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...āt al-Shar’iyyah Referanslı Bitola (Makedonya) Olayı Mesut Idriz 231 Written Traces in Archives and Museums of Montenegro – An Essay in History of Culture Karadağ Arşivlerinde ve Müzelerde Yazılı İzler – Kültür Tarihi ile İlgili Deneme Dragana Kujovic 249 XVI-XIX. Yüzyıllardaki Arnavut Halk Mimarisi Albanıan Folk Archıtecture Durıng the XVI-XIXth Centuries Emin Rız...

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... and Balkan Peninsula Nizamettin Parlak 293 Türk İslam Kültürünün ve Sanatının Polonya Kültürüne ve Sanatına Etkisi The Impact of Turkish Islamic Culture and Art on the Culture and Art of Poland Öztürk Emiroğlu 321 Erken Dönem Macarlar Arasında İslam Islam among Early Era Hungarıans Osman Karatay 369 Balkanların İslamlaşmasında Osmanlı Devleti’nin Siyasi ve İdari ...

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...ive bands were in the mountains. Serbian and Bulgarian comitadjis, Greek andartes, Albanians and Vlachs... all waging a terrorist war" Leon Sciaky ... ...l Program" demanded a recognition of a Macedonian nation with its own language and culture. They stopped short of insisting on an independent state... ...nded mind games Macedonia was subjected to by the Big Powers. Misirkov believed in culture as an identity preserving force. And the purveyors and c... ...ved in culture as an identity preserving force. And the purveyors and conveyors of culture were the teachers. "So the teacher in Yugoslavia is oft... ...Some wished to be incorporated in Bulgaria, the civilized and advanced society and culture. Others wanted an independent state - though they, too, ... ...a. In the areas Brailsford knew, the authorities had little power. He writes: 'An Albanian went by night into a Bulgarian village and fired into t... ...egarded as an enemy. ... The prefect...endeavored to arrest the murderer, but [his Albanian] village took up his cause, and the gendarmes returned ... ... to confront an even more bitter foe, the Ottoman Empire on the thin pretext of an Albanian uprising. The brotherhood strained in the Treaty of Lon... ...rn on Serb occupied territory. The creation of this (artificial, so the Serbs felt) Albanian state deprived Serbia - alone among the victors - from ...

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...reaks the chains of ignorance that held most of mankind in bondage for millennia. -- 14. Printers as Agents of Change-After the fall of Rome, Western culture focuses for centuries on guarding rather than expanding accumulated knowledge, but the shift from script to print amplifies, reinforces, and disseminates the power of knowledge. -- 15. Capitalists‘ Link to Ink-Printer...

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...ia. 14. Printers as Agents of Change After the fall of Rome, Western culture focuses for centuries on guarding rather than expanding accumulate... ... Sea. The eastward migration from the Black Sea left tongue-prints in Albanian, Armenian, Balto-Slavic, Indian, and Iranian branches. To the we... ... just to learn to read, write, and do simple arithmetic. Pictographic culture‘s rigorous nature, moreover, left priests and scribes with little ... ... for the four centuries before 1500 BC. Bringing together those different cultures must have made it obvious that they needed an easier way to commu... ... The Chinese language‘s continuity and flexibility has sustained China‘s culture down through the ages—perhaps most significantly by helping to uni... ...four years. His travelogue featured cities with golden roofs in a Chinese culture so far superior to anything in the West that it dazzled his reader...

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..., up bringing, wealth, and social responsibilities. A succession of societies and cultures discriminated against the ignorant, criminals, atheists... ...with its proponents in the exact sciences as well - ran deeper than that. The very culture of commerce was thoroughly permeated and transformed. It... ...ogical narcissism is not an isolated phenomenon. It is embedded in our contemporary culture. The West's is a narcissistic civilization. It upholds ... ...issism is often blurred by educators and parents. Both Christopher Lasch in "The Culture of Narcissism" and Theodore Millon in his books about pe... ...its. Social thinkers like the aforementioned Lasch speculated that modern American culture - a self-centred one - increases the rate of incidence o... ...gain, to adopt strict anti-corruption legislation. In Albania, the Chairman of the Albanian Socialist Party, Fatos Nano, was accused by Albanian me... ...ty, Fatos Nano, was accused by Albanian media of laundering $1 billion through the Albanian government. Pavel Borodin, the former chief of Kremlin ...

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...ully. II. Issues in the Calculus of Rights IIA. The Hierarchy of Rights All human cultures have hierarchies of rights. These hierarchies reflect c... ...es, not primary ones. There have been periods in human history and there have been cultures devoid of either or both. The primary asymmetry seems t... ...with its proponents in the exact sciences as well - ran deeper than that. The very culture of commerce was thoroughly permeated and transformed. It... ...dependent. In some cases, pain is perceived as positive and is sought. In the Aztec cultures, being chosen to be sacrificed to the Gods was a high h... ...ocaust. Nazism posed as a rebellion against the "old ways" - against the hegemonic culture, the upper classes, the established religions, the super... ...l Serbs. Croats fought Serbs and Bosnians to defend dilapidated Croat settlements. Albanians fought the Serbs through the good services of Kosovars... ...o start all over again - which is more than can be said about thousands of Kosovar Albanians. Ethnic cleansing has many faces, brutality is not its...

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...ully. II. Issues in the Calculus of Rights IIA. The Hierarchy of Rights All human cultures have hierarchies of rights. These hierarchies reflect c... ...es, not primary ones. There have been periods in human history and there have been cultures devoid of either or both. The primary asymmetry seems t... ...with its proponents in the exact sciences as well - ran deeper than that. The very culture of commerce was thoroughly permeated and transformed. It... ...dependent. In some cases, pain is perceived as positive and is sought. In the Aztec cultures, being chosen to be sacrificed to the Gods was a high h... ...ocaust. Nazism posed as a rebellion against the "old ways" - against the hegemonic culture, the upper classes, the established religions, the super... ...l Serbs. Croats fought Serbs and Bosnians to defend dilapidated Croat settlements. Albanians fought the Serbs through the good services of Kosovars... ...o start all over again - which is more than can be said about thousands of Kosovar Albanians. Ethnic cleansing has many faces, brutality is not its...

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...ia. 14. Printers as Agents of Change After the fall of Rome, Western culture focuses for centuries on guarding rather than expanding accumulate... ...ack Sea. The eastward migration from the Black Sea left tongue-prints in Albanian, Armenian, Balto-Slavic, Indian, and Iranian branches. To the we... ...ng just to learn to read, write, and do simple arithmetic. Pictographic culture‘s rigorous nature, moreover, left priests and scribes with little ... ... for the four centuries before 1500 BC. Bringing together those different cultures must have made it obvious that they needed an easier way to commu... ... The Chinese language‘s continuity and flexibility has sustained China‘s culture down through the ages—perhaps most significantly by helping to uni... ...four years. His travelogue featured cities with golden roofs in a Chinese culture so far superior to anything in the West that it dazzled his reader...

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...the United States, is often perceived as trying to impose its narcissistic pseudo-culture upon a world exhausted by wars hot and cold and corrupte... ...of brain with brawn (i.e., money or bombs), its legalistic-litigious character, its culture of instant gratification and one-dimensional over-simpl... ... foes, often one and the same. The global spread of American influence through its culture, political alliances, science and multinationals is mere... ... our will. Soft power works through attraction ... Our attractiveness rests on our culture, our political values and our policies by taking into ac... ... all-pervasive and missionary. It permeates every aspect of social cooperation and culture. It is an organizing principle, a narrative, a philosoph... ... geopolitical goals against its enemies - very much as the Afghan Mujaheedin or the Albanian KLA collaborated with the USA and its sidekick, the EU,... ...ppear wherever there is a war (during Bosnia's struggle for independence and in the Albanian civil war, in Chechnya, Kashmir and so on). Their "he... ... Conspiracy theorists in the Balkan have long speculated on the true nature of the Albanian uprising in Macedonia. According to them, Afghanistan w... ...nstitutions-building and a transition to self-governance by the now overwhelmingly Albanian populace. Its mission was divided to four "pillars": P...

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...lty. Yes Commander.‖ ---―As we move from religion to religion and culture to culture throughout history, monotheists and polytheists think a... ... panentheistic. Yet the Cherokees were monotheistic. The Central American cultures of the Aztecs and Mayans seemed to be polytheistic. Obviously if ... ...r them. We find that evidence in the scriptures of the Indian and Persian cultures. A Jew, a Christian or a Muslim would immediately dismiss their r... ...ious country is a more moral country. The idea that materialism leads to ―cultures of death‖ is the official opinion of your church, father. Pope Jo... ...nion of your church, father. Pope John Paul II said that ―the pro-abortion culture is especially strong precisely where the Church‘s teaching on cont... ... about 10% each of Catholics and Orthodox, in their society which was 90% Albanians. And Macedonia is two thirds Orthodox and one third Muslims in it... ...s two thirds Orthodox and one third Muslims in its 70% Macedonian and 20% Albanian population. Such differences tend to be problems in a society. ... ...or no hope. For some, economic survival is just across a border or a sea. Albanians crossing to Greece, Africans sailing to Spain, Mexicans scaling ...

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...f losing their man. 35 “Arranged marriages are still common in cultures like the Muslim and Hindu. And even worse, suspected indiscretion... ...ipping boys‟, or should we say „whipping girls.‟ 36 “The Western culture and media are huge threats to the impoverished or unsuccessful male... ... and 19% in the U.S.” —“So the obstacles for women seem to vary from culture to culture. The glass ceiling seems to change only in its height f... ...er jobs the floods of immigrants from different places, faiths, races and cultures will be left to turn their anger on each other and, very likely, ... .... In Spain Latin American gangs are causing problems. In Greece it is the Albanians. In Norway it is the Lithuanians and Pakistanis. In France, the N... ...1 “Social mobility occurs because superior people emerge within the culture and rise to the top. Edison, Einstein, Lincoln and Obama are such ...

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...an one fifth of the population of 1983 Israel were involved in a banking scandal of Albanian proportions. It was a classic pyramid scheme. All the b... ...with its proponents in the exact sciences as well - ran deeper than that. The very culture of commerce was thoroughly permeated and transformed. It... ...e, up bringing, wealth, and social responsibilities. A succession of societies and cultures discriminated against the ignorant, criminals, atheists... ... Prague and Skopje, 2000 Winner of numerous awards, among them Israel's Council of Culture and Art Prize for Maiden Prose (1997), The Rotary Club A...

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...n: 3,085,985 (July 1987), average annual growth rate 2.03% Nationality: noun Albanian(s); adjec- tive Albanian Ethnic divisions: 96% Albanian; remain-... ...nces prohibited; pre-1967 estimates of religious affiliation 70% Muslim, 20% Albanian Orthodox, 10% Roman Catholic Language: Albanian (Tosk is officia... ...ry four years; last elections 1 February 1987 Political parties and leaders: Albanian Workers Party only; First Secretary, Ramiz Alia (since April 198... ...l, 2,093 km improved or unimproved earth (1975) Inland waterways: 43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1979) Pip... ... TV stations; 50,000 TV sets; 210,000 receiver sets Defense Forces Branches: Albanian People's Army, Fron- tier Troops, Interior Troops, Albanian Coas... ...force: 1.66 million (1980); 732,806 (1980) in salaried employment; 54% agri- culture, 25% government, 9% industry and commerce, 8% services Government... ...men 59.5, women 65.1 Literacy: 82% Labor force: 26 million (1984); 73% agri- culture, 11% industry and commerce, 10% services, 6% government; 8% unemp... ...n 53.3, women 56.8 Literacy: 45-55% Labor force: 1,985,000 (1985); 78% agri- culture; 18% mining, manufacturing, construction; 4% transport and servic...

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... - paradoxism [in Swedish, introduced by Kristina Staude] - paradoxism [in Albanian, introduced by Irma Spaho] - paradoxism [in Chinese, introduc... ... français. Et dans celles-ci, l’auteur cite des textes exemplaires pour leur culture de contradictions, antinomies, antithèses, anti-phrases, antago... ...tually informed and temperamentally predisposed), the playsome (as an act of culture, cf. Huizinga), according the formula of a calculation of proba... ...e the paradoxists”. “The popular wisdom – he said –, but also a part of the cultured creation, fits perfectly the classic paradoxist stencil”. We d...

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...ies or intellectual part of religion, a very diminished fervor attends the culture of its moral and practical part. This was perhaps one reason; for t... ...n the barbaresque taste, to support themselves under the frown of European culture. VIII. The first rude sketch of the Hebrew SANDAL may be traced in ... ... and few histories are written except in the simplest condition of hu- man culture, which do not in part assume its functions, or which are content to... ...ls, was peculiarly fitted for com- municating the benefits of intellectual culture to the rest of the European continent, and for sustaining the great... ...wer- fully veined with Latin; their dress differing from that of all their Albanian neighbors, resembles the dress of Dacian cap- 119 Thomas de Quinc... ...redominat- ing, there, to a single family almost, you may affirm all to be Albanian. Well; but what is Albanian? For the Albanian race, as having its ... ... &c., may still be Grecian by descent: but unfortunately it is not so. The Albanians are no more Grecian, and notoriously no more represent the old le... ...so in Wales, in Cornwall, or other western recesses of the island. And the Albanians are held to be a Sclavonic race—such at least is the accredited t... ...llect that he sees no reason for disputing the general impression, that an Albanian or hy- brid population is mainly in possession of the soil, and th...

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...o marked because of the greater flexibility and adaptability of the French culture. All military people—people, that is, professionally and pri- maril... ...was drawn with an extraordinary disregard of the el- ementary needs of the Albanians of that region. It ran along the foot of the mountains which form... ...estore these market towns, Ipek, Jakova, and Prisrend, to Albania. But the Albanians have no standing in this war; theirs is the happy lot that might ... ...be taken of Albania’s plight in the region. In which case these particular Albanians will either be driven into exile to America or they will be goade... ...sh-speaking ring-fence with W arsaw. What everyone who has looked into the Albanian question desires is that the Al- banians shall pasture their flock...

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... and crowded khan. Here for the first time Amanda made the acquaintance of Albanian women and was carried off to the woman’s region at the top of the ... ... but blank, black, damnable ignorance. One fool stands up for the Catholic Albanians, another finds heroes in the Servians, another talks of Brave Lit... ...t dusty huddle of horses and mules and riders. The horse-owner, voluble in Albanian, was trying to get past them. His boy pressed be- hind him. Giorgi... ...ere in an entirely different environment was another dis- cord of race and culture, and he found in his study of it much that illuminated and correcte... ...nto human dis- sensions in lower Bengal. Here there were not only race but culture conflicts, and he could work particularly upon the differences betw... ...sed,” said the young American. 5 5 5 5 5 Benham’s notes on race and racial cultures gave White tanta- lizing glimpses of a number of picturesque exper... ...e future and not to the past, and it will be the best social and political culture in the world. That, indeed, is what is happening. Mix Chinese cultu... ...asperating. He tried to barb his offence. He amplified the indictment. All cultures must be judged by their reaction and fatigue products, and Confuci...

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... Westport you might fancy yourself overlooking the estab- lishment of some Albanian Pacha. Crowds of irregular help- ers and grooms, many of them tota... ...g apart from the urban aristocracy, and standing on a dif- ferent level of culture as to intellect, of polish as to manners, and of interests as to so... ...n had thus become the great organ of human 58 Memorials, and Other Papers culture. Lady Carbery advanced half-way to meet me in these new views, find... ...n philologically profound scholars, which at that time, from the imperfect culture of philology, they could not eas- ily have been; men they were whom... ...ublic, I had already made, and had made op- erative to my own intellectual culture in the same year when I clandestinely quitted school. Already, in 1... ...me are to be understood, not only those who speak Greek, but the Christian Albanians of Roumelia and the Morea, speaking a different language, but uni... ...ould have perse- vered, but for an affront which he could not overlook. An Albanian, named Ismael Pasho Bey, once a member of Ali’s household, had inc... ...e narrow territory of Megaris, situated to the north of the isth- mus. The Albanian population of this country, amounting to about ten thousand, and e... ...he had for- merly commanded as a lieutenant of Ali Pacha’s. Next arose the Albanian peasantry of Attica, gathering in armed bodies to the west of Athe...

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...s can meet all the cases. In Macedonia, for instance, there is a jumble of Albanian, Serbian, Bulgarian, Greek and Rumanian villages always jostling o... ...t a kindred nation plead- ing for the scattered people of its own race and culture, or any nation presenting a case on behalf of some otherwise unrepr...

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..., he, if reduced to choose from them, would choose Cambridge as a place of culture for the young idea. So that, in these bad circumstances, Ster- ling... ...r can display on the stage; but I have no doubt that, by practice and self-culture, 47 Thomas Carlyle she will be a far finer actress at least than a... ... Sterling’s habit. It is expected in this Nineteenth Century that a man of culture shall under- stand and worship Art: among the windy gospels address... ...d on nearer ap- proach was found really to contain Captain Sterling and an Albanian manservant on the front, and behind under the hood Mrs. A. Sterlin... ...the she portion of the tail. They seemed very well; and, having turned the Albanian back to the rear of the whole machine, I sat by Anthony, and enter... ... the time; im- proved in health, too; but probably little enriched in real culture or spiritual strength; and indeed not permanently altered by his to...

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...unt- ess and Albert, to inquire of the former if she knew who was the fair Albanian opposite, since beauty such as hers was well worthy of being obser... ...“I asked you a short time since if you knew any particulars respecting the Albanian lady opposite; I must now beseech you to inform me who and what is... ... abilities with which nature had endowed you have been weakened by want of culture; and, in short, whether you consider yourself capable of resuming a...

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... wondrous scenery of clas- sic Greece, with daring adventures among robber Albanians, such as seemed too strange for the quiet inert John Martindale, ... ... gales from heaven, 399 Yonge and gently turned them to seek training and culture, till the most gnarled and hardened had learnt patiently to endure ... ... abused. There had of course been opportunities, but there had been little culture or guidance in his early days; his confirmation had taken place as ...

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...us and worthy nature with- out proper discipline, like a rich soil without culture, is apt, with its better fruits, to produce also much that is bad a... ...per and his superior character which, like a plant, seemed only to require culture and a better situation, he urged and persuaded him to apply himself... ...bians came up from the sea be- yond Babylon; and from the Caspian sea, the Albanians and the Iberians their neighbors, and not a few of the free peopl...

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... of followers and some degree of approval from millions more? The history, culture, and body of beliefs from which Bin Ladin has shaped and spread his... ...onvert to Islam, and end the immorality and godlessness of its society and culture:“It is saddening to tell you that you are the worst civ- ilization ... ...ls led most independence movements, and clerical influence and traditional culture were seen as obstacles to national progress. After gaining independ... ...d little if any attention to the rest of the world’s thought, history, and culture.The secular education reflected a strong cultural preference for te... ...abroad, lacked the perspective and skills needed to understand a different culture. Frustrated in their search for a decent living, unable to benefit ... ...nowledge to disrupt a number of Bin Ladin–asso- ciated cells.W orking with Albanian authorities, CIA operatives had raided an al Qaeda forgery operati...

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...fer ideas absolutely sepa- rate and exclusive to themselves. In the highly cultured lan- guages of England, France, and Germany, are words, by thou- s... ...on establishment. Every man of these four thousand soldiers, chiefly brave Albanians—every man of this little army was basely, brutally, in the very s... ...n its motive, but unfortu- nately operating with the full effect of genial culture. Mas- ters, who have made themselves notorious by indiscriminate fo... ...slamism, even in its palmy con- dition, for amalgamating with any superior culture. And the specific action of Mahometan ism in the African case, as c...

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...ormed! It was not a matter of life but rather of death, as the saying is. ‘Albanians!’ and ‘devils!’ and ‘To Siberia!’” said Berg with a sagacious smi... ...f Russia, or the balance of power in Europe, or a certain kind of European culture called “progress” appear to me to be good or bad, I must admit that... ...glance from under his brows. “Prince Theodore and all those. T o encourage culture and philanthropy is all very well of course. The aim is excellent b... ... states to the writers of general histories and the new his- tories of the culture of that period. The strangeness and absurdity of these replies aris... ...r produces events. A third class of historians—the so-called historians of culture-following the path laid down by the universal his- torians who some... ...y see it in what is called cul- ture—in mental activity. The historians of culture are quite consistent in regard to their progenitors, the writers of...