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In Defense of Women is H. L. Mencken's 1918 book on women and the relationship between the sexes. Some laud the book as progressive while others brand it as reactionary. While Mencken didn't champion women's rights, he described women as wiser in many novel and observable ways, while demeaning average men. According to Mencken's biographer, Fred Hobson: Depending on the position of the reader, he was either a great defender of women's rights or, as a critic labelled him in 1916, 'the greatest misogynist since Schopenhauer','the country's high-priest of woman-haters.' (Summary from wikipedia)...

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Philosophy

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Consolation of Philosophy (Latin: Consolatio Philosophiae) is a philosophical work by Boethius written in about the year 524 AD. It has been described as the single most important and influential work in the West in medieval and early Renaissance Christianity, and is also the last great work that can be called Classical. - Consolation of Philosophy was written during Boethius' one year imprisonment while awaiting trial, and eventual horrific execution, for the crime of treason by Ostrogothic King Theodoric the Great. Boethius was at the very heights of power in Rome and was brought down by treachery. It was from this experience he was inspired to write a philosophical book from prison reflecting on how a lord's favor could change so quickly and why friends would turn against him. It has been described as “by far the most interesting example of prison literature the world has ever seen.” - The Consolation of Philosophy stands, by its note of fatalism and its affinities with the Christian doctrine of humility, midway between the heathen philosophy of Seneca the Younger and the later Christian philosophy of consolation represented by T...

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Philosophy

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This tripartite essay – published variously as “On the Popular Judgment” (J. Richardson trans.), “On the Old Saw” (E.B. Ashton trans.), or “On the Common Saying” (both M.J. Gregor and H.B. Nisbet) – Kant takes up the issue of the relation of theory to practice in three distinct ways. In the first, he replies to Christian Garve’s criticism of his moral theory, in the second, he distances himself from Thomas Hobbes, and in the third, Moses Mendelssohn. The three taken together are representative of the breadth of Kant’s moral and political thought; the first section being concerned with the individual, the second with the state, and the third with the species. Although this is, on the whole, a difficult piece to approach, the second and third sections are often read as a way into Kant’s political thought, and serve this purpose well, especially when read alongside his Perpetual Peace. (Summary by D.E. Wittkower.)...

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Philosophy

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This essay of Kant’s on copyright argues that the unlicensed copying of books cannot possibly be permissible, due to the fact that it assumes a consent on the part of the author which it is logically impossible for the author to give. The argument is dependent upon an assumption that the writings be commodified, for the reason why the author is unable to possibly give consent to multiple publishers is due to the author’s will – to communicate with the public – necessitating the profitability of the publisher, for, it is assumed, there is no way to communicate with the public at large without a great expense which can only be borne by a publishing firm. This is, of course, no longer a necessary assumption. - Other arguments here are also of interest: this is a foundational document in claims regarding the moral rights of authors, and Kant’s account of the connection between the communicative intent of the author and the rights resultant is of continuing importance (even though it is not often taken into account in contemporary debates, and has only a tenuous relation to contemporary copyright law); the distinction between works and a...

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Philosophy

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At the Court of Liang at the period of Yang Chu, about 300 B.C., the philosophers were treated as guests of the reigning king, who reserved for them lodging and maintenance, and encouraged all who had any pretence to the pursuit of truth and wisdom. Whether or not Yang Chu was actually a native of the Wei State, or whether he came there drawn by the attraction of a critical and unrivalled audience, it is at least certain that he settled there as small proprietor, probably in the reign of King Hwei, and continued there till his death, about 250 B.C. One may imagine a condition of life in many respects somewhat analogous to the life of Epicurus in his famous Athenian Garden. To the philosopher of pleasure and contentment came pupils and disciples, discourses were held in much the same way as at an identical period discourses were held in the garden at Athens, and it is to these discourses, memorised and recorded by his favourite pupil Meng-sun-Yang, that we most probably owe the single fragment of the teaching of Yang Chu that remains, a fragment complete and explicit enough to enable us to form a clear estimate of his teaching and ph...

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Philosophy

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Our book will update the old Chinese thinking in Tao Te Ching to the modern way of life, where contradictions are accepted and two opposite ideas 'A' and 'nonA' and their neutrality 'neutA' can all three be true at the same time. Firstly, we are willing to point out that 'Tao Te Ching' already has some limitation, because many questions we are interested in cannot be answered within 'Tao Te Ching'. For example, 'Tao Te Ching' basically discussed the matters in China, however considering all possible situations it should matter in foreign countries as well, i.e. the “global village”. This was impossible in Lao Tzu’s time. Secondly, if the original “Tao Te Ching” is regarded as “Positive Tao Te Ching”, its opposite is “Negative Tao Te Ching”, while the intermediate or compound state is “Neutral Tao Te Ching”. Thus, our book presents the way to extend the original “Tao Te Ching” in various neutrosophic interpretations....

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Positive (Original) Chapter 1 The Way that can be followed is not the eternal Way. The name that can be called is not the eternal name. The Principle that can be explained is not the eternal Principle. “Nonexistence” is the name of the origin of heaven and earth; “Existence” is the name of creating the myriad things. Therefore, the essence of Principle always can be seen from “Nonexistence”; The operation of Principle always can be seen from “Existence”. These two are profound and from the same origin, while their titles are different. More and more profound, that is the general door to all essences. Negative Chapter 1 The Way that cannot be followed is the Eternal Way. The name that cannot be called is the eternal name. The Principle that cannot be explained is the eternal Principle. ‘Nonexistence’ is not the name of the origin of heaven and earth; ‘Existence’ is not the name of creating the myriad things. Therefore, the essence of Principle cannot ever be seen from ‘Nonexistence’; The operation of Principle cannot ever be seen from ‘Existence’. These two are simple and from the different origins, while their ti...

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Brief Introduction……………………………………………………..……….3 Foreword………………………………………………………………..………6 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 1…………………………….14 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 2…………………………….16 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 3…………………………….18 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 4…………………………….19 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 5…………………………….20 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 6…………………………….21 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 7…………………………….22 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 8…………………………….23 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 9…………………………….24 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 10…………………….……..24 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 11…………………….……..26 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 12…………………….……..26 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 13…………………….……..27 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 14………………….………..28 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 15………………….………..29 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 16……………….…………..30 Positive, Negative and Neutrosophic Chapter 17………………….………..31 Positive, ...

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The moment that you have finished reading this book, you will be able to know whether the years just ahead are good or bad for you, and how long this season will last. You will be able thus to act accordingly: if there is a storm on the horizon, you will be able to take shelter in time; if sunny days loom ahead, you will take advantage before the opportunity pass. The seasons of our lives alternate from good to bad ones - and vise versa - according to a certain pattern, which George Kouloukis, a Greek attorney-at-law, explains in this book, based on the way the good and bad seasons have alternated in the lives of lots of famous men and women, whose the biographies he cites in the book. This knowledge radically transforms the way we all live today, and helps us to live a much better life....

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- Chapter 1. The Astonishing Discovery - Chapter 2. Ludwig van Beethoven - Chapter 3. Giuseppe Verdi - Chapter 4. Pablo Picasso - Chapter 5. Napoléon I - Chapter 6. Victor Hugo - Chapter 7. Winston Churchill - Chapter 8. The Complete Picture - Chapter 9. The Advantages - Chapter 10. Mikhail Gorbachev - Chapter 11. Nelson Mandela - Chapter 12. Christopher Columbus - Chapter 13. King Henry VIII of England - Chapter 14. Margaret Thatcher - Chapter 15. Queen Elizabeth I of England - Chapter 16. Aristotle Onassis - Chapter 17. John Glenn - Chapter 18. Elizabeth Taylor - Chapter 19. Maria Callas - Chapter 20. Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis - Chapter 21. The Dalai Lama of Tibet - Chapter 22. Jimmy Carter - Chapter 23. Sarah Bernhardt - Chapter 24. Auguste Rodin - Chapter 25. Josephine, Napoléon I’s Wife - Chapter 26. The Confirmation - Chapter 27. The Practical Use - END NOTES - Sources...

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The book is mostly in a running dialogue form, which is always a prerequisite of a quest-full ‘journey’

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The more i learn, more i become aware of my ignorance Awareness of ignorance is wisdom

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there are ten chapters, however the book is in running dialogue form so segregating it into chapters would be inappropriate!

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FOR more than six hundred years that is, since Magna Carta, in 1215 there has been no clearer principle of English or American constitutional law, than that, in criminal cases, it is not only the right and duty of juries to judge what are the facts, what is the law, and what was the moral intent of the accused; but that it is also their right, and their primary and paramount duty, to judge of the justice of the law, and to hold all laws invalid, that are, in their opinion, unjust or oppressive, and all persons guiltless in violating, or resisting the execution of, such laws. So begins Spooner's epic on the jury, its origins and history. Spooner examines the history and powers of a jury, from the magna carta in King John's time, to the practices in the 18th century. A classic work on law, Spooner argues that the decision of the jury is sovereign over the king's law. (Summary by Bethanne)...

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History, Philosophy

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Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) is best known for A Vindication of the Rights of Woman in which she argued that women are not naturally inferior to men, but only appeared to be because they lacked education. She suggested that both men and women should be treated as rational beings and imagined a social order founded on reason. - Today, Wollstonecraft is considered a foundational thinker in feminist philosophy. Her early advocacy of women's equality and her attacks on conventional femininity and the degradation of women presaged the later emergence of the feminist political movement. Feminist scholars and activists have cited both her philosophical ideas and personal struggles as important influences in their work. (Summary from Wikipedia)...

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Philosophy

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Issues in ethics: the right to life, cloning, abortion, animal rights and other controversial topics.

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The first volume of the catalogue in Thomas Jefferson's private collection.

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Philosophy - Moral XXIV Politics 1

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What Does it Mean to Orient Oneself in Thinking? / By Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). [Was heißt: sich im Denken orientieren? English]. Translation of text, notes, essays, chronology, etc by Copyright ©2014 Daniel Fidel Ferrer. All rights reserved. Free unlimited distribution. Creative Commons General Public License "Attribution, Non-Commercial", version 3.0 (CCPL BY-NC). ...

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Kant wrote: "A pure reason faith is the guide or compass, which the speculative thinker based on his rational quarreling (Vernunftstreifereien) in the field of supersensible objects, man of common but (morally) sound reason but his way, and probably in theoretical as practical point of view, the whole purpose of his may prefigure determination entirely appropriate, and it is this rational faith, which must be placed at the foundation of every other faith, yes every revelation (Offenbarung)."...

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Table of Contents Translator’s Short Preface for Historical Context (pages 3-4). Immanuel Kant’s Text translated into English (pages 5-22). Translator’s Remarks (pages 23-24). Notes and Background for Kant’s essay and translation (page 25). Earlier translations from German into English of Kant’s essay (page 26). Pantheism Controversy (Quarrel) (Pantheismusstreit) (pages 27-28). Chronology of the Pantheism Controversy (Quarrel) (pages 29-37). Main Philosophers and authors. Ranked by birth year. Lessing first quarrel. Fragments Controversy. Pantheism Controversy or Pantheism Quarrel starts. Atheism Controversy. What is the Purpose of Kant’s Orientation Essay? (pages 38-42). Selected Bibliography related to Pantheism Controversy (pages 42-43). Related Online Resources (pages 43-44). Kant’s Note on his Overall Philosophical Position (pages 45-47). Dedication and Acknowledgements (pages 48-49). Appendix A. Image of first page of Kant Essay (1786) (pages 49-51). Keyword index (pages 51-83). Starts with a green page. ...

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Psychology, philosophy, esoteric symbolism. The role of government in creating and propagating child abuse through the abuse of power.

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Can you remember? Can you see it in your hidden mind, in old memories? Quietly recall that you were chosen; chosen in Eternity to exist. Chosen to enter these Dreams of a Dream right now ?...

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Index Number Content I.0 All through the darkness, everything is linked together. I.1 Prologue I.2 Introduction I.3 Index I.4 Acknowledgements I.5 Notes AP 1 Artpoem 1 – From The Darkness AP 2 Artpoem 2 – Dreams Of A Dream AP 3a Artpoem 3a - Ideology AP 3b Artpoem 3b - Psalm Minus 23 AP 4 Artpoem 4 – In The Begin Ing AP 5 Artpoem 5 – Hope In The Darkness AP 6 Artpoem 6 – A Midsummer Night's Dream of Dreams Poem 1 My Artist In You Poem 2 The Lives of 'I' 'Me' 'You' 'Us'- Pt(k) Poem 3 Salvation Poem 4 The Lads Poem 5 My Prison Space Poem 6 The Distress of Waiting Poem 7 Ditty - John the Bomber Poem 8 Ditty - We’re all sent down Poem 9 Mean Maths Poem 10 Hidden Child Abuse Short Story – The Crucifixion o...

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Taking an unusual approach to its topic, “Principles of Anarchism” applies classical logic and deductive reasoning to the subject of human interactions and rights. Beginning with the assumption that all human beings are equal, a concept which is termed the human equality axiom, the author goes on to draw a number of conclusions from this postulate in the manner of a Euclidean proof. These include the surprising contention that no such thing as human rights can exist, the assertion that anarchism is essentially intellectual rather than activist, and the uncomfortable suggestion that historical developments such as cities and industries are harmful to the human race rather than helpful. More centrally, though, the pamphlet argues very simply that any form of authority or government is logically incompatible with the existence of humanity. And it is the implications of this theory, rejection of which requires rejection of the equality axiom as well, which make the argument offered both novel and exceptionally relevant....

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« Takers Economy » proposes an alternative look at illegal file sharing in light of the role of art in society, and in the context of the oneness of all beings and things. ...

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1. Introduction 2. The State of Play 3. Ars Divina 4. Oneness 5. An I for an I Makes the World Go Bound 6. Alternatives Rock 7. Verses 8. Links 9. Credits 10. Disclaimer 11. About the Author 12. License...

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Stress affects us all at some stage in our life. However stress is ultimately our own choice and is not an inevitable outcome to difficult experiences. Through well established meditation and mindfulness practices we can begin to change the habits that precipitate the stress response and change our habitual behaviour to become a more calm and happier person. This is a handbook that explains how stressful patterns of behaviour manifest and how we can develop new pathways that can result in an alternative approach to difficult situations including relationships, work, financial and health issues....

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We all have experienced some level of stress at some stage in our life. This could be mild frustration at not getting what we want, when we want it, such as standing in a long queue at the supermarket or experiencing a computer crash just as we have completed a long email. Stress can also manifest as anger and even rage. Some people manage to overcome these events and quickly return to a calmer state of mind. Others cannot seem to let go of the stress and always feel on edge, or annoyed most of the time. When we feel frustrated, annoyed or in a bad mood we can very quickly descend into anger and despondency. This is because we are already stressed and any adverse event will trigger an even more stressful state of mind. The definition of stress is a physical, mental, or emotional response to events that causes bodily or mental tension. Therefore, stress is a mentally originating phenomenon, which will also have an effect upon the physical body and can manifest in many forms such as: Tension, frustration, anger, weakened immunity, ill health, and poor concentration. Prolonged exposure to stress will inevitably have an advers...

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Stress is a choice

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One Man. Ten days. No talking. One Centre. 102 meditators. No eye-contact. One Course. 105 hours of meditation. No gestures. One Law. One Truth. One Universe. This story isn't about me, it's about you. It may read as if it's about me, but if you've ever sought the Truth, then it's about you too. Surrender; it's the only way to win the war, the one being fought within, deep down in the trenches of your mind. Wherever that may be . . . Can I do it? And if so, what then?...

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The Theory Of Interpretive Relativity: A Unified Map Of Literary Theory is a comprehensive study organizing and mapping all literary interpretive theory, from classical philosophy to postmodern theory, into one formulaic model. Interpretive Relativity uses, for its method of organizational strategy, the philosophy of relativism to explain how all theoretical interpretation compliment one another rather than contradict one another. This thesis uses extensive graphs and illustrations to aid in the visualization of how mapping theoretical interpretations is possible. The piece of literature, work of art, that is used through out the study is Shakespeare’s Hamlet. In other words, this thesis show how the philosophy of Einstein’s general theory of relativity could be applied to Hamlet....

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“The long concatenations of simple and easy reasoning which geometricians use in achieving their most difficult demonstrations gave me occasion to imagine that all matters which may enter the human mind were interrelated in the same fashion.” -- René Descartes ...

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I. INTRODUCTION: MATHEMATICAL CONSTRUCT STRATEGIES FOR GRAPHING LITERARY INTERPRETATION THEORIES INTO A VISUAL FIGURE, DEFINING TERMS 1 II. MAPPING LITERARY THEORY: DEFINING THE BODY OF LITERATURE, Ln, AND MESSAGE, EMBODIED IN ART, Ln 10 III. FORMING THE X AXIS: SETTING VALUES FOR X AS SIGN, SIGNIFICATION, AND SIGNAL (X1, X2, X3) 18 X1: Sign, Encoding Meaning 21 X2: Signification: The Three Aspects to the Value X2, Concept in a Medium, X21, X22, X23 23 X3: Signal, Decoding Meaning Plotting the 2s OF B’s X31, X32, X33 30 IV. FORMING THE Y AXIS: THE AUDIENCE’S INFINITE MULTIFARIOUS “REALIZATION” 36 The Search for 1: The Messenger and the Author 38 Y 1: The Author’s text 45 Y 2: The Text 50 Y 3: The World 54 Y 4: The Reader 57 V. FORMING THE Z AXIS: VALUES FOR Z, APPLIED RHETORICAL IDEOLOGY 65 Z 1: Marxist Literary Criticism 67 Z 2: Deconstruction Criticism 71 Z 3: Multicultural Literary Criticism 77 Z 4: Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism 80 Z 5: Liberation Literary Criticism 84 VI. CONCLUSION 87...

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What is Philosophy? Is it the exclusive domain of those who dream in abstract? Or is it the manifestation of the struggle of those who practice in material? Does it originate in the minds of professors like a Ganges flowing out from the hair-locks of "Lord" Shiva? Or is it rustic and puerile, evolving into maturity through the experiences of common men. I started writing philosophy without actually knowing that I was writing one. To start with, it was an outlet to project my frustration in the form of writings. Pretty often, it carried abuses hurled at none in particular, but at the system through its agents. But I don’t know when those ramblings started getting matured into Philosophy and all puerility and abuses purified themselves on the way – a Ganges doesn’t become pure by its origin but by the treatment people give to it on its way. In my book “Writings @ Ankur Mutreja”, I included a section on my personal philosophy and thought nobody would be interested in reading it. But, fortunately, I have found some kind-hearted people, who have given me their valuable feedback. I am reproducing my philosophy below by selecting those top...