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Subject: How argument mapping can make discussions better (and shorter). Why different perceptions of reality can cause disagreement, and how diagrams can make people aware of this. Target audience: Everyone interested. No special knowledge required. Estimated reading time: 20-25 minutes. Should you prefer watching over reading, have a look at this video: http://youtu.be/_JuDJUx7drU Page layout: Allows easy reading without scrolling, even on very small screens. License: Free for non-commercial use, Creative Commons BY-NC-SA. Commercial use requires separate agreement. Technical information: Original PDF/A file size: 685 913 Byte MD5: 3abc45069b734d7d2a60b9331d55f33b (file integrity checksum) ...

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This is Perhaps the best Quran English translation. It is clear, easy to read, and very faithful to the Arabic original. It closely follows the Arabic text, and often reminds the reader of the Arabic original. It uses today's English language, and today's English vocabulary, thus it is easy to read and understand. The flow is smooth, the sentence structure is simple, the meaning is clear. This Quran translation has no interpretations, no footnotes, and no explanations. It is a pure translation of the Quran, from Arabic to English, and it does not try to emphasize any school of thought. The text purely and accurately translates the Holy Quran, from Arabic, into contemporary English. It was translated by a Muslim, who saw firsthand the miracles inside the Quran. His native language is Arabic; his everyday language is American English. For 15 years, he studied the Quran. For many years, he translated speech between his mother and his wife. For a living, he develops quality software. The Quran is the last Book from the Creator. It contains guidance, mercy, and healing. The Quran is a blessing, within reach....

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In the name of God, the Gracious, the Merciful. 1. When the sun is rolled up. 2. When the stars are dimmed. 3. When the mountains are set in motion. 4. When the relationships are suspended. 5. When the beasts are gathered. 6. When the oceans are set aflame. 7. When the souls are paired. 8. When the girl, buried alive, is asked: 9. For what crime was she killed? 10. When the records are made public. 11. When the sky is peeled away. 12. When the Fire is set ablaze. 13. When Paradise is brought near. 14. Each soul will know what it has readied. 15. I swear by the galaxies. 16. Precisely running their courses. 17. And by the night as it recedes. 18. And by the morn as it breathes. 19. This is the speech of a noble messenger. 20. Endowed with power, eminent with the Lord of the Throne. 21. Obeyed and honest. 22. Your friend is not possessed. 23. He saw him on the luminous horizon. 24. And He does not withhold knowledge of the Unseen. 25. And it is not the word of an accursed devil. 26. So where are you heading? 27. It is only a Reminder to all mankind. 28. To whoever of you wills to go straight. 29. But you c...

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The book recalls previously developed approaches toward history based on correlation of words, astrological aspects and periodicity defined by the Chinese horoscope and the Lunar Nodes. They are illustrated by new examples. Astonishing correlations are found among the astral signs of the French presidents, the German chancellors and the generals of the Russian Civil War (1918-1922). The strange form of some states such as Mali, Somalia, India and others is associated to inter-ethnic conflicts taking place in these countries. The astral themes of certain historical events and of their participants are also analyzed (such as the revolutions of 1830 and 1848, the Berlin Congress, the putsch of 1991 in Moscow). Astrological, historical and geographical coincidences are found between the Arab revolutions of 2011 on the one side and the revolutions of 1848, the independence movements in the Spanish colonies, the social movements of 1968 and World War II on the other. The book is addressed to persons interested in History and/or astrology....

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Preface Chapter 1. The already developed methods Chapter 2. Astral sign and history Chapter 3. Geography, history and astrology Chapter 4. Different examples from history Appendix 1. Beginnings and ends of years of the Chinese horoscope Appendix 2. The Cyrillic alphabet....

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‘The Book of Mormon~ Colorfully Illustrated’ This is truly a Wonderful book. This is an -All New- recreation, based on Joseph Smith’s original work. This book was written for Our times Today! Everyone on earth is invited to download this Free ebook. This record is a religious based historical account of ancient civilizations in the Americas. Today’s Native Americans are their descendants, and are of the house of Israel. Native Americans and our Jewish friends are especially invited to download this free ebook. You will find in these pages the full spectrum of human emotion, along with a good deal of Action and Adventure, and the collected Wisdom of ancient civilizations that once existed here. All produced for you in young Joseph Smith’s simple country boy style of English. I personally find his simple English quite charming. This Free volume has been transcribed painstakingly word for word in exacting detail, as best as humanly possible, from a first printing reproduction of young Joseph Smith’s original words. Thousands of antique printing press typesetting errors have been removed. Yes, all of young Joseph’s original words ...

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Young Nephi, with the help of his brothers, builds his ship: (Excerpt) And it came to pass that they did worship the Lord, and did go forth with me; and we did work timbers of curious workmanship. And the Lord did shew me from time to time, after what manner I should work the timbers of the ship. Now I, Nephi, did not work the timbers after the manner which was learned by men, neither did I build the ship after the manner of men; but I did build it after the manner which the Lord had shewn unto me; wherefore, it was not after the manner of men. And I, Nephi, did go into the mount oft, and I did pray oft unto the Lord; wherefore, the Lord shewed unto me great things. And it came to pass that after I had finished the ship according to the word of the Lord, my brethren beheld that it was good, and that the workmanship thereof was exceeding fine; wherefore, they did humble themselves again before the Lord. And it came to pass that the voice of the Lord came unto my father, that we should arise and go down into the ship.- And it came to pass that on the morrow, after that we had prepared all things, much fruits and meat from t...

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In this book authors study and analyze the problem of school dropouts and their life after. The problems can by no means be analyzed by collecting the numerical data. For such data can only serve as information beyond that the data can be of no use, for the school dropouts suffer an environment change after becoming a school dropout. Thus the emotions of the school dropout; is technically involved....

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The basic tools used in the analysis of the problem of school dropout and their life after are described briefly in this chapter. We provide also the references for these concepts. Bart Kosko introduced the Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) in the year 1986. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps are fuzzy structures that strongly resemble neural networks, and they have powerful and far-reaching consequences as a mathematical tool for modeling complex systems. FCM was a fuzzy extension of the cognitive map pioneered in 1976 by political scientist Robert Axelord, who used it to represent knowledge as an interconnected, directed, bilevel-logic graph....

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Preface 5 Chapter One INTRODUCTION 7 Chapter Two BASIC CONCEPTS 21 Chapter Three CAUSES OF SCHOOL DROPOUTS – A MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS 35 Chapter Four SCHOOL DROPOUTS AS CHILD LABOURERS 59 Chapter Five SCHOOL DROPOUTS AS RAG PICKERS USING FUZZY MODELS 79 Chapter Six PERFORMANCE ASPECTS OF SCHOOL STUDENTS USING RULE BASED CONTROL SYSTEM 89 Chapter Seven MIGRATION OF PARENTS AND THE SCHOOL DROPOUTS A STUDY USING THE FUZZY RELATIONAL MAPS MODEL 99 Chapter Eight THE IMPACT OF MISSIONARY INTERVENTIONS ON THE EDUCATION AND REHABILITATION OF DEPRIVED CHILDREN – A FUZZY ANALYSIS 117 Chapter Nine CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 129 FURTHER READING 139 INDEX 143 ABOUT THE AUTHORS 145...

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Find out what happened when the other Bushmen tried to kill him and how they finally managed to get rid of him.

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Certain times of the year the “Watersnake” would move far away and the land of the Bushmen would get very dry. During those times the children have to walk long distances to fetch water for the household. The bigger and stronger of the children could carry a whole springbok stomach full of water but the younger ones only two ostrich eggs filled with water. Tatsie was too lazy to go and fetch water, for himself. He would wait for the children to come back and take one of the eggs and drink the water from it. If the child protested or cried he would simply break the egg on the ground and they would get into trouble with their parents. When he was very thirsty or wanted to wash his hands he would grab the springbok “pens” or stomach from one of the bigger children and use all of that water just for himself. If the child protested or tried to run away he would cut a hole in it with his knife and drink from the water pouring out of the hole....

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Most countries and peoples of Europe and Asia are grouped in the spheres of direct geopolitical influence of Russia, Germany, Serbia, Iraq and China. Repetition of relationship (defined by ethnic and religious proximity) between countries from these spheres are observed. Thus there are two Russian (German, Serbian, Chinese) speaking countries - Russia and Belarus (Germany and Austria, Serbia and Montenegro, China and Taiwan). The Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas exhibit similar political geography and history. Important events (e.g. World Wars) occur in couples. In American and Russian history the number 12 is crucial for its understanding (6 couples of most important wars in the former and 12 communist and post-communist rulers in the latter, the events of post-communism repeating the ones of communism). If a (post)-communist Russian leader has the same name as a former Russian tsar or prince, then a repetition of events takes place - the names Boris (Godunov) and Mikhail (Romanov) are connected with the Time of Troubles, Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin mark the perestroika, its modern version. The book is addressed to those inter...

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It is natural to consider the following countries as belonging or having once belonged to the zone of direct geopolitical influence of Germany: Austria, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, The Netherlands and Denmark. The reasons (except in most of the cases to be direct neighbours) are the following ones: - some of them (namely, Austria, Hungary, parts of Poland, The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia and Slovenia) have belonged to the Austro- Hungarian Empire, where German was the official language; - others (France, Belgium, Denmark, Lithuania and Italy) have annexed after World War I territories peopled at least in part by ethnic Germans; these were the German territories respectively Alsace and Lorraine for France, the cantons Eupen and Malmedy for Belgium (today they constitute its German speaking linguistic zone), Northern Schleswig for Denmark, the port Memel (Klaipeda) for Lithuania; Italy has annexed the German speaking Southern Tyrol belonging up to then to Austria-Hungary; today this is one of the five Italian regions...

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Preface Chapter 1. Resemblance and correlation between words Chapter 2. Resemblances between different geographical regions Chapter 3. Resemblance between historical events Chapter 4. The five spheres of direct geopolitical influence in the Old World Chapter 5. The rules of the American history Chapter 6. The rules of the Russian history...

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We have used the 2-adaptive fuzzy model having the two fuzzy models, fuzzy matrices model and BAMs viz. model to analyze the views of public about HIV/ AIDS disease, patient and the awareness program. This book has five chapters and 6 appendices. The first chapter just recalls the definition of four fuzzy models used in this book and gives illustration of some of them. Chapter two introduces the new n-adaptive fuzzy models. Chapter three uses for the first time 2 adaptive fuzzy models to study psychological and sociological problems about HIV/AIDS. Chapter four gives an outline of the interviews. Chapter five gives the suggestions and conclusion based on our study. Of the 6 appendices four of them are C-program made to make the working of the fuzzy model simple....

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In this chapter for the first time we introduce the new class of n-adaptive fuzzy models (n a positive integer and n ≥ 2) and illustrate it. These n-adaptive fuzzy models can analyze a problem using different models so one can get in one case the hidden pattern, in one case the maximum time period in some case output state vector for a given input vector and so on. So this new model has the capacity to analyze the problem in different angles, which can give multiple suggestions and solutions about the problem. This chapter has two sections. Section one defines the new model gives illustrations and section two defines some special n-adaptive models and proposes some problems....

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Chapter One SOME BASIC FUZZY MODELS WITH ILLUSTRATIONS 1.1 Fuzzy matrices and their applications 9 1.2 Definition and illustration of Fuzzy Relational Maps (FRMs) 16 1.3 Some basic concepts of BAM with illustration 20 1.3.1 Some basic concepts of BAM 22 1.3.2 Use of BAM Model to study the cause of vulnerability to HIV/AIDS and factors for migration 28 1.4 Introduction to Fuzzy Associative Memories (FAM) 35 Chapter Two ON A NEW CLASS OF N-ADAPTIVE FUZZY MODELS WITH ILLUSTRATIONS 2.1 On a new class of n-adaptive fuzzy models with illustrations 39 2.2 Some special n-adaptive models 49 Chapter Three USE OF 2-ADAPTIVE FUZZY MODEL TO ANALYZE THE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF HIV/AIDS 3.1 Study of the psychological and social problems the public have about HIV/AIDS patients using CETD matrix 52 3.2 Use of 2 adaptive fuzzy model to analyze the problem 72 Chapter Four PUBLIC ATTITUDE AND AWARENESS ABOUT HIV/AIDS 4.1 Introduction 77 4.2 Interviews 81 Chapter Five CONCLUSIONS 167 Appendix 1. Questionnaire 177 2. Table of Statistics 191 3. C-program for CETD and RTD Matrix 198 4. C-program for FRM 202 5. C-program for CFRM 2...

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The authors in this book have analyzed the socio-economic and psychological problems faced by People with Disabilities (PWDs) and their families. The study was made by collecting data using both fuzzy linguistic questionnaire by interviews in case they are not literates from 2,15,811 lakhs people. This data was collected using the five Non Government Organizations (NGOs) from northern Tamil Nadu....

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The main objective of this was to understand the basic psychological and social problems faced by the PWDs and their caretakers. To interpret the collected data, tabulations and analysis were made. Efforts were made to highlight the inferences in each table and in few places comments were made in order to use it for fuzzy analysis. Following is the list of organizations and the total population from 5 blocks is listed below....

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Preface 6 Chapter One INTRODUCTION TO BASIC CONCEPTS 11 Chapter Two ANALYSIS OF THE COLLECTED DATA OF THE PWDS FROM MELMALAYANUR AND KURINJI PADI BLOCKS IN TAMIL NADU 13 Chapter Three THE NEW FUZZY COGNITIVE RELATIONAL MAPS (FCRMS) BIMODEL 29 Chapter Four ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO ECONOMIC PROBLEMS FACED BY THE PWDS USING (SFCMS) 47 4.1 Application of FCMs Models to Social and Psychological Problems 48 4.2 Expert Opinion of PWDs using Special FCMs to Analyse the Problem of PWDs 50 4.3 The Expert Opinion of the caretakers of the PWDs using SFCM 59 4.4 The Expert Opinion of the NGOs working with the PWDs using Special FCM Model 62 Chapter Five THE STUDY OF INTERRELATED PROBLEMS FACED BY THE PWDS AND THE CARE TAKERS 73 5.1 Introduction 73 5.2 Experts Opinion from a Public Person Living in Melmalayanur Block 77 5.3 Expert Opinion of PWDs using FRMs 84 5.4 Expert Opinion of Caretakers of the PWDs using FRM 87 5.5 Expert Opinion of the NGOs working with the PWDs using the FRM model 93 Chapter Six ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS OF RURAL PWDs USING THE NEW FCRM BIMODEL 99 6.1 Expert Opinion of the Caretaker and a PWD using the ...

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The new concept of fuzzy interval matrices has been introduced in this book for the first time. The authors have not only introduced the notion of fuzzy interval matrices, interval neutrosophic matrices and fuzzy neutrosophic interval matrices but have also demonstrated some of its applications when the data under study is an unsupervised one and when several experts analyze the problem....

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1.2 Definition of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps In this section we recall the notion of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs), which was introduced by Bart Kosko in the year 1986. We also give several of its interrelated definitions. FCMs have a major role to play mainly when the data concerned is an unsupervised one. Further this method is most simple and an effective one as it can analyse the data by directed graphs and connection matrices. DEFINITION 1.2.1: An FCM is a directed graph with concepts like policies, events etc. as nodes and causalities as edges. It represents causal relationship between concepts. Example 1.2.1: In Tamil Nadu (a southern state in India) in the last decade several new engineering colleges have been approved and started. The resultant increase in the production of engineering graduates in these years is disproportionate with the need of engineering graduates. ...

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Dedication 5 Preface 6 Chapter One BASIC CONCEPTS 1.1 Definition of Interval Matrices and Examples 8 1.2 Definition of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps 9 1.3 An Introduction to Neutrosophy 13 1.4 Some Basic Neutrosophic Structures 16 1.5 Some Basic Notions about Neutrosophic Graphs 22 1.6 On Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps with Examples 28 1.7 Definition and Illustration of Fuzzy Relational Maps (FRMs) 33 1.8 Introduction to Fuzzy Associative Memories 40 1.9 Some Basic Concepts of BAM 43 1.10 Properties of Fuzzy Relations and FREs 49 1.11 Binary Neutrosophic Relations and their Properties 56 Chapter Two INTRODUCTION TO FUZZY INTERVAL MATRICES AND NEUTROSOPHIC INTERVAL MATRICES AND THEIR GENERALIZATIONS 2.1 Fuzzy Interval Matrices 68 2.2 Interval Bimatrices and their Generalizations 76 2.3 Neutrosophic Interval Matrices and their Generalizations 92 Chapter Three FUZZY MODELS AND NEUTROSOPHIC MODELS USING FUZZY INTERVAL MATRICES AND NEUTROSOPHIC INTERVAL MATRICES 3.1 Description of FCIMs Model 118 3.2 Description and Illustration of FRIM Model 129 3.3 Description of FCIBM model and its Generalization 139 3.4 FRIBM model and i...

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Scientia Magna is published annually in 200-300 pages per volume and 1,000 copies on topics such as mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and linguistics....

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0. In 1999, the second author of this remarks published a book over 30 of Smarandache's problems in area of elementary number theory (see [1, 2]). After this, we worked over new 20 problems that we collected in our book [28]. These books contain Smarandache's problems, described in [10, 16]. The present paper contains some of the results from [28]. In [16] Florentin Smarandache formulated 105 unsolved problems, while in [10] C.Dumitresu and V. Seleacu formulated 140 unsolved problems of his. The second book contains almost all the problems from [16], but now each problem has unique number and by this reason in [1, 28] and here the authors use the numeration of the problems from [10]. In the text below the following notations are used....

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V. Mladen and T. Krassimir : Remarks on some of the Smarandache's problem. Part 2 1 W. Kandasamy : Smarandache groupoids 27 L. Ding : On the primitive numbers of power P and its mean value properties 36 D. Torres and V. Teca : Consecutive, reversed, mirror, and symmetric Smarandache sequence of triangular numbers 39 D. Ren : On the square-free number sequence 46 T. Ramaraj and N. Kannappa : On ¯nite Smarandache near-rings 49 X. Kang : Some interesting properties of the Smarandache function 52 L. Mao : On Automorphism Groups of Maps, Surfaces and Smarandache Geometries 55 L. Ding : On the mean value of Smarandache ceil function 74 M. Le : An equation concerning the Smarandache function 78 M. Bayat, H. Teimoori and M. Hassani : An extension of ABC-theorem 81 J. Ma : An equation involving the Smarandache function 89 C. Chen : Inequalities for the polygamma functions with application 91 W. Vasantha and M. Chetry : On the number of Smarandache zero-divisors and Smarandache weak zero-divisors in loop rings 96 M. Le : The function equation S(n) = Z(n) 109 Z. Li : On the Smarandache Pseudo-number Sequences 111 D. Mehendale :...

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In The 2nd Conference on Combinatorics and Graph Theory of China (Aug. 16-19, 2006, Tianjing), I formally presented a combinatorial conjecture on mathematical sciences (abbreviated to CC Conjecture), i.e., a mathematical science can be reconstructed from or made by combinatorialization, implicated in the foreword of Chapter 5 of my book Automorphism groups of Maps, Surfaces and Smarandache Geometries (USA, 2005). This conjecture is essentially a philosophic notion for developing mathematical sciences of 21st century, which means that we can combine different fields into a union one and then determines its behavior quantitatively. It is this notion that urges me to research mathematics and physics by combinatorics, i.e., mathematical combinatorics beginning in 2004 when I was a post-doctor of Chinese Academy of Mathematics and System Science. It finally brought about me one self-contained book, the first edition of this book, published by InfoQuest Publisher in 2009. This edition is a revisited edition, also includes the development of a few topics discussed in the first edition....

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1.5 ENUMERATION TECHNIQUES 1.5.1 Enumeration Principle. The enumeration problem on a finite set is to count and find closed formula for elements in this set. A fundamental principle for solving this problem in general is on account of the enumeration principle: For finite sets X and Y , the equality |X| = |Y | holds if and only if there is a bijection f : X → Y . Certainly, if the set Y can be easily countable, then we can find a closed formula for elements in X....

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Contents Preface to the Second Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i Chapter 1. Combinatorial Principle with Graphs . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Multi-sets with operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 1.1.1 Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.3 Boolean algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1.4 Multi-Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 1.2 Multi-posets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.2.1 Partially ordered set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 1.2.2 Multi-Poset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.3 Countable sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.3.1 Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.3.2 Countable set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.4 Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.4.1 Graph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 1.4.2 Subgraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1.4.3 Labeled graph. . . . . . ...