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The remote upper Liffey Valley is a natural herb garden. Beneath the great rock cliffs of Taytitikitheeker (Drys Bluff) and along the Tellerpanger (Liffey River) is a kaleidoscope of forests, ferneries, shrubberies, mosses and fungi. The native heart berries and the pepper brushes, the mountain cresses and the tiny sweet ?cherries? of the ancient ecosystem, give way in the farmlands to mint, hawthorn and briar, and the organic herb farms brought with great care from other continents....

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Collation of social, economic, technological and cultural research conducted in the Thailand highlands in the 1970s.

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A Lecture by Buddhadasa Bhikkhu to Agricultural Teachers and Officials on 25 March 1991 at Suan Mokkhapharam, Chaiya, Surat Thani Province, Thailand. ธรรมบรรยายแก่คณะครูบาอาจารย์ 25 มีนาคม 2534 สวนโมกขพลาราม ไชยา จ.สุราษฏร์ธานี Translated by Prof. Lindsay Falvey, Chair of Agriculture, University of Melbourne, Australia Transcribed from tape by Lerchat Boonek, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand. The Thai text is the most precise rendition of Than Buddhadasa Bhikkhu’s words that is possible from the tape. It contains his earthy expressions and engaging and intelligent use of language in a manner that does not fully flow into the English version. Translation of puns, personal idioms, and circuitous incremental descriptions that form part of the masterful lecturer in the Thai language, must lose much of the original impact. In an attempt to retain the flavour of an outdoor lecture, with dogs and chicken wandering among the gathering, the English text retains some colourful and down to earth expressions that have some equivalence in Thai and English. Expressions or words specific to the Thai text that have been rendered lite...

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Contents กิตติกรรมประกาศ และ คําแนะนํา Acknowledgements and Comment ธรรมบรรยายแก่คณะครูบาอาจารย์ 25 มีนาคม 2534 English Translation Summary Translated Text Notes...

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From earliest origins in Scotland, influenced by early USA development, the history of agricultural education is use to introduce the influences on Australian agricultural education through the system in the most developed State of Victoria from the 1800s to the late 1990s. The creation of the new Institute of Melbourne School of Land and Environment on 1 July 1997 represents a landmark in the history of agricultural, food, forestry, horticulture and natural resource management education in Australia. It indicates a commitment from the Victorian College of Agriculture and Horticulture and the University of Melbourne to merge the agriculture, food, forestry and horticultural activities into a single faculty to become Australia's largest ever such entity. The book traces the story of the forming entities of Land and Food in chronological order touching on high points and attempting to draw out elements which contribute to today's culture within this very large faculty. The personalities in the early stages of agricultural education, including the persuaders, rogues, visionaries, politicians, academics and farmers, are, we believe,...

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Acknowledgement Editors' Foreword Chapters: 1. Origins 2. Prelude 3. Dookie 4. Longerenong 5. Burnley 6. University of Melbourne 7. Forestry at Creswick 8. Gilbert Chandler 9. Glenormiston 10. MicMillan 11. VCAH 12. Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Horticulture 13. Institute of Land and Food Resources References Index...

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Beginning in 1971 with research conducted in the Northern Territory of Australia, the book presents an integrated story through research conducted in the northern highlands of Thailand and much of the developing world, with an emphasis on Asia. With the benefit of 40 years hindsight, a uniting theme in the work is elicited, which progressively integrates broader aspects of personal development, some of which are alluded to in the text. The initial works tend to be routine technical experiments, which gradually give way to contextual works, development experiences and holistic appreciation of the role of agricultural science. Half of the chapters include a personal reflective comment, which becomes integrated with the research itself as the thesis develops, until it culminates in an embracing final observation of the real outcomes of four decades in the service of agricultural science. Forty years of research and development reveals how international aid can be more effective by integrating reductionist approaches into the multi-disciplinary context of international agricultural development. Thus integration of technical, soci...

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Table of Contents Page About this Book iii Acknowledgements viii Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 Numbered List of Papers Included in this Collation 9 Chapter 2 - A Different Concept of Agricultural Research for Development A Contextual Summary 12 Chapter 3 - Technological Support to Development Overview 17 Numbered list of papers included in Chapter 3 17 Discussion 19 A Personal Comment Looking Back 31 Chapter 4 - Thai Agriculture Overview 34 Numbered list of papers included in Chapter 4 34 Discussion 35 A More Personal Comment Looking Back 47 Chapter 5 - International Agriculture Overview 49 Numbered list of papers included in Chapter 5 50 Discussion 51 A More Personal Comment Looking Back 61 Re-Cultivating Agricultural Science: 40 Years of Professional Life – Lindsay Falvey x Chapter 6 - Agricultural Education Overview 65 Numbered list of papers included in Chapter 6 66 Discussion 66 A More Personal Comment Looking Back 80 Chapter 7 - Is ‘Sustainability’ the Answer? Overview 84 Numbered list of papers included in Chapter 7 85 Discussion 85 Chapter 8 - Holistic Considerations: Sustainability Science in Context Religion ...

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Na Kamalei-K. E. E. P. – Koolauloa Early Education Program is a Native Hawaiian nonprofit organization that includes Ho‘ala Na Pua, a parent-child interaction and family education program that services the families of Ko‘olauloa, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. The Houlu Hou Project: Stories Told By Us is a project of Na Kamalei that is funded in part by the Administration for Native Americans. The project goal is to provide families with services and opportunities that foster culturally appropriate and healthy development of a balanced child. The oral legacy within our community strengthens our families and produces stories that bring meaning to our lives and that help identify who we are and where we are from. Our resource partners are Ko‘olauloa community organizations that support the advancement of Native Hawaiian children and their families through the creation of children’s books. Stories of history, geography, language and culture are born and shared in the context of the community. Kupuna (elders) now encourage the sharing of these stories so that future generations will benefit from this legacy. This serie...

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Although essentially set in Australia, the author, Tony Kelly also describes his travels in Europe and Canada which included a journey by horseback in the Rocky Mountains in the late 1950s. The book provides a social history of farming life in South Australia during the 1940s and 50s and captures the excitement of agricultural development in Western Australia during the 1960s. A time when many people headed west from established family farms to make their own mark with the promise of cheap land and opportunity....

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It was late January 1962 when we set out on our great pilgrimage to the west. At this time there were a lot of other farmers doing the same thing, loading up their gear and coming across. We were just one of many who were part of this exodus. As a matter of interest, there was one farmer from South Australia who settled at Experance and is on record as having driven his tractor across, towing a small road train of vehicles behind him. But then he turned around and drove his tractor back again, to pick up a second load. Incredible!...

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1 Tony’s and Dawn’s War Years; 2 Merrindie School; 3 Merrindie and Glenheath farms in the 1950’s 4 Horses, tractors, dorsets; 5 Giles Corner; 6 Grandparents; 7 Prince Alfred College; 8 1955 - 1957, and Dawn’s hairdressing career; 9 Trip Overseas – UK; 10 Europe; 11Canada to Calgary 12 Calgary to home; 13 1959 – 1962; 14 The First Year; 15 Newlyweds; 16 1963 -1969 –The children, and Dawn’s W A hairdressing; 17 Farm History; 18 Cropping; 19 Shearing, Crutching and Sheepwork; 20 The 1970 – 1972 recession, and pottery; 21 Apricots; 22 The New House; 23 School Buses; 24 Australian Merino Society and grapes; 25 Cyclone Alby; 26 Salinity Work; 27The Magik Story; 28 Kim’s Magik; 29 The Sandy, tagasaste and magpies 30 Kikuyu and Anyistis mites; 31 Badminton; 32 Glen Hawker’s bulldozer; 33 Post Scripts...

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การเกษตรคือปากท้อ้องและชีวิตชาวไทย ประเทศไทยมีประชากรประมาณ 65-70 ล้านคน ไม่ตํ่ากว่าร้อยละ 50 เป็นเกษตรกร หรืออาจ กล่าวได้ว่ามีคนไทยอย่างน้อยจำนวน 30 ล้านคน มีอาชีพเป็นเกษตรกร คนเหล่านี้ส่วนใหญ่เป็นคนจน เป็นคนจนที่สุดในหมู่คนจน เป็นกลุ่มคนที่สมัยหนึ่งได้ชื่อว่าเป็นกระดูกสันหลังของชาติ เพราะมีอาชีพ ทำนาเลี้ยงประเทศและเลี้ยงโลก จนประเทศไทยได้มีชื่อเสียงว่าเป็นครัวโลก และนานาชาติรู้จักชื่อเสียง ของข้าวหอมมะลิ ทำให้พ่อค้าส่งข้าวเป็นสินค้าออกจนรํ่ารวย มีฐานะเป็นเศรษฐี แต่ตาสีตาสาคนทำนาก็ ยิ่งยากจนลงทุกวัน ประเทศไทยตั้งกระทรวงเกษตราธิการขึ้นมาบริหารจัดการ และพัฒนาการเกษตร ดูแลทุกข์สุข ของเกษตรกรด้วยความรักและห่วงใย หรือสมัยนี้น่าจะเรียกว่า เอื้ออาทร ชาวนาตาสีตาสาก็ได้รับความ เอื้ออาทรจากรัฐบาล จนในสมัยหนึ่งถึงกับมีคำขวัญว่า ทุกข์ของชาวนาคือทุกข์ของแผ่นดิน แต่ไม่นาน เขาก็ลืมคำขวัญนั้น เพราะทุกวันนี้พ่อค้าครองเมือง ทุกคนพูดถึงแต่เรื่องการแข่งขัน (ทางธุรกิจ) คนที่ไม่ ได้ค้าขายก็พูดเรื่องการแข่งขันไปกับเขาด้วย ราวกับว่าเราเก่งอยู่คนเดียวและถ้าไม่ได้แข่งขันแล้วจะ ตายอย่างนั้นแหละ คนไทยชอบกินอะไรเป็นแฟชั่น ว่าอะไรว่าตามกัน พูดพักเดียวแล้วก็ลืม แล้วไปหา คำขวัญใหม่มาเห่อกัน เมื่อก่อนนี้ก็อยากเป็นนิคส์เป็นแน็คส์กันจนนรกถามหา (วิกฤตเศร...

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Introductory Comment The title of this volume speaks of wisdom, a term defined with difficulty and that links formal learning and knowledge to insight, sometimes of a spiritual nature. This is appropriate. Wisdom is seldom imparted, although paths to it are offered in various sacred and profane writings. In the Judeo-Christian culture in the English language, this is traditionally associated with the Wisdom Literature of the Talmud and the Bible, namely Proverbs, Ecclesiastes and the Song of Songs. Sometimes other books are included, such as those of Job, Psalms and Sirach. Other the fi rst three, my own poor attempts at English poetic versions of the latter two aim to respect the wisdom tradition in modern form. But the first of those three – Proverbs – proved too daunting a task. That is one reason I was very pleased when my old friends Charan and Pakapun moved to preserve some traditional sayings of the Thai culture, and asked if I could offer some similar English sayings. These few pages are the result, now edited a decade after their first publication....

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SMALL FARMERS SECURE FOOD: SURVIVAL FOOD SECURITY, THE WORLD’S KITCHEN & THE CRITICAL ROLE OF SMALL FARMERS Small farmers tilling handkerchief sized farms feed more than half the world. They thus maintain national stability, forestall conflict and reduce emigration. Secure food supply is nothing short of national security. Such facts define the poor world, yet are misunderstood by nations that influence international development. Practitioners know that small farmers’ yields can exceed those of large farms. They also know that food security means guaranteeing enough food to survive as a national priority unrelated to free trade. Good governments of poor countries practice this to avoid food shortages and anarchy. Food always comes first – that is the message of this powerful book. History is replete with failed societies that lost sight of the centrality of food and farmers. Today, wealthy country delusions of isolation from instability in the rest of the world open everyone to an unprecedented risk. These matters are, in this book, refocused on the essentials of life, global security and peace. Polemic in parts, it shows the ...

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Table of Contents Page Dedication and Cataloguing Information ii Acknowledgements - Of the continuing past vi Feeding Rome; Feeding the World Chapter 1 Introductory Words 1 Chapter 2 Food, Farmers and Fallacy 4 Secure Food Producers 5 False Security 9 Where Did We Go Wrong? 12 A Short Re-view of Economics 13 Common Needs 16 Uncommonsense 17 Re-Integrating Economics 19 Rights to Food 23 Un-Free Food Trade 24 Food as a Commodity 26 Commoditization Leads to Speculation 28 Lessons of the Recent Past 30 Life and Death Risks 32 Supply and Demand 33 Policy Approaches 35 Chapter 3 Securing Enough Food to Survive 38 Rediscovering Food Security 38 Forgotten Food; Forgotten Famines 40 Fundamental Knowledge 42 Food Crises and Foreign Aid 45 International Approaches 48 Variables in Food Security 52 Food Reserves 57 Food Security and the Recent Crises 59 Informed Policy 64 Chapter 4 ...

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Foreword It was agriculture that enabled human beings to become producers rather than hunters and gatherers, and in doing so to settle into communities. From these earliest settlements have developed the elaborate and complex societies of today. During all these millennia, we have tended to take agriculture for granted. This is unfortunate, and unfair by all those - farm men and women in the fields, scientists in their laboratories, and policy makers in parliaments and elsewhere, for instance - who have contributed to the development of agriculture; an enterprise that is as significant as it is exciting. The history of modern agriculture which has made possible the greatest leap in well-being that the human family has yet experienced, has seen the integration of research-based knowledge with traditional wisdom to bring about great improvements in agricultural varieties, farming techniques and management practices. The consequence of that “marriage” has been undreamed of increases of food productivity which served as the center of concentric circles of progress. Understanding that process and, more important, the substance that mad...

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Table of Contents List of Boxes ix Acknowledgments xi List of Acronyms xii Forward by Ismail Serageldin xiii To The Reader xv Chapter 1. NATURAL RESOURCES 1 Concern 1 The Underlying Resources 3 Land and Soil 3 Water 7 Atmosphere 12 Biodiversity 15 Forests 17 Management of Natural Resources 19 Chapter 2. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 23 The Development of Modern Agriculture 23 Population and Food 27 Future Food Demand 30 The Agricultural Environment 34 Irrigation Potential 36 Poverty 37 Investment 39 Sustainable Food Production 42 Sustainability and Image 45 People and Agriculture 47 Towards an Alternative Approach 51 Chapter 3. UNDERSTANDING AND EDUCATION: ENVIRONMENTAL EMPATHY 55 Awareness 55 Bread Baskets of the World 58 The Global Need 59 The Imperative of Education 60 Public Environmental Education 63 Changes in Agricultural Education 66 Information or Knowledge 70 Chapter 4. HIGHER EDUCATION IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 75 Note: Page numbers may differ in e-version Why Higher Education? 75 6 The Alternative - “The Noble Savage” 79 Universities in LDCs 80 Natural Resource Management Education 82 Issues in Environmental Educat...

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Derek Tribe FTSE, OBE, OA was a remarkable Australian international Australian agricultural scientist, who as a young academic migrated from England to assume the mantle of Sir Samuel Wadham at the University of Melbourne in the 1950s. From that base he was instrumental in the creation in Africa of what became the International Livestock Research Institute – one of the 15 green revolution centres that support third world research. Having expanded the Faculty of Agriculture and modernized the agricultural science course at Melbourne as Dean, he retired early from the University after having touched the lives of hundreds of young agricultural scientists. He then became the first Executive Director of the International Development Program of Australian Universities and Colleges – IDP. Charismatic, driven and politically astute he next reoriented his considerable skills and networks to form The Crawford Fund, to raise awareness and support for the critical role of agricultural research in the third world, under the auspices of the Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering. Tribe’s vision in creating The Crawford Fund remains rel...

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Table of Contents Page Acknowledgements vi Introduction 1 Chapter 1 – Formative Decades 4 The First 12 Years 4 War and Evacuation 10 Chapter 2 – Entering the Profession 14 The University of Reading 14 The Rowett Institute 19 Bristol and Australian Contact 26 Chapter 3 – Australia: The First Decade 33 Migrating 33 Assimilating 34 Developing Influence 41 Sabbatical 51 Postmark Australia 55 Chapter 4 – Africa 61 Into Africa 61 Into the World 66 A Global Centre 70 Board Member 79 Chapter 5 – Latter University Years 87 The Balancing Act 87 University Politician 93 Gentlemen’s Agreements 96 Enthusiastic Innovator 99 All Round Academic 106 Leaving the University 108 Chapter 6 – Transitions 110 UK to Australia 110 Academic to Entrepreneur 114 Busyness to Efficiency 118 Local to International 122 Competitive to Elite 128 University to Commerce 131 Chapter 7 – The ‘Real’ World 135 Australian-Asian Universities’ Coop...

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Sustainability of the environment implies both wishful thinking and ignorance – ignorance of the reality that natural systems are complex and unfathomable by scientists, and that repetition of research outputs depend on repetition of initial and all subsequent conditions. Scientific insights provide knowledge, but it is partial in most cases, and when applied is often subject to conflicting objectives, which in turn produce conditions that affect outcomes - thus our best efforts to predict natural outcomes are usually flawed. We further display our ignorance in seeking social sustainability while we behave inequitably towards groups other than ‘us’ and invoke spurious reasoning to justify further research. The effect of ignorant self-interest is played out daily in our largest intervention in the natural environment – agriculture, which is why agriculture provides perhaps the best model for consideration of the ideal of sustainability. From ancient Asian wisdom through modern global forces and technology to the central environmental issue of food production, we have identified some necessary conditions for sustainability. Yet, ou...

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Table of Contents Author and Publisher Information iii Acknowledgements ix Author’s Foreword xi Chapter 1 Stepping Back to Survey the Landscape 1 Chapter 2 The Unacknowledged Debt to Asia: A Different Agricultural and Environmental Reality 13 Agriculture’s Legacy 14 Agricultural Origins 15 Contact with the West 23 Religion, Nature and Agriculture 26 ‘Indianised’ Agriculture 31 Secular Approaches 34 Common Heritage 38 Chapter 3 Global Development Forces on Agriculture and the Environment 41 Agricultural Environments 43 Global Development Forces 51 Sustainable Development and Traditions 56 Sustainability: A Local or Foreign Influence? 59 Practical Alternatives 61 24 Sustainability: Elusive or Illusion? Wise Environmental Intervention Policy Implications 63 Chapter 4 Technology and Food Needs: GMOs for GFN: Genetically Modified Organisms and Global Food Needs 69 Global Food Needs 72 GMO Technologies 74 Revisiting the Green Revolution 76 Issues and Risks 79 Making a Decision 81 Chapter 5 Re-conceiving Food Security & Environmental Protection 87 Feeling Secure 89 The IFPRI World Food Situation 91 Conventional Consideratio...

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This book covers a wide range of aspects of cattle and buffalo hide collection, storage and processing in Thailand. No previous collation of information on the subject exists and, together with research presented herein, this book represents a milestone in understanding of a neglected industry with great commercial potential from improved management. The story starts with the emergence of Thailand as one of the world’s major agricultural exporters in many fields often to the neglect of useful by-products. Treating hides as a by-product of the bovine industries has held Thailand’s own leather industry back. This book explains means by which it can be advanced to both national and commercial benefit. Because of the low quality of local hides in Thailand as in other developing countries, the end users in the industrial sector have long experienced major difficulties. As hide purchasers they need to meet quality requirements for their hide products in an efficient and financially viable manner. They operate without having the ways and means to deal with the existing problems of defects that originate from different sources in other seg...

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LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF PHOTOS ix Acknowledgments x What this Book is About 11 Chapter 1 – Setting the Scene 16 Chapter 2 – An Overview of Thai Bovines 27 The Cattle and Buffalo Industry in Thailand 27 Populations of Cattle and Buffalo 28 Cattle and Buffalo Production Systems 30 Story of Kamphaeng Saen Beef Cattle 33 Development of Kamphaeng Saen Beef Breed 34 Kamphaeng Saen Beef Breeders’ Association 36 Genetic Improvement of KPS Beef Cattle 38 Markets and Marketing System for Live Bovines 44 General Characteristics of Cattle and Buffalo Markets 45 Marketing Systems 47 Purchasing Techniques 50 Procedures after Purchasing & Destination of Animals 51 Payment and Money Circulation in RLM 52 Thai Hide Transaction Chains and Marketing Today 55 Transaction Chain of Hides 55 Hides at Slaughterhouses 56 Hide Collecting Businesses 60 Hides at Tanneries 61 Marketing of Hides 64 Types of Hide Traders 65 Hide Purchasing 67 Use of Hides for Continuing Businesses 73 Physical Factors Affecting Cattle Hide Quality 75 Hide Preservation and Quality 77 Investigation of Defects on Cattle Hides 79 Quality Standard for Cat...

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From hunters and gatherers through agro-cities, State-religious Empires infiltrated by migrating Tai persons with a wet glutinous rice technology, evolved to produce a sustainable agriculture. Rice culture determined administrative structures in a pragmatic society which regularly produced a saleable surplus. Ayutthaya’s ascendancy, continuing today, consolidated the importance of rice agriculture to national security and economic well-being, as Chinese and European influence benefited agribusiness and initiated the demand which would expand agriculture through population increase until accessible land was expended. The resulting central interest in the spoils of agriculture more than its producers pervaded decision-making until recently, and was supported by narrow economic development advocates. As agriculture declined in relative financial importance, it continued to provide the benefits of employment, crisis resilience, self-sufficiency, rural social support, and cultural custody. Technical and economic globalisation forces which assumed a cultural uniformity were eventually revealed to require modification, but had meanwhile a...

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Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Uniquely Agricultural Golden Cradle The Land of the Thai Soils Water Resources Climate Other Natural Resources Regional Origins Intensification Industrialisation National and Global Responsibilities Current Situation Ingredients of Thai Agriculture Summary Chapter 2 - Agricultural Origins From Gathering to Growing Neolithic to Iron Age Domination of Rice Early Thai Agriculturists Khmer Agriculture Pagan Agriculture Southern Thailand Summary Chapter 3 - Arrival of Tai Agriculture Chinese Tai Muang F Integrating Technologies Tai Agriculturists Migrating Farmers Tai in Thailand Tai Traits Environmental Traditions Tai and Buddhist Environments Summary Chapter 4 - Expansion of Thai Agriculture from 1200 C Agricultural Organisation Agricultural Administration Integrating Irrigation Systems Agricultural Domination Tai to Thai Agriculture 5 Agricultural Life Summary Chapter 5 - Emerging Agribusiness: Ayutthaya to the Early Twentieth Century Agriculture, Environment and Morality Export Rice Cash Crops Foreign Influence Administering the Peasants State Irrigation Development Traders and Early Agrib...

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Total consumption of milk in developing regions is projected to increase from 164 million metric tonnes in 1993 to 391 million metric tons by the year 2020 – a 138 percent increase! The expected increase in per capita consumption is from 38 to 62 kg/person. The triple effects of population increase, income growth and urbanisation will fuel this tremendous growth in demand. Milk provides quality protein and essential micronutrients needed for nutrient balance in marginal diets based on staple grain and root crops. The production of more milk in developing countries will help meet the needs of urban families at prices they can afford. With affordable prices, poor families, especially children, are more likely to consume the quality protein and essential micronutrients they need for healthy physical and mental development. Increasing dairy production is a major challenge for those engaged in international livestock development. Moreover, there are environmental concerns about livestock production in fragile landscapes, so increasing milk supply should be done in an environmentally sustainable manner. Research can help meet this c...

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Table of Contents About the Authors Acknowledgements Foreward Chapter 1: The dairy industry in a changing world H. Schelhaas Introduction Four specific features of the dairy industry Milk production The processing industry in Western countries Dairy policy Consumption of dairy products in Western countries The international dairy markets Conclusions Suggested reading Chapter 2: Dairy production systems in the tropics P. N. de Leeuw, A. Omore, S. Staal and W. Thorpe Global overview of tropical dairy production Sub-Saharan Africa Asia Central and South America Dairy production systems in sub-Saharan Africa Dairy production systems in Asia Dairy production systems in Latin America Dual-purpose systems Intensive milk production Conclusions References Chapter 3: Socio-economic aspects of smallholder dairy farmers A. J. De Boer Introduction Smallholder dairy farming systems Types of systems Post-milking considerations Technological change and technology transfer for smallholder dairying Background Methods On-farm trials Change, dynamics and opportunities Impact of economic liberalisa...

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Thai agriculture is traced through prehistory, agro-cities, and religious empires with immigrant Tai, to a sustainable wet glutinous rice culture which shaped institutions for an exporting society. Agriculture's provision of security and wealth increased with population and Chinese and European agribusiness, until accessible land was expended. Employment, crisis resilience, self-sufficiency, rural social support, and culture were maintained through agriculture, although hampered by institutional orientations to taxation more than research and education. By the 1960s, agribusiness contrasted with small-holders. Thailand is one of the world's few major agricultural exporters, leading in rice, rubber, canned pineapple, black tiger prawn, and regional chicken meat production and export, and feeding four times its population from less intensive agriculture than its neighbours. Issues remain in poverty, education, research, governance, national debt, and sensitive alternatives for small-holders. Past specialties in irrigation, administration, export, multinational agribusiness, negotiation, retained potential, and acceptance of new ...

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Chapter 1 - Uniquely Agricultural Golden Cradle The Land of the Thai Soils Water Resources Climate Other Natural Resources Regional Origins Intensification Industrialisation National and Global Responsibilities Current Situation Ingredients of Thai Agriculture Summary Chapter 2 - Agricultural Origins From Gathering to Growing Neolithic to Iron Age Domination of Rice Early Thai Agriculturists Khmer Agriculture Pagan Agriculture Southern Thailand Summary Chapter 3 - Arrival of Tai Agriculture Chinese Tai Muang F Integrating Technologies Tai Agriculturists Migrating Farmers Tai in Thailand Tai Traits Environmental Traditions Tai and Buddhist Environments Summary Chapter 4 - Expansion of Thai Agriculture from 1200 C Agricultural Organisation Agricultural Administration Integrating Irrigation Systems Agricultural Domination Tai to Thai Agriculture Agricultural Life Summary Chapter 5 - Emerging Agribusiness: Ayutthaya to the Early Twentieth Century Agriculture, Environment and Morality Export Rice Cash Crops Foreign Influence Administering the Peasants State Irrigation Development Traders and Early Agribusiness Summary Chapt...