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This booklet from the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of General Medical Sciences explains the role of genes in health and disease, the basics of DNA and its molecular cousin RNA, and new directions in genetic research. It is available in e-pub (http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/epubs/TheNewGenetics.epub) and PDF (http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/thenewgenetics.pdf) formats....

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The Path of Splitness is a major non fiction work of 1,868 pages: This is the latest revised version. The book analyzes and explains: 1: The origins of our Universe: where it came from and how it was created. 2: Basic aspects and dynamics of the Organic Universe and Organic Life. 3: The origins of modern humans going back 25 million years. 4: Human Psycho-biology. 5: The beginnings of civilization. 6: The effect of civilization upon humans. 7: Death, the existence of evil and its effect on humans. Offered as a free E-book at: http://thepathofsplitness.com/ ...

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Chapter 1: The Universe. Pgs 1-112 How the Universe came into being. Chapter 2: Life Pgs 113-131 Structural dynamics of the Universe and Life Chapter 3: Hominids Pgs 132-187 A: How we evolved into Humans Pgs 188-222 B: Summary of Hominid-Human Development Chapter 4: Modern Human Dynamics Pgs 223-266 Human Psycho-biologic Totality. Chapter 5: Modern Humans: Pgs 267-299 The Transition from Hunter-gatherers to Settlements Chapter 6: Civilization Pgs 300-704 A: The Beginnings of Civilization Pgs 705-1474 B: The Effect of Civilization on Humans Pgs 1475-1868 Chapter 7: Entities and the Alternative ...

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This booklet from the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of General Medical Sciences reveals how structural biology provides insight into health and disease and is useful in developing new medications. It is available in e-pub (http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/epubs/StructuresofLife.epub) and PDF (http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/structlife/structlife.pdf) formats....

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This booklet from the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of General Medical Sciences makes cell biology come alive through vivid descriptions and stunning images. It is available in e-pub (http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/epubs/InsidetheCell.epub) and PDF (http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell/insidethecell.pdf) formats....

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This publication from the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of General Medical Sciences showcases the exciting ways that scientists are using the power of computers to expand our knowledge of biology and medicine. It is available in e-pub (http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/epubs/ComputingLife.epub) and PDF (http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/computinglife/computing_life.pdf) formats....

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Describing a novel way of drawing the ground plan of Stonehenge with the peg and string method, revealing previously unknown relationships.

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Stonehenge is a supposedly Neolithic monument located on Salisbury plain in Southern England. A study of the monument ground-plan raises a number of questions that are not answered by existing science. Questions such as: - ‘How could primitive men subdivide a circle into 56 equal parts?’ The questions are not answered with the keys provided by science. We need a ‘dumb-key’ to resolve the problems and answer the questions. The dumb-key is found by asking ourselves what geometric drawing implements did the builders have? They must have marked the ground with some kind of plan or they would not have known where to dig the holes to place the stones. The only geometric implements they would have had access to would be the basic ones that men living in the wild might find in the environment. They would no doubt have a long straight pole or stick to use as a measure, and sharpened pegs to scratch lines in the turf, or to drive into the ground to mark places. They would have rope, or the ancient equivalent, made out of twisted fibres or knotted hide thongs. Pulled tight these would provide a straight line, which could be marked on the...

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Acknowledgements………………………………………..…..4 Introduction………………………………………………..……..5 Drawing the Ground-Plan………………………….…………6 Outer Monument…………………………………………………7 Inner Monument……………………………………………….19 Astro-Archaeology…………………………………………….26 Summary of Astronomy…………………….………………29 Graphs ………………………..……………….27 & 28, 31& 34 Tables 1,2,3…………………………………………….37,38,39 Exercise with Px……………………………………….………40 Printable Graphs………………………………………..42 & 43 ...

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Aspectos físicos de la conexión entre psiquismo y cerebro ("alma" y cuerpo) y la producción de emociones, en la más importante tradición neurobiológica iberoamericana; énfasis en física contemporánea. Excelente resumen de una de las líneas de trabajo científico divulgada por The MIT Press ese mismo año, desarrollada en el Hospital Borda (Buenos Aires), donde la tradición originada hacia 1767 está activa desde 1899 (Monumento Histórico Nacional) y formó más de 4500 profesionales de la medicina, ciencias naturales y filosofía, con fuerte militancia sociocultural y conceptos independientes de la ciencia angloestadounidense (consciousness studies). Incluye una reproducción de la primera patente del mundo por un organismo vivo artificial (hoy hay miles) que data de 1976 y fue otorgada por Su Majestad la reina Isabel de Inglaterra a un científico del Borda. ...

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Palabras clave / keywords: acción física, alma, amnesia, antropología filosófica, Argentina, causalidad, consciencia, cuántica, cuantización del presente, delgadez interválica del presente, Disco de Crocco, Dr. José T. Borda, EEG, electroencefalografía, electromagnetismo, embriones, EMG, electroneurobiología, entonaciones subjetivas, espíritu, evolución de la biósfera, filosofía, física relativística, historia de la ciencia, historia de la física latinoamericana, historia de la neurociencia, Hospital Borda, interacciones físicas, interacciones noemáticas, interaccionismo, intervalo, Juan Manuel de Rosas, Kaluza-Klein, marsupiales, Mario Crocco, memoria, Mossotti, negación de la perduración, Néstor Ravazza, neurobiología, neurociencias, neurodinámica, origen del sistema nervioso, positivismo iberoamericano, psique, psiquismo, QED, relatividad, retentiva mnésica, sensaciones en física, Santos Lugares de Rosas, vida artificial, zarigüeya ...

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Prof. Dr. Norberto C. Contreras Algunos aportes de Mario Crocco a la neurobiología y psicofísica Ein Festschrift zum 62. Geburtstag am 20. Februar 2008 La guerra por recuperar "su" puerto Bichólogo Haciendo cuentas Encuentro con viejas amigas en donde "no debían" encontrarse El alma en la física La ciencia se disgrega cuando las disputas políticas meten la cola Creado en la anglofonía, King Kong rescata de su enfoque las ciencias cautivas Las acciones de las almas dejan huella en la naturaleza ¿Todavía se puede hablar en serio de "otras dimensiones"? El disco de Crocco Semoviencia y definición objetiva de psiquismo El único presente, interválicamente delgadísimo y sin intervalos perdurantes, en que ocurre la acción causal Contraste del cambio intramental y el cambio extramental: la diferencia entre molaridad y molecularidad en la acción causal Si las almas instrumentan una nueva acción fundamental de la naturaleza, la ciencia natural habrá de describir esta del mismo modo que lo hace con las otras El acople entre modalidades de interacción, o cómo el cerebro conectaría y ...

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Excerpt: In these times of ours, though concerning the exact year there is no need to be precise, a boat of dirty and disreputable appearance, with two figures in it, floated on the Thames, between Southwark bridge which is of iron, and London Bridge which is of stone, as an autumn evening was closing in....

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Excerpt: Buda-Pesth seems a wonderful place, from the glimpse which I got of it from the train and the little I could walk through the streets. I feared to go very far from the station, as we had arrived late and would start as near the correct time as possible....

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The book, also known as Darwin's Journal of Researches, is a vivid and exciting travel memoir as well as a detailed scientific field journal covering biology, geology, and anthropology that demonstrates Darwin's keen powers of observation, written at a time when Western Europeans were still discovering and exploring much of the rest of the world. Although Darwin revisited some areas during the expedition, for clarity the chapters of the book are ordered by reference to places and locations rather than chronologically. With hindsight, ideas which Darwin would later develop into his theory of evolution by natural selection are hinted at in his notes and in the book (Summary from Wikipedia)....

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Science, Travel

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An original book focused on the anatomical features in halophytes from Romania. A very good tool for understanding the ecological value of adaptations in plants vegetating on saline habitats. It comprises 500 original photos taken on light microscope - all being original contribution. Coming with an English abstract. ...

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"Most of water on the earth is salty and yet most of the land is not. Over the millennia, salts have been washed from rocks and soils into the oceans where they have accumulated. Where the oceans meet the land then saline areas can form that have an unusual flora, one that tolerates salt concentrations lethal to most of our plant species. These salt-tolerant plants are called halophytes. Halophytes were recognised in the late 1700s, but it took a further hundred years or so before their scientific study began. Since then, there has been a small but steady increase in the numbers of scientific publications on the biochemistry, physiology, ecology and potential economic uses of halophytes. In recent years, the need to feed a burgeoning world population has focussed attention on limitations to agricultural production and the part halophytes might play in our ability to raise crops on saline soils. The saline fringes of the oceans constitute a small proportion of the world’s land surface and are not particularly important agriculturally. However, these saline fringes are not the only salt-affected soils on the world’s land surface. Sal...

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“I like the idea of mental synthesis very much ... I quite agree that language evolved in a way that facilitates synthesis and transmission of the synthesized mental image. ... I don't think there can be much doubt, purely conceptually, that language was a late arrival. Whatever mutation provided the key to it would have had no selectional advantage at all, and would have just been a useless “organ,” if it could not have linked up to pre-existing thought systems.” —NOAM CHOMSKY, Professor Emeritus of Linguistics, MIT “Boston University’s Andrey Vyshedskiy brings a neuroscientist’s perspective to the discussion of human mental history in On the Origin of the Human Mind.” —Scientific American Mind (July 2009) “I found the Mental Synthesis theory stimulating and provocative. The author puts forward an explanation for the evolution of the human mind based on predator detection that led to increased visual mental analysis which set the stage for visual mental syntheses. The author presents an impressive array of recent research on the brain with up to date references that are highly relevant to his case and the origin of mi...

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Introduction While studying the neuroscience of consciousness, I was struck with certain facts about mental imagery that seemed to shed some light on the process of the evolution of the human mind. The origin of the human mind remains one of the greatest mysteries of all times. The last 150 years, since Charles Darwin proposed that species evolve under the influence of natural selection (Darwin C, 1859), have been marked by great discoveries. Molecular biology described the genetic principles underlying species evolution and identified specific changes in the human genome since our lineage split off from the chimpanzee line about six million years ago (Somel M, 2013). Great paleontological discoveries have filled that span of six million years of human evolution with a number of intermediate species that display both human- and ape-like characteristics. However, the discussion of the evolution of the human intellect and specific forces that shaped the underlying brain evolution is as vigorous today as it was in Darwin’s times. At the center of the predicament about the origin of the human mind lies the question of human uniqu...

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Introduction 1 Part 1. Neuroscience of imagination 5 Chapter 1. Object encoding in the brain 6 Chapter 2. Neuronal synchronization 26 Chapter 3. Imagining new objects 32 Chapter 4. External manifestations of mental synthesis 39 Chapter 5. Humans versus animals 80 Chapter 6: Overall Discussion of Part 1 108 Part 2. Evolution of the Human Mind 135 Chapter 7. Introduction: a quick guide to paleoanthropology 136 Chapter 8. Cognitive evolution through the prism of paleontological evidence 160 Chapter 9. Evolutionary pressure drives better predator detection 191 Chapter 10. Overall Discussion of Part 2 219 Part 3. The “last” mutation 254 Chapter 11. The role of the prefrontal cortex in the process of mental synthesis 256 Chapter 12. Evolution of the prefrontal cortex 277 Conclusions 327 A wish list of experiments 339 Appendix 367 Acknowledgments 400 Bibliography 401 Illustrations credits 428 About the author 430 ...

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The concept of science and the sciences. Fundamental and historical development in the sciences. Great ideas that revolutionize our scientific world. The story of the cell and Biology. The birth of modern Biology. The rise of the modern University and experimental stations. The cell as the basic building block of life. The origin of life. The development of microbiology and microscopy. The germ theory of diseases, vaccines, and antibiotics. The vector insects and infectious diseases. The virus, viral diseases, and vaccines. The principle of vegetation and the basic requirements of plants. William Harvey, the heart and the circulatory system. Carl Linneaus and the development of modern taxonomy in biology. Charles Darwin and the development of evolution in biology. Gregor Mendel and the development of genetics and the laws of heredity....

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THE GREATEST FUNDAMENTAL INVENTIONS CREATED BY MOTHER NATURE THE ATOM AND ITS CAPACITY TO STORE AND RELEASE UNIVERSAL ENERGY BY MEANS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES THE CELL AND ITS CAPACITY TO SUSTAIN INDEPENDENT LIFE BY MEANS OF UNIQUE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND ITS CAPACITY TO TRANSFORM SOLAR (LIGHT) ENERGY INTO CHEMICAL AND FOOD ENERGY BY MEANS OF BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES LIGHT AND ITS CAPACITY TO TRANSPORT ENERGY AND CHANGE OUR UNIVERSE BY TRANSFORMING DARKNESS INTO LIGHTNESS BY THE MIRACLE OF ILLUMINATION THE PHENOMENON OF ELECTROMAGNETISM AND ITS CAPACITY TO PRODUCE THE DYNAMIC ELECTRIC CURRENT THAT ENERGIZES AND POWERS OUR UNIVERSE AND THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL OF ALL OF NATURE’S INTUITIVE CREATIONS IS THE PROCESS OF UNIVERSAL TRANSFORMATION, WHERE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION TRANSFORM MATTER, ENERGY, SPACE, TIME AND LIFE ITSELF ...

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INTRODUCTION 1 ABSTRACT ON THE CONCEPT OF PERSPECTIVE AND SENSE OF DUTY 4 THE CONCEPT OF SCIENCE 5 FUNDAMENTAL AND HISTORIC DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SCIENCES 7 ABSTRACT ON THE ATOM AND ITS ENERGY 11 GREAT IDEAS THAT REVOLUTIONIZED OUR SCIENTIFIC WORLD 16 DEMOCRITUS (470 - 380 BC) Greek Philosopher 16 NICHOLAS COPERNICUS (1473 - 1543) Polish Astronomer 17 GALILEO GALILEI (1564 - 1642) Italian Mathematician and Astronomer 18 RENE DESCARTES (1596 - 1650) French Mathematician and Philosopher. 19 ISAAC NEWTON (1642 - 1727) English Scientist and Mathematician 20 ANTOINE LAVOISIER (1743 - 1794) French Chemist 23 JOHN DALTON (1766 - 1844) English Chemist 24 JONS J. BERZELIUS (1779 - 1848) Swedish Chemist 25 HUMPHRY DAVY (1778 - 1829) English Chemist 25 AMEDEO AVOGADRO (1776 - 1856) Italian Physicist 26 DMITRI MENDELEEV (1834 - 1907) Russian Chemist 26 FRIEDRICH A. KEKULE (1829 - 1896) German Organic Chemist 27 JACOBUS VAN’T HOFF (1852 - 1911) Dutch Physical Chemist 28 WILLIAM H. WOLLASTON (1766 - 1828) English Chemist and Physicist 28 EDWARD FRANKLAND (1825 - 1899) English Chemist 29 SVANTE A. ARRHENIUS (1859 -...

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The 2000 year history of the atom and chemistry, from the Classic Greek Era to the present, is described in 800 pages, depicted with some 300 pictures and illustrations. This history of the atom and chemistry discusses the lives of about 180 chemists and physicists, through the evolution of several stages of development, representing the most important scientific accomplishments. The most significant discoveries in chemistry and physics are presented chronologically to illustrate their contributions to the creation of the chemical sciences during the last 21 centuries....

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INTRODUCTION It is a genuine pleasure and challenge for me to try to express the full extent of my emotions and reasons for writing this book on the STORY OF THE ATOM AND THE SCIENCES, with special reference to the CHEMICAL SCIENCES. In one sentence, I can distill the essence of the purpose for this study by simply stating that it has been a labor of love that transcended the written word because sentiments and ideas belong in the realm of the ethereal and the philosophical as well as in the domain of LITERATURE and SCIENCE. Ever since a young and impressionable student attending a country school in a community of a few hundred people, began to be introduced to the world of knowledge over 65 years ago, the sciences became to me what water is to fish, air is to birds and earth is to humanity. The introduction to the mathematical, physical, chemical and biological sciences felt like reading a beautiful poem or listening to a romantic melody. In essence, it was truly a joyful experience, full of the enigmatic, the mysterious and the fantastic, beyond my wildest imagination. The words used in the title of this book, were car...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 THE STORY OF THE ATOM AND CHEMISTRY 7 THE CAVE MAN 7 ABSTRACT ON THE CONCEPT OF PERSPECTIVE AND SENSE OF DUTY 8 THE MIGRATORY AND THE SEDENTARY MAN 9 ABSTRACT ON THE ATOM AND ITS ENERGY 11 THE CLASSIC GREEK AND ROMAN PHILOSOPHERS 17 EMPEDOCLES (492-432 BC) Greek Philosopher 20 Proposed the four basic elements: earth, water, air and fire. DEMOCRITUS (470-380 BC) Greek Philosopher 22 The founder of the atomic theory of antiquity. CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY (100-170) Greek Astronomer 24 Proponent of the geocentric theory of our solar system with the Earth and not the Sun at its center. ABSTRACT ON THE GENESIS OF AN ORDERLY AND SYSTEMATIC UNIVERSE 25 THE ALCHEMY OF ANTIQUITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES 32 THE METAL INDUSTRY OF ANTIQUITY 33 Mercury, Copper, Bronze, Iron and Steel. GEBER (721-815) Arabian Alchemist 38 One of the first scholars and alchemists of the Islamic world. OMAR KHAYYAM (12th Century). Persian Scientist and Astronomer 38 Brilliant astronomer and alchemist of the 12th Century. BERNARDO TREVISAN (1406 -1490) Italian Alchemist 39 One of the most famous alchemists of th...