 2, 146–147. ... ... 89 Cf. p. 19 n. 33. 90 Commentators on Peter Lombard’s textbook. Cf. p. 29 n. 60. 91 Cf. p. 37... ...he Sentences” 117 in his fourth book; better yet, despise him with all his commentators, who at their best write only of the “matter” and “form” 11...

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...chologists. They had come to Italy to the Institute in Ascoli Piceno, which is a member of the Sophia University of Rome, to participate in a seminar on Sophia- Art and Cosmo-Art. The same paper was expanded and presented at the Second Ulyssiads of the Sophia University of Rome, organized by the Institute in Tempio Pausania and held in Alghero, Sardinia, in the summer of ...

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... is a member of the Sophia University of Rome, to participate in a seminar on Sophia- Art and Cosmo-Art. The same paper was expanded and presented a... ... in your lives and your work as Cosmo-Art Anthropologists “We don’t live on bread alone but on bread and…. Beauty”. A.M. PART ONE The Gree... ...y is a search for beauty (the beauty of life and secondary beauty) and not on just a search for knowledge and healing as final goals. What I would ... ... one must learn how to read the Odyssey. With one specific warning. Most commentators on Homer, from Dante Alighieri up to today, have always seen... ...ing Dante’s time, the poem of the Odyssey was yet unknown. None of these commentators have ever noticed that Homer calls Ulysses “the man of the t... ...instead, these humans expand, for example the Spanish, when they colonized Latin America, the indigenous populaces that before did not know that lan... ... definitions we already know of, human beings are either rational animals (Aristotle) or digestive tubes (science); they are children of God (the r...

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... how long these unfaithful fears would have withheld me from entering with good earnest on the warfare, when the Lord himself, as oft his manner is, ... ...; 2 nd . That then their warfare is ended; and 3 rd . That their kingdom is come: while on the other hand, it had been equally upheld before the rep... ...accomplishing that refining and passing through the fire which is spoken of immediately on their restoration. (Mal. iii. 3. Zech. xiii. 9.) Which An... ... I have never heard, but my impression is that the great work of Lacunza was written in Latin. Next day, or a few days after, an answer arrived from ... ...as encreased by time to such an excess, that we may say without exaggeration those very commentators have made it inaccessible, and in some respects ... ...ible to those who in good earnest, and with the best intention desire to study it. The commentators, to speak generally, certainly do not enter into... ...tion of the most celebrated philosophers and astronomers, Egyptian, Greek, Arabian, and Latin. I see the vain efforts which they make to give some ex... ...times it hath made me quit the subject entirely. Continually encountering as I read the commentators, especially upon the Prophecies, and the Psalms... ...ullian, Lactantius, Quintus Julius Hiharion, and I might add in general, many Greek and Latin authors, whose writings have not come down to us; sinc...

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...XVI returns from a twenty year odyssey around the solar system, searching for sites where the world's excess people can be re-located. He found none. On his return he vows to search for solutions to the planet's most pressing problem. He has written six books of his planned fourteen book series and invites you to read them....

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................................................................. 330 Spying on the citizens has value from a self centered point of view ................. ... sleep anywhere and you don‘t have to worry about the weight of your body on a mattress. I had trouble sleeping on my bed in California, but these ai... ... something about living more healthily these last few days. But let‘s get on with why I came to Kino—to meet and talk with you. Your work on human v... ...y are going to have sex. ―Look at the rising number of Catholics in Latin America who say they are warning Pope Benedict XVI: that unless the ... ...derstand there are more problems in the poorer areas of the States and in Latin America where people know that contraception and abortion are availa... ...-―Father, I was lecturing in Sao Paolo a few years ago and I was told that Latin America accounts for about 40% of the world's Catholics, but the num... ...ble conclusions that one may make when wrestling with the Scriptures, the commentators on the Scriptures, and the comments on 369 the commentato... ...t you want to do as an individual or as a society. Then there are usually commentators on both sides of most issues. But some are commenting from a ... ...ve future citizens? ―People often think that only scriptures or commentators on the scriptures can give us 376 ethics or morals. But p...

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...XVI returns from a twenty year odyssey around the solar system, searching for sites where the world's excess people can be re-located. He found none. On his return he vows to search for solutions to the planet's most pressing problem. He has written six books of his planned fourteen book series and invites you to read them....

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...dus It was not far from Singaling to Indus. Just a five hour flight on Singapore Airlines, still in the Southeast Asian part of the world--but... ...t a universe of difference. From one of the three most advanced countries on the planet to a Third World nation just trying to get its overpopulated... ...ut an hour and you can fire away your questions.‖ Our drive, mainly on dirt roads, passed the makeshift slum houses--some with driftwood roofs... ... multiply, but our traditions have sanctified large families. ―The commentators in our religion have not had the divisive effects that have a... ...s such as animism, witchcraft and other means of magic. The Koran and its commentators speak of good and bad jinns. The Jews and Christians have thei... ... cannot admit to the possible falsehood of their myths. I would guess that Aristotle, as brilliant as he was, would have recanted his theory of gravi... ...theory of gravity when confronted with Galileo‘s facts. You remember that Aristotle thought that a heavy object would fall faster than a lighter obj... ... your own country TB is increasing as it is brought in by immigrants from Latin America and Asia. ―We are doing what we can to stop the sprea...

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...          Pathological Narcissism – An Overview A Primer on Narcissism and the Narcissistic ( ) Personality Disorder NPD Th... ...tic And Psychopathic Leaders Pathological Narcissism – An Overview A Primer on Narcissism And the Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) What is Pa... ...athological narcissism was first described in detail by Freud in his essay "On Narcissism" [1915]. Other major contributors to the study of narcissi... ... theory tends to color the interpretation of new data. A cult of "priests' (commentators and pundits) emerges to defend common wisdom and "well know... ...l attentions at the heartland of Europe - rather than at Africa or Asia or Latin and Central America. Both World Wars were colonial wars fought on ... ...ies, adopted enthusiastically in places as diverse as Iraq, Egypt, Norway, Latin America, and Britain. At the end of the 1930's, liberal capitalism... ...he did execute Calisthenes, an hitherto obsequious historian (and nephew of Aristotle) who wouldn't bow to him. The Spartans held Alexander in deris...

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...ing, antismoking, or better environment. Fine is the first person to write a book on the general principles of social marketing and he is to be con... ... promotion) in this endeavor. While it is hard to evaluate the first book written on any new subject, I am sure that Fine's work will gain recogniti... ...ercise, conservation, environmental protection-to the point where people might act on what they believe and really want to do. True, bad ideas can a... ...Bryson 1948, p. 30). While Plato argued that ideas are real things in themselves, Aristotle took an opposing view. Although he agreed that ideas ha... ...k an opposing view. Although he agreed that ideas have potential for concreteness, Aristotle believed that they are ethereal and only become real wh... ...ualized into actions or tangible objects. The arguments in this book follow Plato. Aristotle's ideas, which underlie actual products, are,as stated i... ... are discussed. The very root of the word communication implies community. The Latin origins of the word community, moreover, mean "to build a w... ...aphs can be slid around like blocks. Everyone is colored gray. Columnists -- and commentators in the more polysyllabic magazines -- concentrate on...

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...d has against his parents: food, shelter, emotional nourishment, education, and so on. It is debatable whether such rights of the fetus and, later,... ...e the mother's womb, if possible. But it is not clear whether it has a right to go on using the mother's body, or resources, or to burden her in an... ... has created corresponding duties and obligations of the mother towards her fetus. On the other hand, everyone has a right to sustain his or her li... ...ir and free ballots once every two or four or five years. As heads of the state in Latin America, Africa, Asia, and East Europe can attest, these v... ...can be a direct physical mechanism or an explanatory feature (historical cause). Of Aristotle's Four Causes (Formal, Material, Efficient and Final),... ... ideologies, adopted enthusiastically in places as diverse as Iraq, Egypt, Norway, Latin America, and Britain. At the end of the 1930's, liberal c... ...nding - why presume that men and women (or different races) are identically human? Aristotle thought they were not. A lot separates males from fema... ...eigning theory tends to colour the interpretation of new data. A cult of "priests' (commentators and pundits) emerges to defend common wisdom and "w... ...d ideologies, adopted enthusiastically in places as diverse as Iraq, Egypt, Norway, Latin America, and Britain. At the end of the 1930's, liberal c...

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...d has against his parents: food, shelter, emotional nourishment, education, and so on. It is debatable whether such rights of the fetus and, later,... ...e the mother's womb, if possible. But it is not clear whether it has a right to go on using the mother's body, or resources, or to burden her in an... ... has created corresponding duties and obligations of the mother towards her fetus. On the other hand, everyone has a right to sustain his or her li... ...ir and free ballots once every two or four or five years. As heads of the state in Latin America, Africa, Asia, and East Europe can attest, these v... ...can be a direct physical mechanism or an explanatory feature (historical cause). Of Aristotle's Four Causes (Formal, Material, Efficient and Final),... ... ideologies, adopted enthusiastically in places as diverse as Iraq, Egypt, Norway, Latin America, and Britain. At the end of the 1930's, liberal c... ...nding - why presume that men and women (or different races) are identically human? Aristotle thought they were not. A lot separates males from fema... ...eigning theory tends to colour the interpretation of new data. A cult of "priests' (commentators and pundits) emerges to defend common wisdom and "w... ...d ideologies, adopted enthusiastically in places as diverse as Iraq, Egypt, Norway, Latin America, and Britain. At the end of the 1930's, liberal c...

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...Our music, our culture, our science, and our economic welfare all depend on a delicate balance between those ideas that are controlled and those that are free, between intellectual property and the public domain. In The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind (Yale University Press) James...

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...e public domain, right?” My colleagues at Duke are one of the main influences on my work. I am lucky enough to work in the only “Center for the Study o... ...fluenced every chapter in this book. David Lange brought me to Duke. His work on the public domain has always been an inspi- ration to mine. Arti Rai’s... ... 37278_u00.qxd 8/28/08 11:04 AM Page vii spirited and cosmopolitan focus on the multiple ways in which property can be protected. Jed Purdy and Ne... ...ty rights. Imagine a line. At one end sits a monk painstakingly transcribing Aristotle’s Poetics. In the middle lies the Gutenberg printing press. Thr... ...ause it focuses on enabling access alone, not access for the purpose of vio- lating one of the rights of the copyright holder. The Reimerdes court saw... ...ge arrived at his ruling, which has resulted in the case being criticized by commentators. 22 They did like one thing about the decision, however: its... ...ury. Openness sometimes begets open- ness.) Would translating the Bible from Latin into the vernacular open the door to unorthodox and heretical inter... ...riginated in John Williamson, “What Washing- ton Means by Policy Reform,” in Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Hap- pened? ed. John Williamson (...

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...Excerpt: The author of these Travels, Mr. Lemuel Gulliver, is my ancient and intimate friend; there is likewise some relation between us on the mother?s side. About three years ago, Mr. Gulliver growing weary of the concourse of curious people coming to him at his house in Redriff, made a small purchase of land, with a convenient house, near Newark, in Notting...

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...my ancient and intimate friend; there is likewise some re lation between us on the mother’s side. About three years ago, Mr. Gulliver growing weary o... ...shall be called to it, that by your great and frequent urgency you prevailed on me to publish a very loose and uncorrect account of my travels, with d... ...ay bring to your mind how often I desired you to consider, when you insisted on the mo tive of public good, that the Yahoos were a species of Gulliv... ...lan guages as I had the least smattering of, which were High and Low Dutch, Latin, French, Spanish, Italian, and Lingua Franca, but all to no purpose... ... family took up, and afterwards the whole kingdom. The word imports what the Latins call nanunculus, the Italians homunceletino, and the English mann... ...ssors, disdaining the old evasion of occult causes, whereby the followers of Aristotle endeavoured in vain to disguise their ignorance, have invented ... ... wit and learning, I set apart one day on purpose. I proposed that Homer and Aristotle might appear at the head of all their commen tators; but these... ...one of his age, and his eyes were the most quick and piercing I ever beheld. Aristotle stooped much, and made use of a staff. His vis age was meagre,... ...a Gulliver’ s Travels – Swift 173 ghost who shall be nameless, “that these commentators always kept in the most distant quarters from their prin ci...

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... agreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to comm... ...ns to the master of an ordinary. Men who pay for what they eat will insist on gratifying their palates, however nice and whimsical these may prove; an... ...nce between the food of the nobleman and the porter, if both are at dinner on the same ox or calf, but in the seasoning, the dressing, the garnishing,... ...call it—to instruct her so far, that she obtained a competent skill in the Latin language, and was, perhaps, as good a scholar as most of the young me... ...dition from mother to daughter ever since. If I was to translate this into Latin, I should render it by these two words, Nolo Episcopari: a phrase lik... ...through that bright and busy age so nobly distinguished by the excel lent Latin poet— Ad confligendum venientibus undique poenis, Omnia c... ... of a domestic government founded upon rules directly contrary to those of Aristotle My reader may please to remember he hath been informed that Jen... ...feet high. In his opinion of the female sex, he exceeded the moroseness of Aristotle himself: he looked on a woman as on an animal of domestic use, of... ...by author ity; but in doing this, he always used the scriptures and their commentators, as the lawyer doth his Coke upon Lyttleton, where the comment...

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...ARIATIONS IN THE AUTHOR?S MANUSCRIPT PREFACE. ........................................................................ 31 PASTORALS, WITH A DISCOURSE ON PASTORAL POETRY. WRITTEN IN THE YEAR MDCCIV...... 32 SPRING .....................................................................................................................................................................

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.............................................. 31 PASTORALS, WITH A DISCOURSE ON PASTORAL POETRY. WRITTEN IN THE YEAR MDCCIV ...... 32 SPRING .............. ................................................................. 50 AN ESSAY ON CRITICISM ................................................................. ...................................................................... 94 ODE ON ST CECILIA’S DAY .......................................................... ...ced under the care of the family priest, one Bannister, who taught him the Latin and Greek grammars together. He was next removed to a Catholic semi- ... ... not good rhymes.” His prin- cipal favourites were Virgil’s “Eclogues,” in Latin; and in English, Spencer, Waller, and Dryden—admiring Spencer, we pre... ...or Shakspeare; but he might have been nearly as acute a judge of poetry as Aristotle, and nearly as eloquent an expounder of the rules of art and the ... ...n his own grounds to her memory, with a simple but striking inscription in Latin. During this year, he pub- 19 The Poetical Works of Alexander Pope –... ...ic, ver. 629. The history of criticism, and characters of the best critics—Aristotle, ver. 645; Horace, ver. 653; Dionysius, ver. 665; Petronius, ver.... ...ase, And see what friends, and read what books I please: 103 ‘Bufo:’ most commentators refer this to Lord Halifax. 207 The Poetical Works of Alexand...

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...e; secondly, in having made me a participator in the pecuniary profits of the American edition, without solicitation or the shadow of any expectation on my part, without any legal claim that I could plead, or equitable warrant in established usage, solely and merely upon your own spontaneous motion. Some of these new papers, I hope, will not be without their value in the e...

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...he American edition, without solicitation or the shadow of any expectation on my part, without any legal claim that I could plead, or equitable warran... ...raries, so that very many statements, references, and citations, were made on the au- thority of my unassisted memory. Under such circumstances were m... ...as to points that would otherwise be open to misconstruction. 1. The paper on “Murder as one of the Fine Arts”* seemed to exact from me some account ... ... from Demosthenes—not presented in En- glish, but in sounding Attic Greek. Latin is a privileged dia- lect in parliament. But Greek! It would not have... ...ds as might have been easily mustered from the special dictionaries (Græco-Latin) dedicated separately to the service of the historian and of the poet... ...egated on this occasion to do me honor. What I had to recite was a copy of Latin verses (Alcaics) on the recent con- quest of Malta. Melite Britannis ... ... as mere trifles “Such gifts as we greet modern friends withal;” where all commentators have felt that modern must form the position, mean, slight, ar... ...m Jove;” and, in this case, the same thing might be urged in apology which Aristotle urges in another argument, namely, that anonymon to pathos, the c...

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...ecoming brisk a tall man strode along the edge of the pavement with a lady on his arm. Angry glances struck upon their backs. The small, agitated figu... ...ople brushing past her was evidently pain- ful. After watching the traffic on the Embankment for a minute or two with a stoical gaze she twitched her ... ...y crossed between the swift dis- charge of motor cars. When they were safe on the further side, she gently withdrew her arm from his, allowing her mou... ...g his first ship. They built a new factory the very year the commentary on Aristotle—was it?—appeared at the University Press. “And Rachel,” she looke... ...oing the best he could to serve it out of Parliament. For that purpose the Latin countries did very well, although the East, of course, would have don... ...the part of hoarse energetic sheep-dog. By means of a few words of caustic Latin he had the animals marshalled, and by inclining a sharp shoulder he l... ...picked flowers, and sent stones bounding before them. “Who writes the best Latin verse in your college, Hirst?” Mr. Elliot called back incongruously, ... ...cks next door, which is wrong. Sophocles, Swift. You don’t care for German commentators, I presume. French, 161 Virginia Woolf then. You read French?... ...or two wretched starving creatures like that who quote 209 Virginia Woolf Aristotle at you over a fried herring and a pint of porter. Fashionable lif...

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...to wallow.” Richardson’s Dictionary. tan, Hebrew. ^ o& , Greek. CETUS, Latin. WHAEL, Anglo Saxon. HV AL, Danish. WAL, Dutch. HWAL, Swedish. HV ALU... ...s or arpens of land.” Holland’s Pliny. “Scarcely had we proceeded two days on the sea, when about sunrise a great many Whales and other monsters of th... ... monstrous size. * * This came towards us, open mouthed, raising the waves on all sides, and beating the sea before him into a foam.” Tooke’s Lucian. ... ...of one whale.” Ibid. “History of Life and Death. ” “The sovereignest thing on earth is parmacetti for an inward bruise.” King Henry. “Very like a whal... ... art is created that great Leviathan, called a Commonwealth or State — (in Latin, Civitas) which is but an artificial man.” Opening sentence of Hobbes’... ... little, written of the whale. Run over a few: — The Authors of the Bible; Aristotle; Pliny; Aldrovandi; Sir Thomas 136 Chapter 32 Cetology Browne; G... ...with the annual tidings of their own fidelity; and though directly from the Latin word for white, all Christian priests derive the name of one part of ... ... King and Queen, “because of its superior excellence.” And by the soundest commentators this has ever been held a cogent argument in such matters. But... ...reighted demijohn. Top heavy was the ship as a dinnerless student with all Aristotle in his head. Well was it that the Typhoons did not visit them the...

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...or arpens of land.” —Holland’ s Pliny. “Scarcely had we proceeded two days on the sea, when about sunrise a great many Whales and other monsters of th... ...on- strous size. ... This came towards us, open-mouthed, raising the waves on all sides, and beating the sea before him into a foam.” —Tooke’ s Lucian... ...of one whale.” —Ibid. “History of Life and Death.” “The sovereignest thing on earth is parmacetti for an inward bruise.” —King Henry. “V ery like a wh... ... art is created that great Leviathan, called a Common- wealth or State—(in Latin, Civitas) which is but an artificial man.” —opening sentence of Hobbe... ... part of the world. It is a way I have of driving off the spleen and regu- lating the circulation. Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth... ...in little, written of the whale. Run over a few:—The Authors of the Bible; Aristotle; Pliny; Aldrovandi; Sir Thomas Browne; Gesner; Ray; Linnaeus; Ron... ...ith the annual tidings of their own fidelity; and though directly from the Latin word for white, all Christian priests derive the name of one part of ... ..., and crawled into them. Besides, it has been divined by other continental commentators, that when Jonah was thrown overboard from the Joppa ship, he ... ...55 Herman Melville Top-heavy was the ship as a dinnerless student with all Aristotle in his head. Well was it that the Typhoons did not visit them the...

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...alty to the cause of Queen Isabella and the Prince involved him in danger. On the accession of his pupil he was made successively Cofferer, Treasur... ... of Lin coln, Sarum, and Lichfield, Keeper of the Privy Purse, Am bassador on two occasions to Pope John XXII, who appointed him a chaplain of the p... ...ot in Parliament in 1344. Wasted by long sickness—longa infirmitate decoctus—on the 14th of April, 1345, Richard de Bury died at Auckland, and was bu... ...tor, and one who wishes for a holier counsellor than himself: agreeing with Aristotle, the chief of philosophers, who shows (in the 3rd and 6th books... ...ks such degree of certainty as he perceives the subject matter will bear, as Aristotle testifies in the first book of his Ethics. For Tully does not ... ...nd distinguishes the hierar chies; there the virgin Carmentis reproduces in Latin char acters all that Cadmus collected in Phoenician letters; there... ...en we consider the most learned. What would Virgil, the chief poet among the Latins, have achieved, if he had not despoiled Theocritus, Lucretius, and... ... Boethius, Macrobius, Lactantius, Martianus, and in short the whole troop of Latin writers have done, if they had not seen the productions of Athens o... ...apes of letters, straightway, if they have the op portunity, become unhappy commentators, and wherever they find an extra margin about the text, furn...

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...d and liv’d. My weary frame After short pause recomforted, again I journey’d on over that lonely steep, The hinder foot still firmer. Scarce the ascen... ...purpose to retrace my steps I turn’d. The hour was morning’s prime, and on his way Aloft the sun ascended with those stars, That with him rose, w... ...h long disuse of speech. When him in that great desert I espied, “Have mercy on me!” cried I out aloud, “Spirit! or living man! what e’er thou be!” ... ...esar all arm’d, and by Camilla there Penthesilea. On the other side Old King Latinus, seated by his child Lavinia, and that Brutus I beheld, Who Tarqu... ...hou here?” He thus to me: “My son! Oh let it not displease thee, if Brunetto Latini but a little space with thee Turn back, and leave his fellows to p... ... was silent all. v. 65. When the power of Julius.] This is explained by the commentators to mean “Although it was rather late with respect to my birt... ... of Saladin, by Bohao’edin Ebn Shedad, published by Albert Schultens, with a Latin translation. He is introduced by Petrarch in the Triumph of Fame, c... ...writers, availed themselves, before the Greek originals of Aristotle and his commentators were known to us in Europe.” According to D’Herbelot, he die... ... were replaced. v. 73. The just are two in number.] Who these two were, the commentators are not agreed. v. 79. Of Farinata and Tegghiaio.] See Cant...

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... that in his escort came. To the right hand I turn’d, and fix’d my mind On the’ other pole attentive, where I saw Four stars ne’er seen before sa... ...ting fell Upon his breast in double fold. The beams Of those four luminaries on his face So brightly shone, and with such radiance clear Deck’d it, th... ...t thus, condemn’d, ye to my caves approach?” My guide, then laying hold on me, by words And intimations given with hand and head, Made my bent kn... ...s of the respective eminences.” v. 119. Belacqua.] Concerning this man, the commentators afford no information. CANTO V v. 14. Be as a tower.] Sta ... ...many witnesses. Ghino was not only suffered to escape in safety, but (as the commentators inform us) obtained so high a reputation by the liberality w... ...on her person for which supposed crime he suffered death. So say the Italian commentators. Henault represents the matter very differently: “Pierre de ... ...e to observe, that in similar instances I shall either preserve the original Latin words or translate them, as it may seem best to suit the purpose of... ...nte, in his ‘Credo,’ has again versified the Lord’s prayer. v. 58. I was of Latinum.] Omberto, the son of Guglielino Aldobrandeseo, Count of Santafio... ...first spoken by the Spaniards, the next by the French, and the third by the Latins (or Italians). The first occupy the western part of southern Euro...

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...Contents PURGATORY................................................................... 6 CANTO I. Invocation to the Muses.?Dawn of Easter on the shore of Purgatory.?The Four Stars.?Cato.?The cleansing of Dante from the stains of Hell. ............................................................................................................ 6 CANTO II. Sunrise...

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...........................6 CANTO I. Invocation to the Muses.—Dawn of Easter on the shore of Purgatory.—The Four Stars.—Cato.—The cleansing of Dante fro... .............................................. 6 CANTO II. Sunrise.—The Poets on the shore.—Coming of a boat, guided by an angel, bearing souls to Purga-... ...—Lucia.—The Gate of Purgatory.—The Angelic Gatekeeper.—Seven P’s inscribed on Dante’s Forehead.—Entrance to the First Ledge. ............................ ..., that there the legs would be 1 Quic is used here, as often in mediaeval Latin, for quod. The meaning is, Be content to know that the thing is, seek... ... Another Aretine, of the Tarlati family, concerning whose death the early commentators are at variance. Benvenuto da Imola says that, hotly pursuing ... ...toward him and embraced him where the inferior takes hold. “O glory of the Latins,” said he, “through whom our lan- guage showed what it could do, O h... ...place, set round with palaces. The friend of Provinzano is said by the old commentators to have fought for Conradin against Charles of Anjou, and, bei... ...will be gracious and dear to me, if there be a soul here among you that is Latin, and perhaps it will be good for him if I learn it.” “O my brother, e... ...nd is not.”—Revela- tion, xvii. 8. 7 According to a belief, which the old commentators report as commonly held by the Florentines, if a murderer coul...

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...d and liv’d. My weary frame After short pause recomforted, again I journey’d on over that lonely steep, The hinder foot still firmer. Scarce the ascen... ...purpose to retrace my steps I turn’d. The hour was morning’s prime, and on his way Aloft the sun ascended with those stars, That with him rose, w... ...h long disuse of speech. When him in that great desert I espied, “Have mercy on me!” cried I out aloud, “Spirit! or living man! what e’er thou be!” ... ...esar all arm’d, and by Camilla there Penthesilea. On the other side Old King Latinus, seated by his child Lavinia, and that Brutus I beheld, Who Tarqu... ...hou here?” He thus to me: “My son! Oh let it not displease thee, if Brunetto Latini but a little space with thee Turn back, and leave his fellows to p... ... was silent all. v. 65. When the power of Julius.] This is explained by the commentators to mean “Although it was rather late with respect to my birt... ... of Saladin, by Bohao’edin Ebn Shedad, published by Albert Schultens, with a Latin translation. He is introduced by Petrarch in the Triumph of Fame, c... ...writers, availed themselves, before the Greek originals of Aristotle and his commentators were known to us in Europe.” According to D’Herbelot, he die... ... were replaced. v. 73. The just are two in number.] Who these two were, the commentators are not agreed. v. 79. Of Farinata and Tegghiaio.] See Cant...

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...e of all the efforts, often successful, that have been made to throw light on it, to bring forward a fresh document, or some ob- scure mention in a fo... ...he presbytery was close to the chateau. From that time legend has fastened on Rabelais, has completely travestied him, till, bit by bit, it has made o... ...ining about a hundred heads of illustrious Frenchmen. This sheet was stuck on pasteboard for hanging on the wall, and was cut in little pieces, so tha... ...g all the lofty minds. Rabelais threw himself into it with enthusiasm, and Latin antiquity was not enough for him. Greek, a study discountenanced by t... ... translation of Herodotus by Laurent Valla, Rabelais had retranslated into Latin the first book of the History. That translation unfortunately is lost... ... they used, and they dragged after them in this direction not a few of the Latin poets of the Renaissance, who believed themselves bound to imitate th... ...ts, counsellors, advocates, procurers, attor- neys, and other glossers and commentators on the venerable rubric, De frigidis et maleficiatis. You are,... ... that one of their hypothetes, that’s one of the scavengers, scourers, and commentators of their holy decretals, had written that, in the same manner ... ...f Scotus, though they treat of matters dark enough in themselves. The best commentators on that good father take the jubilee after the thirtieth to be...

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...he left The Divine Comedy of Dante Paradise 3 I saw Beatrice turn’d, and on the sun Gazing, as never eagle fix’d his ken. As from the first a seco... ...nd beam is wont To issue, and reflected upwards rise, E’en as a pilgrim bent on his return, So of her act, that through the eyesight pass’d Into my fa... ...h the power, Had with another sun bedeck’d the sky. Her eyes fast fix’d on the eternal wheels, Beatrice stood unmov’d; and I with ken Fix’d upon ... ...time. v. 104. The yellow lilies.] The French ensign. v. 110. Charles.] The commentators explain this to mean Charles II, king of Naples and Sicily.... ...eavy impositions laid on those places by the Perugians. For GIOGO, like the Latin JUGUM, will admit of either sense. v. 50. The east.] This is the e... ...Rabanus Maurus, Archbishop of Mentz, is deservedly placed at the head of the Latin writers of this age.” Mosheim, v. ii. cent. ix. p. 2 c. 2. 14. ... ...r. Johnes, will explain this allusion, which has given some trouble to the commentators. That traveler, who wrote before Dante, informs us, p. 138,... ...risse. Morg. Magg. c. 28. v. 43. William and Renard.] Probably not, as the commentators have imagined, William II of Orange, and his kinsman Raimba... ... H. C. III. 56. Dante writes his Vita Nuova. 1295. His preceptor, Brunetto Latini, dies. H. C. XV. 28. Charles Martel, king of Hungary, visits Flo...

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...Contents LETTER I.?ON THE QUAKERS .............................................................................................................................. 6 LETTER II.?ON THE QUAKERS ..........................................................

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...Marie Arouet) A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Publication Letters on England by Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet) is a publication of the Penn... ...ocument or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Letters on England by Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet), the Pennsylvania State Univ... ...a State University is an equal opportunity university. Contents LETTER I.—ON THE QUAKERS ............................................................... ...s-le-Grand, where he said after- wards that he had been taught nothing but Latin and the Stupidities. He was then sent to the law schools, and saw lif... ...light, the number of our planets, &c. And a man who maintained a thesis on Aristotle’s “Categories,” on the universals a parte rei, or such- like nons... ...s maintained that it was composed of parts in the same manner as the body. Aristotle, who has been explained a thousand ways, because he is unintellig... ... men is one and the same substance. The divine Plato, master of the divine Aristotle,—and the divine Socrates, master of the divine Plato—used to say ... ...niuses, are of infinitely more value than all the idle rhapsodies of those commentators; and I will join in opinion with all persons of good taste in ...

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Excerpt: A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers by Henry David Thoreau

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... David Thoreau A Penn State Electronic Classics Series Publication A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers by Henry David Thoreau is a publicati... ...document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers by Henry David Thoreau , the Pennsylva... ...University is an equal opportunity university. 3 HenryDavidThoreau A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers by Henry David Thoreau Where’er thou... ...the light footed air, the stealthy paced water, and the subterranean fire. Aristotle said, “ As time never fails, and the universe is eternal, neither... ...ate all philosophies, Atomists, Pneumatologists, Atheists, Theists,—Plato, Aristotle, Leucippus, Democritus, Pythagoras, Zoroaster, and Confucius. It ... ...ny communication which they make, that attracts us. Between them and their commentators, it is true, there is an endless dispute. But if it comes to t... ...ht of literature. In serene hours we contemplate the tour of the Greek and Latin authors with more pleasure than the traveller does the fairest scener... ...he Appian. Reading the clas sics, or conversing with those old Greeks and Latins in their surviving works, is like walking amid the stars and constel... ...ryden, and Pope, and Gray. Our summer of English poetry like the Greek and Latin before it, seems well advanced toward its fall, and laden with the fr...

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......................................................................... 125 ON A CERTAIN LADY AT COURT.................................................... ......................................................................... 126 ON HIS GROTTO AT TWICKENHAM, ................................................. ...................................................... 133 EPIGRAM, ENGRA VED ON THE COLLAR OF A DOG WHICH I GAVE TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS. 134 THE TRANSLAT... ... Read this, ere you translate one bit Of books of high renown. 2 Beware of Latin authors all! Nor think your verses sterling, Though with a golden pen... ... even to him, I entreat thee to consider how minutely all true critics and commentators are wont to insist upon such, and how material they seem to th... ...hose who have improved our language with the translations of old Greek and Latin authors.—We have already most of their histori- ans in our own tongue... ...gular character! Of which, let the reader make what he can. Doubtless most commentators would hence take occasion to turn all to their author’s advant... ...e law to words, or war with words alone, Senates and courts with Greek and Latin rule, And turn the council to a grammar school! 180... ... who brings,’ &c. Wonderful is the stupidity of all the former critics and commentators on this work! It breaks forth at the very first line. The auth...

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...proceed. ................ 19 CANTO III. The gate of Hell.?Virgil lends Dante in.?The punishment of the neither good nor bad.?Aeheron, and the sinners on its bank.?Charon.?Earthquake.?Dante swoons. ................................................................. 22 CANTO IV. The further side of Acheron.?Virgil leads Dante into Limbo, the First Circle of Hell, containing th...

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...e punishment of the neither good nor bad.—Aeher eher eher eher eheron, and on, and on, and on, and on, and the sinners on its bank.—Char the sinners o... ...nd the sinners on its bank.—Char the sinners on its bank.—Char the sinners on its bank.—Char the sinners on its bank.—Char the sinners on its bank.—Ch... ...ank.—Char the sinners on its bank.—Char the sinners on its bank.—Charon.—E on.—E on.—E on.—E on.—Ear ar ar ar arthquake.—D thquake.—D thquake.—D thqua... ...olence to Natur atur atur atur ature.—B e.—B e.—B e.—B e.—Br r r r runetto Latini.— unetto Latini.— unetto Latini.— unetto Latini.— unetto Latini.— P ... ...lan- guages. Love in English not only sounds but is different from amor in Latin, or amore in Italian. Even the most felicitous prose translation must... ... eyes; I saw Camilla and Penthesilea on the other side, and I saw the King Latinus, who was seated with Lavinia his daughter. I saw that Brutus who dr... ... of the north-west wind, here stands for that quar- ter of the heavens. 4 Aristotle, Ethics, vii. 1. 5 Outside the walls of the city of Dis. 6 Aris... ...l. But fix thine eyes 1 Empedocles taught, as Dante may have learned from Aristotle, that Love and Hate were the forces by which the elements of whic... ...; the unseemly tale is known only through Dante and his fourteenth-century commentators, and the latter, while agreeing that the Marquis was one of th...

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...owing it. The two Dialogues to gether contain the whole philosophy of Plato on the nature of love, which in the Republic and in the later writings of... ... of nature, which he seems to be drinking in for the first time. As they are on their way, Phaedrus asks the opinion of Socrates respecting the local ... ... power re siding within him, could make a speech better than that of Lysias on the same theme, and also different from his, if he may be allowed the ... ... in the Dia logues, and the gravity of Plato has sometimes imposed upon his commentators. The introduc tion of a considerable writing of another wou... ... a figure more nearly to the appetitive and moral or semi ratio nal soul of Aristotle. And thus, for the first time perhaps in the history of philoso... ...d years. And from this decline the Greek language and literature, unlike the Latin, which has come to life in new forms and been developed into the gr...

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...d revelation by imagination. CHAPTER II ? Of Prophets. A mistake to suppose that prophecy can give knowledge of phenomena Certainty of prophecy based on: (1) Vividness of imagination, (2) A Sign, (3) Goodness of the Prophet. Variation of prophecy with the temperament and opinions of the individual...

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... that prophecy can give knowledge of phenomena Certainty of prophecy based on: (1) Vividness of imagination, (2) A Sign, (3) Goodness of the Prophet. ... ...l election of the Jews. CHAPTER IV – Of the Divine Law. Laws either depend on natural necessity or on human decree. The existence of the latter not in... ...consistent with the former class of laws. Divine law a kind of law founded on human decree: called Divine from its object. Divine law: (1) universal; ... ...ould see an angel, but this is mere nonsense. (39) The sole object of such commentators seems to be to extort from Scripture confirmations of Aristote... ...nezzar told Daniel that he possessed the mind of the holy gods; so also in Latin anything well made is often said to be wrought with Divine hands, whi... ...s in his book which he calls “Kebod Elohim, or God’s Glory,” that although Aristotle (whom he considers to have written the best ethics and to be abov...

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.............................................................................................. 6 CANTO II. Proem.?Ascent to the Moon.?The cause of Spots on the Moon.?Influence of the Heavens. ........ 10 CANTO III. The Heaven of the Moon.?Spirits whose vows had been broken.?Piccarda Donati.?The Empress Constance. ..................................................................

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................... 6 CANTO II. Proem.—Ascent to the Moon.—The cause of Spots on the Moon.—Influence of the Heavens. ........ 10 CANTO III. The Heaven of... ... is not allowed to our faculties, thanks 3 The Muses were fabled to dwell on one peak of Parnassus, Apollo on the other. At the opening of the preced... ...r the name of the god himself. 6 In the spring the sun rises from a point on the horizon, where the four great circles, namely, the horizon, the zodi... ...und. 10 This is the light of the great Constance, 11 6 Of necessity; the Latin word being used for the rhyme’s sake. “Mansionem Deus haber non potes... ...rom her what was the vow which she did not fulfil. 8 According to the old commentators, her brother Corso forced Piccarda by violence to leave the co... ...n of the Roman Law. 6 The divine nature only. Dante here follows Brunetto Latini (Li T resor, I. ii. 87) in an historical error. 7 Of the two terms ... ...ociety cannot exist without diversity in the functions of its members. 29 Aristotle, “the master of human reason, who treats of this in many places, ... ...fore me.” Here, as sometimes elsewhere, it is not evi- dent why Dante uses Latin words. 3 The reference is to the Epistle of James, which Dante, fall...

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...lace in your good thoughts, I had almost said friendship. This, my lord, your words and actions so constantly show on all occa- sions, even to others ... ...ld write of the Understanding with- out having any, if I were not extremely sensible of them, and did not lay hold on this opportunity to testify to t... ...d it, because it is unknown. Thus he who has raised himself above the alms-basket, and, not content to live lazily on scraps of begged opinions, sets ... ...- end names, and do not, as they did, employ our own reason to understand those truths which gave them reputation. Aristotle was certainly a knowing m... ... and paper a thing that held forth letters: a notable way of having clear ideas of letters and paper. But were the Latin words, inhaerentia and substa... ... many distinct beings; which has been no small occasion of wrangling, obscurity, and uncertainty, in questions re- lating to them. 7. Whence the idea... ... any idea, but the want or absence of some ideas, simple or com- plex, or all ideas together; such as are nihil in Latin, and in English, ignorance an... ...ell satisfied of the meaning of a text of Scrip- ture, or clause in the code, at first reading, has, by consulting commentators, quite lost the sense ... ... the greatest difficulty. 23. Especially of the Old and New Testament Scriptures. The volumes of interpreters and commentators on the Old and New Tes...