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The securities industry, its markets, instruments (equity, debt, derivatives), trading strategies, underlying economic models, and future.

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he securities industry, its markets, instruments (equity, debt, derivatives), trading strategies, underlying economic models, and future.

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Over the years many researchers have analyzed the political aspects of the air war in Southeast Asia. Their studies range from the original Pentagon Papers to those published more recently. Very little, however, focuses on the economic and operational aspects of the war. The purpose of this book is to fill that void by presenting a set of case studies that subject selected air campaigns during the Southeast Asia era to rigid economic analysis....

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The algebraic structure, linear algebra happens to be one of the subjects which yields itself to applications to several fields like coding or communication theory, Markov chains, representation of groups and graphs, Leontief economic models and so on. This book has for the first time, introduced a new algebraic structure called linear bialgebra, which is also a very powerful algebraic tool that can yield itself to applications. With the recent introduction of bimatrices (2005) we have ventured in this book to introduce new concepts like linear bialgebra and Smarandache neutrosophic linear bialgebra and also give the applications of these algebraic structures....

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In this section we give the definition of linear algebra and just state the few important theorems like Cayley Hamilton theorem, Cyclic Decomposition Theorem, Generalized Cayley Hamilton Theorem and give some properties about linear algebra....

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The new concept of fuzzy interval matrices has been introduced in this book for the first time. The authors have not only introduced the notion of fuzzy interval matrices, interval neutrosophic matrices and fuzzy neutrosophic interval matrices but have also demonstrated some of its applications when the data under study is an unsupervised one and when several experts analyze the problem....

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1.2 Definition of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps In this section we recall the notion of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs), which was introduced by Bart Kosko in the year 1986. We also give several of its interrelated definitions. FCMs have a major role to play mainly when the data concerned is an unsupervised one. Further this method is most simple and an effective one as it can analyse the data by directed graphs and connection matrices. DEFINITION 1.2.1: An FCM is a directed graph with concepts like policies, events etc. as nodes and causalities as edges. It represents causal relationship between concepts. Example 1.2.1: In Tamil Nadu (a southern state in India) in the last decade several new engineering colleges have been approved and started. The resultant increase in the production of engineering graduates in these years is disproportionate with the need of engineering graduates. ...

Table of Contents Details
Dedication 5 Preface 6 Chapter One BASIC CONCEPTS 1.1 Definition of Interval Matrices and Examples 8 1.2 Definition of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps 9 1.3 An Introduction to Neutrosophy 13 1.4 Some Basic Neutrosophic Structures 16 1.5 Some Basic Notions about Neutrosophic Graphs 22 1.6 On Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps with Examples 28 1.7 Definition and Illustration of Fuzzy Relational Maps (FRMs) 33 1.8 Introduction to Fuzzy Associative Memories 40 1.9 Some Basic Concepts of BAM 43 1.10 Properties of Fuzzy Relations and FREs 49 1.11 Binary Neutrosophic Relations and their Properties 56 Chapter Two INTRODUCTION TO FUZZY INTERVAL MATRICES AND NEUTROSOPHIC INTERVAL MATRICES AND THEIR GENERALIZATIONS 2.1 Fuzzy Interval Matrices 68 2.2 Interval Bimatrices and their Generalizations 76 2.3 Neutrosophic Interval Matrices and their Generalizations 92 Chapter Three FUZZY MODELS AND NEUTROSOPHIC MODELS USING FUZZY INTERVAL MATRICES AND NEUTROSOPHIC INTERVAL MATRICES 3.1 Description of FCIMs Model 118 3.2 Description and Illustration of FRIM Model 129 3.3 Description of FCIBM model and its Generalization 139 3.4 FRIBM model and i...

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Sustainability of the environment implies both wishful thinking and ignorance – ignorance of the reality that natural systems are complex and unfathomable by scientists, and that repetition of research outputs depend on repetition of initial and all subsequent conditions. Scientific insights provide knowledge, but it is partial in most cases, and when applied is often subject to conflicting objectives, which in turn produce conditions that affect outcomes - thus our best efforts to predict natural outcomes are usually flawed. We further display our ignorance in seeking social sustainability while we behave inequitably towards groups other than ‘us’ and invoke spurious reasoning to justify further research. The effect of ignorant self-interest is played out daily in our largest intervention in the natural environment – agriculture, which is why agriculture provides perhaps the best model for consideration of the ideal of sustainability. From ancient Asian wisdom through modern global forces and technology to the central environmental issue of food production, we have identified some necessary conditions for sustainability. Yet, ou...

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Table of Contents Author and Publisher Information iii Acknowledgements ix Author’s Foreword xi Chapter 1 Stepping Back to Survey the Landscape 1 Chapter 2 The Unacknowledged Debt to Asia: A Different Agricultural and Environmental Reality 13 Agriculture’s Legacy 14 Agricultural Origins 15 Contact with the West 23 Religion, Nature and Agriculture 26 ‘Indianised’ Agriculture 31 Secular Approaches 34 Common Heritage 38 Chapter 3 Global Development Forces on Agriculture and the Environment 41 Agricultural Environments 43 Global Development Forces 51 Sustainable Development and Traditions 56 Sustainability: A Local or Foreign Influence? 59 Practical Alternatives 61 24 Sustainability: Elusive or Illusion? Wise Environmental Intervention Policy Implications 63 Chapter 4 Technology and Food Needs: GMOs for GFN: Genetically Modified Organisms and Global Food Needs 69 Global Food Needs 72 GMO Technologies 74 Revisiting the Green Revolution 76 Issues and Risks 79 Making a Decision 81 Chapter 5 Re-conceiving Food Security & Environmental Protection 87 Feeling Secure 89 The IFPRI World Food Situation 91 Conventional Consideratio...